1880
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Calendar overview 1880
Map with all linked sites: | 1880 | |
|---|---|
 in the Second Anglo-Afghan War . |
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 |
 completely frozen . |
 |
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| 1880 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 1328/29 (turn of the year July) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1872/73 (September 10-11) |
| Baha'i calendar | 36/37 (March 20/21) |
| Bengali solar calendar | 1285/86 (beginning of April 14th or 15th) |
| Buddhist calendar | 2423/24 (southern Buddhism); 2422/23 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 76th (77th) cycle
Year of the Metal Dragon 庚辰 ( at the beginning of the year Earth-Rabbit 己卯) |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 1242/43 (turn of the year April) |
| Dangun era (Korea) | 4213/14 (October 2/3) |
| Iranian calendar | 1258/59 (around March 21) |
| Islamic calendar | 1297/98 (December 3-4) |
| Japanese calendar |
Meiji 13 (
明治 13 年); Koki 2540 |
| Jewish calendar | 5640/41 (September 5-6) |
| Coptic calendar | 1596/97 (September 10-11) |
| Malayalam calendar | 1055/56 |
| Rumi Calendar (Ottoman Empire) | 1295/96 (March 1) |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 2190/91 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 2191/92 (turn of the year October) |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1936/37 (April) |
Events
Politics and world events
Europe
- January 1st : Emil Welti becomes President of Switzerland for the fourth time .
- April 14th : The Samoa bill initiated by Otto von Bismarck for the state rescue of Johan Cesar Godeffroy's trading house, which was bankrupt as a result of enterprises in Samoa, marks the beginning of active German colonial policy .
- July 14th : Kulturkampf : The bread basket law is repealed and the bishops are released from the oath on Prussian laws.
- Magdeburg becomes a big city.
America
- June 7th : The fortress on El Morro Mountain in the Peruvian port city of Arica is conquered by the Chileans during the saltpeter war.
- October 15 : Mexican soldiers murder Victorio , a Chihenne Apache leader, and 78 other Apaches who are being fought for campaigns in New Mexico and Texas .
- October 30th : Tegucigalpa becomes the capital of Honduras for good .
- November 2 : The Republican James A. Garfield is US president by a slim majority to choose .
Oceania
- June 29th : France forces King Pomaré V of Tahiti to abdicate and annexes the island into French Polynesia .
Asia
- July 27th : British troops are defeated by Afghans at the Battle of Maiwand .
- The Second Anglo-Afghan War ends.
Africa
- The race for Africa begins.
- December 16 : The Boer Republic of the Transvaal declares its independence from Great Britain under the name of the South African Republic . The first shots were fired at the beginning of the Boer War .
economy
World exhibition
- October 1st : The Melbourne World's Fair begins.
Patents
- January 27 : Thomas Edison receives the US - patent number 223898 for his invention of a better light bulb .
Business start-ups and takeovers
- March 1st : Heinrich Kleyer founds a machine and bicycle business in Frankfurt am Main. The Adlerwerke for the production of bicycles, motorcycles and cars later emerged from Heinrich Kleyer GmbH .
- In November the brothers William and Theodore Steinway opened another plant in Hamburg- St. Pauli on Schanzenstrasse in a former sewing machine factory in order to take advantage of the Hamburg duty-free and lower wages in piano manufacturing. Arthur von Holwede, who moved from Braunschweig to New York with Theodor Steinweg in 1865, becomes the first Hamburg plant director.
- Carl von Thieme from Erfurt , whose father was a director at Thuringia, founds the Munich reinsurance company with the support of Wilhelm von Finck (partner in the Merck Finck & Co bank ) .
- Merger of the companies Straub & Sohn and Ritter & Co to form the Württembergische Metallwarenfabrik (WMF)
- Andreas Flocken founds the A. Flocken machine factory in Coburg .
- George Hearst takes over The Daily Examiner newspaper .
traffic
- February 29th : The 15 kilometer long Gotthard tunnel through the massif of the same name in the Swiss Alps, built for the Gotthard Railway, is cut through.
- August 5 : The New York and Brighton Beach Railway on Long Island in Brooklyn opens for passenger services.
- December 28 : The HAPAG steamer “Thuringia” opens a direct line between Hamburg and Mexico .
science and technology
Arctic exploration
- April 24th : Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld returns to Europe from the first successful crossing of the Northeast Passage on the Vega . He is given a triumphant reception in Stockholm.
Natural sciences
- September 27th : During observations in the constellation Whale , Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel found the galaxies later named NGC 114 , NGC 118 and NGC 123 .
- September 30th : Henry Draper takes the first photograph of the Orion Nebula .
- November 6 : The French military doctor Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran discovered the malaria pathogen Plasmodium falciparum in a blood sample .
Technical achievements
- March 31 : Wabash , Indiana , becomes the first site to feature all- electric street lighting .
- Werner Siemens presents the first electric elevator in Mannheim.
Teaching and Research
- July 3 : Thomas Alva Edison founds Science magazine .
- July 7 : Konrad Duden publishes the Complete Orthographic Dictionary of the German Language (first Duden ) in Leipzig .
- October 20 : Abraham Kuyper founds the religiously oriented Free University of Amsterdam . It retained its orientation from the time it was founded until the 1970s.
Culture
Visual arts
- Autumn: Vincent van Gogh makes the decision to become a painter.
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- Arnold Böcklin paints the first two versions of Die Toteninsel .
- Thomas Eakins completes the painting The Fairman Rogers Four-in-Hand . It is considered to be the first correct representation of horses in motion, which was achieved through the new technique of photographic analysis.
- Auguste Rodin creates the bronze sculpture The Kiss .
- Édouard Manet paints the two still lifes Asparagus Bundles and The Asparagus in oil on canvas .
- Eugen Bracht goes on a long study trip through Syria, Palestine and Egypt with Carl Cowen Schirm and Adolf von Meckel . As a result, Bracht painted works of Orientalism .
- Foundation of the National Gallery of Canada
- Establishment of Kyōto-shiritsu Geijutsu Daigaku , the first art school in Japan.
Music and theater
- January 21 : The opera Die Mayacht by Nikolai Andrejewitsch Rimski-Korsakow is premiered at the Mariinsky Theater in Saint Petersburg .
- January 31st : The world premiere of the fantastic drama Elda by Alfredo Catalani takes place at the Teatro Regio in Turin.
- February 21 : The operetta Donna Juanita by Franz von Suppè is premiered at the Carltheater in Vienna. The libretto is by Camillo Walzel and Richard Genée .
- October 1 : The operetta Das Spitzentuch der Königin by Johann Strauss (son) based on a libretto by Heinrich Bohrmann-Riegen and Richard Genée is premiered at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna .
- October 20 : The opera in Frankfurt am Main , designed by the Berlin architect Richard Lucae , opens in the presence of Kaiser Wilhelm I with Mozart's opera Don Giovanni . At the same time, the square surrounding today's Alte Oper will be renamed Opernplatz .
- December 6th : The Capriccio Italy , an orchestral composition by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , is premiered with great success in Moscow under the direction of Nikolai Rubinstein .
- December 18th : The operetta Apajune, the Aquarius by Karl Millöcker is premiered at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna . This libretto is also by Richard Genée and Camillo Walzel .
Others
- October 15 : After more than 600 years, the Cologne Cathedral is completed by Ernst Friedrich Zwirner and Richard Voigtel , true to the plans of the Cologne cathedral builders of the Middle Ages. At 157.38 m, it is the tallest building in the world at the time. The next day, on the occasion of the completion, there will be a pageant in the presence of Kaiser Wilhelm I and numerous other princes as well as representatives of the city of Cologne and the Central Cathedral Building Association .
- October 20 : The first performance takes place in the newly built Salamonsky Circus in Moscow. It was renamed the Nikulin Circus decades later .
society
- March 14th : The Austrian Society of Rothen Kreuze is created through the merger of several local aid associations . Emperor Franz Joseph I signs the charter and, together with his wife Sisi, takes over the patronage of the new organization.
- June 28 : Australian outlaw and folk hero Ned Kelly is caught in Glenrowan , Victoria.
- November 11 : Convicted Australian mugger Ned Kelly dies on the gallows in Old Melbourne Gaol prison .
- December 25th : The Swiss Federal Councilor Fridolin Anderwert , elected Federal President for 1881 , dies by suicide on the terrace in front of the Federal Palace.
- The Le Rosey Institute in Rolle on Lake Geneva is founded.
Disasters
- October 16 : The paddle steamer Alpena disappears on Lake Michigan in a severe storm known as "The Big Blow". None of the 80 people on board survived; the exact circumstances of the accident remain unclear.
- November 9 : A severe earthquake hits Croatia's capital Zagreb .
- December 28 : Unusually high floods undermine the river bank in the port of Bremen , causing 170 m of the quay wall to collapse and storage sheds are damaged or destroyed.
Minor accidents are listed in the sub-articles of Catastrophe .
nature and environment
- January 20 : After an earthquake, an island appears in the lake of the caldera Ilopango in San Salvador .
- The Lake Constance and Lake Zurich are completely frozen .
Sports
- January 4th : A rope team led by Edward Whymper succeeds in the first ascent of Chimborazo in Ecuador.
- November 5th : The Berlin Rowing Club is built in Treptow on the Spree .
Born
January
- January 1 : Shalom Asch , Jewish writer and playwright († 1957 )
- January 1 : Ernst Gennat , German criminal investigator († 1939 )
- January 3 : Alim Khan , last Emir of Bukhara († 1944 )
- January 4 : Charles Wheeler , New Zealand-Australian painter († 1977 )
- January 5th : Harry Maasz , German horticultural architect and horticultural writer († 1946 )
- January 5 : Nikolai Karlowitsch Medtner , Russian composer († 1951 )
- January 7 : Santiago Luis Copello , Argentine clergyman, Archbishop of Buenos Aires and Cardinal († 1967 )
- January 10 : Manuel Azaña , Spanish politician and president († 1940 )
- January 10 : Paolo Giobbe , Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal († 1972 )
- January 10 : Adrian Wettach , known as Grock, Swiss music clown († 1959 )
- January 12 : Menyhért Lengyel , Hungarian writer († 1974 )
- January 14 : Pierre-Marie Gerlier , French clergyman, Archbishop of Lyon and Cardinal († 1965 )
- January 15 : Rita Sacchetto , German dancer and actress († 1959 )
- January 17 : Bernardo Attolico , Italian diplomat († 1942 )
- January 17 : Mack Sennett , American filmmaker († 1960 )
- January 18 : Paul Ehrenfest , Austrian physicist († 1933 )
- January 18 : Robert Pollack , Austrian violinist and music teacher († 1962 )
- January 18 : Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster , Italian clergyman, Archbishop of Milan and Cardinal († 1954 )
- January 19 : Julius Perlis , Austrian chess player († 1913 )
- January 19 : James Graves Scrugham , American politician († 1945 )
- January 20 : Rudolf Bernauer , Austrian operetta librettist and theater director († 1953 )
- January 22 : Frigyes Riesz , Hungarian mathematician († 1956 )
- January 23 : Antonio Díaz Soto y Gama , Mexican legal scholar, revolutionary († 1967 )
- January 24th : Alfred Merz , Austro-German oceanographer († 1925 )
- January 24th : Peter Wilhelm Millowitsch , German actor and theater director († 1945 )
- January 25 : Bernhard Raestrup , German politician († 1959 )
- January 25 : Arthur Schütz , Austrian engineer and writer († 1960 )
- January 26 : Douglas MacArthur , American general († 1964 )
- January 26th : Peet Stol , Dutch national soccer player († 1956 )
- January 26 : Willy de Vos , Dutch football player († 1957 )
- January 27th : Arthur Warncke , German rower
- January 28 : Herbert Freundlich , German-American basic researcher in colloid chemistry († 1941 )
- January 28 : Camil Ressu , Romanian painter († 1962 )
- January 29 : WC Fields , American actor († 1946 )
- January 29 : Philibert Jacques Melotte , British astronomer († 1961 )
- January 30 : Howard Alexander Smith , American politician († 1966 )
- January 31 : Anton Arnold , Austrian opera singer († 1954 )
February
- February 3 : Félix Fourdrain , French composer, organist and music teacher († 1923 )
- February 4 : Louis Halphen , French historian († 1950 )
- February 5 : Gabriel Voisin , French aircraft and automobile designer († 1973 )
- February 6 : Alexander von Bernus , German writer († 1965 )
- February 6 : Max Sauerlandt , German art historian († 1934 )
- February 7th : Aurelio Mistruzzi , Italian sculptor and medalist († 1960 )
- February 7 : Rudolf Schetter , German politician († 1967 )
- February 8 : Franz Marc , German painter († 1916 )
- February 9 : Leopold Fejér , Hungarian mathematician († 1959 )
- February 12 : Eugen Fürstenberger , German gymnast († 1975 )
- February 13 : John La Farge , American priest and Jesuit († 1963 )
- February 14 : Egon Berger-Waldenegg , Austrian lawyer, politician and landowner († 1960 )
- February 14 : Maria Labia , Italian opera singer († 1953 )
- February 17 : Tellos Agras , Greek officer († 1907 )
- February 18 : Ernst von Aster , German philosopher and historian of philosophy († 1948 )
- February 18 : Eric DeLamarter , American composer († 1953 )
- February 19 : Joseph Antz , German educator († 1960 )
- February 19 : Elisabeth Brönner , German politician and member of the Weimar National Assembly († 1950 )
- February 19 : Álvaro Obregón , Mexican general and politician († 1928 )
- February 19 : Arthur Shepherd , American composer († 1958 )
- February 20 : Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen , French aristocrat, author and poet († 1923 )
- February 21 : Marie Behncke , German politician and member of the Weimar National Assembly († 1944 )
- February 21 : Waldemar Bonsels , German writer († 1952 )
- February 22nd : Kurt Müller , German archaeologist († 1972 )
- February 23 : Roy D. Chapin , American entrepreneur and politician († 1936 )
- February 26 : Kenneth Essex Edgeworth , Irish astronomer († 1972 )
- February 27 : Wilhelm August Lautenschläger , German composer and pianist († 1949 )
- February 27 : Ernst Otto Oßwald , German architect († 1960 )
March
- March 1 : Lytton Strachey , British biographer, critic and writer († 1932 )
- March 1 : Manfred Kyber , German author of anthroposophical animal stories († 1933 )
- March 2 : Alfred J. Lotka , American mathematician, chemist and demographer († 1949 )
- March 2 : Ivar Kreuger , Swedish entrepreneur († 1932 )
- March 3 : Jerónimo Costa , Chilean painter († 1967 )
- March 5 : Sergei Natanowitsch Bernstein , Russian mathematician († 1968 )
- March 6 : Sir Jameson Boyd Adams , British polar explorer († 1962 )
- March 10 : Karl Erich Andrée , German geologist and paleontologist († 1959 )
- March 13 : OtEmmto Meissner , head of the office of the Reich President († 1953 )
- March 15 : Pierre Maillon , French racing car driver († unknown)
- March 15 : José da Costa Nunes , Portuguese clergyman, Archbishop of Goa and Cardinal († 1976 )
- March 17 : Guillermo Uribe Holguín , Colombian composer († 1971 )
- March 17 : Julius Bamberger , German Jewish department store owner in Bremen, Nazi victim († 1951 )
- March 17 : Lawrence Oates , British polar explorer († 1912 )
- March 18 : Walter Hohmann , German test engineer for structural engineering, space pioneer († 1945 )
- March 18 : Alexander Zinn , German writer and politician († 1941 )
- March 19 : Oscar Behrens , German administrative lawyer and mayor († 1969 )
- March 21 : Gilbert Maxwell Aronson , American actor, director, producer and screenwriter († 1971 )
- March 21 : Hans Hofmann , German painter († 1966 )
- March 23 : Paul B. Johnson senior , American politician († 1943 )
- March 25 : Alexander Petrovich Apsit , Latvian artist († 1943 )
- March 26 : Alfred A. Cohn , American screenwriter († 1951 )
- March 27 : Robert Pferdmenges , German banker and politician († 1962 )
- March 27 : Walther Grosse , German civil servant and regional historian († 1943 )
- March 27 : Otto Vitense (pedagogue) , German pedagogue, Mecklenburg regional historian († 1948 )
- March 28 : Fritz Klatte , German chemist († 1934 )
- March 29th : Eduard Hütter , Austrian architect and stage designer († 1967 )
- March 30 : Artur Jacobs , German philosopher († 1968 )
- March 30th : Seán O'Casey , Irish freedom fighter and playwright († 1964 )
- March 31 : Paul Gleeson , American tennis player († 1956 )
April
- April 2 : Ketewan Swanidze , first wife of Josef Stalin († 1907 )
- April 3 : Otto Weininger , Austrian philosopher († 1903 )
- April 4 : Georg Ludwig von Trapp , German submarine commander and father of the singing Trapp family († 1947 )
- April 6 : Wilhelm Burger , German auxiliary bishop († 1952 )
- April 7th : Fritz Grünbaum , Czech cabaret artist, operetta and hit writer († 1941 )
- April 7 : Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas , Lithuanian communist politician († 1935 )
- April 9 : Jan Letzel , Czech architect († 1925 )
- April 10 : Aloys Fischer , German educator († 1937 )
- April 10 : Frances Perkins , American politician († 1965 )
- April 13 : Hans Adler , Austrian poet, writer and librettist († 1957 )
- April 13 : Greten Handorf , German shipowner († 1944 )
- April 13 : Fritz Tarnow , German trade unionist and Member of the Weimar Republic († 1951 )
- April 13 : Ludwig von Ficker , German writer and publisher († 1967 )
- April 13 : Walther von Knebel , German geologist († 1907 )
- April 15 : Max Wertheimer , founder of gestalt theory and gestalt psychology of German descent († 1943 )
- April 17 : Arthur Trebitsch , Austrian writer and philosopher († 1927 )
- April 20 : Johann Knief , German teacher, editor and politician († 1919 )
- April 21 : Tony Sarg , German-American puppeteer and illustrator († 1942 )
Michel Fokine as Lucien d'Hervilly in Paquita , around 1905
- April 23 : Michel Fokine , Russian choreographer and founder of modern ballet († 1942 )
- April 26 : Paul Gurk , German writer and painter († 1953 )
- April 29 : Adolf Chybiński , Polish musicologist and teacher († 1952 )
- April 29 : Julius Springer the Younger , German publisher († 1968 )
May
- May 1 : JO LaMadeleine , Canadian fiddle player († 1973 )
- May 3 : Martin Luserke , German reform pedagogue and writer († 1968 )
- May 4 : Bruno Taut , German architect and urban planner († 1938 )
- May 5 : Adrian Carton de Wiart , British Lieutenant General († 1963 )
- May 6 : Maximilian Josef Auer , Austrian musicologist († 1962 )
- May 6 : Chino Masako , Japanese poet († 1946 )
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner , 1919
- May 6 : Ernst Ludwig Kirchner , German expressionist painter († 1938 )
- May 7 : Karl Bleyle , Austrian musician and composer († 1969 )
- May 7 : Oskar Perron , German mathematician († 1975 )
- May 9 : Mihkel Lüdig , Estonian composer († 1958 )
- May 9 : Heinrich Schmiedeknecht , German architect († 1962 )
- May 12 : Lincoln Ellsworth , American polar explorer († 1951 )
- May 14 : Elsbeth Ebertin , German astrologer and graphologist († 1944 )
- May 14 : Georg Vitzthum von Eckstädt , German art historian († 1945 )
- May 14 : Wilhelm List , German army officer († 1971 )
- May 15 : Otto Dibelius , Protestant bishop in Berlin-Brandenburg († 1967 )
- May 18 : Theodor Laurezzari , German rower
- May 19 : Max Clarenbach , German painter from the Düsseldorf School of Painting († 1952 )
- May 21 : Tudor Arghezi , Romanian writer († 1967 )
- May 22 : Ernest Oppenheimer , German-British diamond dealer († 1957 )
- May 23 : Gustaw Gwozdecki , Polish-French sculptor, painter, graphic artist and art writer († 1935l )
- May 25 : Lauri Wylie , British author († 1951 )
- May 29 : Ernst Aufseeser , German painter, lithographer, xylograph, graphic designer and university lecturer († 1940 )
- May 29 : Edmund Löns , German forester and cynologist († 1964 )
- May 29 : Oswald Spengler , German philosopher of history and cultural historian († 1936 )
- May 30 : Miel Mundt , Dutch football player († 1949 )
- May 31 : Heinrich Greinacher , Swiss physicist († 1974 )
- May 31 : Richard Kuöhl , German sculptor, architectural sculptor († 1961 )
June
- June 1 : Heinrich Nauen , German expressionist painter († 1940 )
- June 6 : William Thomas Cosgrave , Irish politician and head of government († 1965 )
- June 6 : Norbert Jacques , writer of Luxembourg origin († 1954 )
- June 7 : Vladimir Nikolayevich Sukatschow , Russian forest scientist and geobotanist († 1967 )
- June 9 : Bernhard Howaldt junior , north German engineer, shipowner, entrepreneur († 1958 )
- June 10 : André Derain , French painter († 1954 )
- June 10 : Margit Kaffka , Hungarian poet († 1918 )
- June 11 : Jeannette Rankin , American politician, women's rights activist and peace activist († 1973 )
- June 11 : Willem Janssen , Dutch football player († 1976 )
- June 14 : Walter von Molo , German writer († 1958 )
- June 15 : Nagano Osami , Japanese admiral († 1947 )
- June 15 : Albert Soergel , German literary scholar († 1958 )
- June 15 : Blind Alfred Reed , American country musician († 1956 )
- June 16 : Alice Bailey , British writer († 1949 )
- June 17 : Carl van Vechten , American photographer, writer († 1964 )
- June 20 : Friedrich Karl Dühring , German colonial officer (†?)
- June 20 : Friedrich Gundolf , German literary scholar of Jewish origin († 1931 )
- June 22 : William Cohn , German-British art historian and sinologist († 1961 )
- June 23 : Hugo Auvera , German entrepreneur († 1962 )
- June 24 : Oswald Veblen , American mathematician († 1960 )
- June 25 : Erich Emminger , German politician († 1951 )
- June 25 : Felix Swinstead , English pianist, composer and music teacher († 1959 )
- June 26 : Josef Reither , Austrian politician († 1950 )
- June 27 : Helen Keller , American writer († 1968 )
- June 29 : Ludwig August Theodor Beck , German general and resistance fighter († 1944 )
- June 30 : Rosa Bloch-Bollag , figure of the Swiss labor movement († 1922 )
- June 30 : Rabod von Kröcher , German show jumper and silver medalist at the Olympic Games 1912 († 1945 )
July
- July 1 : Joseph-Ermend Bonnal , French composer, organist and music teacher († 1944 )
- July 1 : Dora Koering , German tennis player († 1945 )
- July 1 : Herbert Koch , German archaeologist († 1962 )
- July 2 : Anton Breinl , Austrian zoologist and physician († 1944 )
- July 3 : Heinrich Droste , German publisher († 1958 )
- July 3 : Lejaren Hiller , American photographer and illustrator († 1969 )
- July 4th : Stellan Rye , Danish screenwriter and director († 1914 )
- July 4 : Victor Kraft , Austrian scientific theorist († 1975 )
- July 8th : Georg Krücke , Lord Mayor of Wiesbaden († 1961 )
- July 8 : Henri Donnedieu de Vabres , French criminal lawyer († 1952 )
- July 9 : Natalija Sergejewna Brassowa , Russian Countess von Brassow († 1952 )
- July 12 : Hermann Harry Schmitz , German writer and essayist († 1913 )
- July 15 : Gonzague de Reynold , Swiss writer and professor († 1970 )
- July 18 : Ludger Mintrop , German geophysicist († 1956 )
- July 20 : Hermann Graf Keyserling , German philosopher († 1946 )
- July 21 : Rafail Abramowitsch , Russian Bundist and Menshevik († 1963 )
- July 21 : Milan Rastislav Štefánik , Czechoslovak general († 1919 )
- July 22 : Rudolf Brandsch , Austrian-German politician († 1953 )
- July 22 : Charles W. Tobey , American politician († 1953 )
- July 24 : Ernest Bloch , American composer († 1959 )
- July 24th : Filareto Kavernido , German anarchist († 1933 )
- July 26th : Bror Abelli , Swedish director, actor, singer, writer and cinema owner († 1962 )
- July 31 : Heinrich Simon . German journalist and publisher († 1941 )
August
- August 2 : Alfred Mell , Austrian historian and director of the Army History Museum († 1962 )
- August 2 : Benito Rebolledo , Chilean painter († 1964 )
- August 4 : Werner von Fritsch , German officer († 1939 )
- August 5th : Hermann Lüdemann , Prime Minister of Schleswig-Holstein († 1959 )
- August 6 : Hans Moser , Austrian actor († 1964 )
- August 7 : Walther Lietzmann , German mathematician, pedagogue and maths didactic († 1959 )
- August 10 : Clarence Cameron White , American composer († 1960 )
- August 12 : Marguerite Radclyffe Hall , British writer († 1943 )
- August 14 : Fred Alexander , American tennis player († 1969 )
- August 17 : Leo Ascher , Austrian composer and lawyer († 1942 )
- August 17th : Paul Kammerer , Austrian zoologist († 1926 )
- August 18 : Georg Schmückle , German writer († 1948 )
- August 18 : Tilla Durieux , Austrian actress († 1971 )
- August 22 : George Herriman , American comic artist and cartoonist († 1944 )
- August 22 : Gorch Fock ( actually Johann Wilhelm Kinau ), German poet († 1916 )
- August 24 : Hans Nawiasky , German lawyer and constitutional lawyer († 1961 )
- August 25 : Robert Stolz , Austrian composer and conductor († 1975 )
- August 26 : Guillaume Apollinaire , French writer and art critic († 1918 )
- August 27 : Édouard Flament , French composer († 1958 )
- August 27 : Otto Zehentbauer , German sculptor († 1961 )
- August 29 : Marie-Louise Meilleur , Canadian age record holder († 1998 )
- August 30 : Nikolai Astrup , Norwegian painter († 1928 )
- August 30 : Konrad Graf von Preysing , German clergyman, bishop of Eichstätt and Berlin († 1950 )
- August 31 : Eduard Edert , Schleswig-Holstein politician and author († 1967 )
- August 31 : Wilhelmina , Queen of the Netherlands († 1962 )
September
- September 3 : Gustav Peter Bucky , German radiologist, physicist, scientist and inventor († 1963 )
- September 5 : Felix Schloemp , German writer, satirist and editor († 1916 )
- September 6 : Felix Huch , German doctor and writer († 1952 )
- September 11th : Felix Knubben , German church musician and composer († 1934 )
- September 14 : Archie Hahn , American athlete († 1955 )
- September 14 : Paul Fechter , German theater critic, editor and writer († 1958 )
- September 14 : Joseph Emile Harley , American politician († 1942 )
- September 16 : Carl Carls , German chess player († 1958 )
- September 17 : Désiré-Émile Inghelbrecht , French conductor and composer († 1965 )
- September 19 : Zequinha de Abreu , Brazilian composer and instrumentalist († 1935 )
- September 19 : Abraham Asscher , Dutch diamond dealer and politician († 1950 )
- September 20 : Ildebrando Pizzetti , Italian composer († 1968 )
- September 21 : Erich Kaufmann , German constitutional lawyer († 1972 )
- September 22nd : Walter Asmis , German lawyer and agricultural functionary († 1954 )
- September 22 : Christabel Pankhurst , British suffragette († 1958 )
- September 23 : John Boyd Orr , British nutritionist († 1971 )
- September 24th : Sarah Knauss , American age record holder († 1999 )
- September 25 : Waldemar Koch , German liberal politician († 1963 )
- September 26 : Marcus Ariowitsch , German entrepreneur († 1969 )
- September 27 : Jacques Thibaud , French violinist († 1953 )
- September 28 : Emma Cotta , German sculptor († 1957 )
- September 28 : Stanko Premrl , Slovenian composer († 1965 )
- September 29 : Liberato Ribeiro Pinto , Portuguese military and politician, Prime Minister († 1949 )
October
- October 1 : Heinrich Frantzen , German composer († 1953 )
- October 2 : Geoffrey Lawrence , presiding judge at the Nuremberg Trials († 1971 )
- October 4 : Nicolaas van Wijk , Dutch Germanist, Dutchist and is considered the father of Dutch Slavic Studies († 1941 )
- October 7 : Conrad Albrecht , German admiral in World War I († 1969 )
- October 7 : Paul Hausser , creator and initiator of the Waffen-SS († 1972 )
- October 8 : Fritz Bleyl , German architect and painter († 1966 )
- October 8 : Robert J. Bulkley , American politician († 1965 )
- October 8 : Clemens Schmalstich , German composer and conductor († 1960 )
- October 9 : Arthur Georg Arzt , German politician († 1953 )
- October 10 : Maximilian Kaller , Bishop of Warmia in East Prussia († 1947 )
- October 12 : Louis Hémon , French writer († 1913 )
- October 12 : Healey Willan , Canadian composer, organist, choir director and music teacher († 1968 )
- October 15 : Marie Stopes , British suffragette († 1958 )
- October 19 : Ichikawa Sadanji II , Japanese Kabuki actor († 1940 )
- October 22 : Jan van Beek , Dutch football player († 1952 )
- October 22 : Karl Meister , German philologist († 1963 )
- October 22nd : Patápio Silva , Brazilian flautist and composer († 1907 )
- October 23 : Dominikus Böhm , German architect († 1955 )
- October 26 : Andrei Bely , Russian poet and theorist († 1934 )
- October 28 : Wilhelm Robert Karl Anderson , German-Baltic astrophysicist († 1940 )
- October 28 : Michele Cipolla , Italian mathematician († 1947 )
- October 28 : Hans Schomburgk , German Africa explorer and pioneer of animal films († 1967 )
- October 29 : Otto Flake , German writer († 1963 )
- October 29 : Abram Ioffe , Soviet physicist († 1960 )
- October 29 : Jean Alexandru Steriadi , Romanian painter and graphic artist († 1956 )
- October 29 : Fritz Weege , German archaeologist and Etruscanologist († 1945 )
- October 31 : Mikhail Tomski , Soviet politician († 1936 )
November
- November 1 : Alfred Wegener , German meteorologist, polar and geoscientist († 1930 )
- November 2 : Fritz Karl Walther Achterberg , German actor († 1971 )
- November 2 : John Foulds , English composer († 1939 )
- November 5 : Richard Oswald , Austrian film director and screenwriter († 1963 )
- November 6 : Yoshisuke Aikawa , Japanese entrepreneur and politician († 1967 )
- November 6 : Robert Musil , Austrian writer and theater critic († 1942 )
- November 7th : Hans Walter Gruhle , German psychologist and psychiatrist († 1958 )
- November 7th : Joe May , Austrian director and producer († 1954 )
- November 9 : Albert Clément , French racing car driver († 1955 )
- November 9 : Rudolf Karel , Czech composer († 1945 )
- November 9 : Giles Gilbert Scott , English architect († 1960 )
- November 10 : Jacob Epstein , English sculptor, draftsman († 1959 )
- November 11 : Alexander Behm , German physicist († 1952 )
- November 13 : Editha Klipstein , German journalist and writer († 1953 )
- November 14 : Nicolás C. Accame , Argentine strategist and ambassador († 1963 )
- November 15 : Hermann Remmele , German politician († 1939 )
- November 18 : Emil Lehmann , Sudeten German nationality fighter († 1964 )
- November 18 : Paul Maas , German-Jewish classical philologist († 1964 )
- November 21 : Franz Hessel , German writer († 1941 )
- November 25 : John Flynn , Australian theologian († 1951 )
- November 25 : Harald Schering , German physicist, inventor of the Schering Bridge († 1959 )
- November 27 : Roscoe C. McCulloch , American politician († 1958 )
- November 28 : Erwin Barth , German garden designer († 1933 )
- November 28 : Alexander Alexandrowitsch Blok , poet of Russian modernism († 1921 )
- November 28 : Edward R. Burke , American politician († 1968 )
- November 29 : Nicolae Cocea , Romanian writer († 1949 )
- November 30 : Arthur Laurendeau , Canadian singer, choir director and music teacher († 1963 )
December
- December 1 : Gertzlaff von Hertzberg , German lawyer and politician († 1945 )
- December 3 : Fedor von Bock , German Field Marshal General († 1945 )
- December 4th : Pedro Segura y Sáenz , Spanish clergyman, Archbishop of Seville and Cardinal († 1957 )
- December 6th : Christian Deubler , German gymnast
- December 6 : Emanuel Ondříček , Czech violinist, music teacher and composer († 1958 )
- December 8 : Johannes Aavik , Estonian linguist and writer († 1973 )
- December 8 : Clément-Émile Roques , French clergyman, Archbishop of Rennes and Cardinal († 1964 )
- December 9 : Rokeya Sakhawat Hussain , Indian writer († 1932 )
- December 11 : Julius Bab , German writer († 1955 )
- December 12 : Johannes Jessen , German Bible translator († 1945 )
- December 12 : Hugo Steiner-Prag , Austrian-German illustrator, book designer and educator († 1945 )
- December 14 : Bruno Barilli , Italian composer, journalist and writer († 1952 )
- December 15 : Erwin Ackerknecht , German public librarian († 1960 )
- December 15 : Maria Ansorge , German politician and Member of the Bundestag († 1955 )
- December 17th : Ferruccio Zambonini , Italian mineralogist († 1932 )
- December 19 : Abhakara Kiartiwongse , Siamese admiral, prince and medic († 1923 )
- December 20 : Walter Brack , German swimmer († 1919 )
- December 20 : Eugen Münch , Swiss politician († 1919 )
- December 21 : David A. Reed , American politician († 1953 )
- December 22nd : Dawid Przepiórka , Polish chess player († 1940 )
- December 24th : Hermann Haller , Swiss sculptor († 1950 )
- December 26th : Augusta von Zitzewitz , German painter († 1960 )
- December 27 : Theodor Litt , German educator, philosopher († 1962 )
- December 28 : Janko Binenbaum , Turkish composer († 1956 )
- December 29 : Julien-Fernand Vaubourgoin , French organist, composer and music teacher († 1952 )
- December 30th : Alfred Einstein , German musicologist and music critic († 1952 )
- December 31 : George C. Marshall , American general and statesman († 1959 )
Exact date of birth unknown
- Abd al-Aziz , Sultan of the Alawids in Morocco († 1943 )
- Rasim Haşmet Akal , Turkish poet, writer and publisher († 1918 )
- Amir Adil Arslan , Syrian politician († 1954 )
- Lidia Berroeta , Chilean sculptor († 1943 )
- Georg Hoffmann , German swimmer and diver († 1947 )
- Christian Riecken , German engineer and racing car driver († 1950 )
- Emmerich Schwach , Romanian-German composer, violinist, conductor and choir director († 1959 )
- Ñico Lora , Dominican musician and composer († 1971 )
- Tsuda Seifū , Japanese painter († 1978 )
Died
First quarter
- January 4th : Anselm Feuerbach , German painter (* 1829 )
- January 6 : Joshua Norton , American businessman, self-proclaimed Emperor of the United States (* 1811 )
- January 12 : Ida Hahn-Hahn , German writer and poet (* 1805 )
- January 14th : Carl Feer-Herzog , Swiss politician, entrepreneur and railway pioneer (* 1820 )
- January 19 : Jules Favre , French politician (* 1809 )
- January 19 : James Westcott , American politician (* 1802 )
- January 24th : Friedrich Feuerbach , German philologist and philosopher (* 1806 )
- January 28 : James De Mille , Canadian professor of classical literature and writer (* 1833 )
- January 30th : Paul Devaux , Belgian statesman (* 1801 )
- February 3 : Henry Moule , British pastor and inventor (* 1801 )
- February 5 : Adolph E. Borie , American politician (* 1809 )
- February 8 : Antonio Angelèri , Italian pianist and music teacher (* 1801 )
- February 9 : Adolphe Crémieux , French lawyer, politician and journalist (* 1796 )
- February 11 : Sherlock James Andrews , American politician (* 1801 )
- February 12 : Karl von Holtei , German writer, actor, theater director and theater director (* 1798 )
- February 14 : Samuel G. Arnold , American politician (* 1821 )
- February 16 : Heinrich von Abendroth , Saxon lieutenant general and military writer (* 1819 )
- February 16 : Alexander von Villers , Austrian writer and diplomat (* 1812 )
- February 23 : Fyodor Glinka , Russian writer (* 1786 )
- February 25 : Johann Christoph Blumhardt , German pastor and Protestant theologian (* 1805 )
- February 26 : Franziska Möllinger , Swiss daguerreotypist (* 1817 )
- March 2 : Robert Latane Montague , American politician and lawyer (* 1819 )
- March 2nd : Moritz Auspitz , Austrian surgeon and surgeon (* 1803 )
- March 6 : Friedrich Harkort , German entrepreneur and politician (* 1793 )
- March 7th : Louis Thomas Jerome Auzoux , French model maker and anatomist (* 1797 )
- March 10 : Thekla Knös , Swedish author, poet and translator (* 1815 )
- March 12th : Alfred Saker , British Baptist missionary in Cameroon, village founder and Bible translator (* 1814 )
- March 15 : Johan Karel Jakob de Jonge , Dutch historian (* 1828 )
- March 20 : Joaquim Calado , Brazilian flautist and composer (* 1848 )
- March 20 : Wilhelm Philipp Schimper , Alsatian botanist and paleobotanist (* 1808 )
- March 21 : Elias David Sassoon , British-Chinese merchant and opium dealer (* 1820 )
- March 22nd : Anton von Stabel , head of government of Baden (* 1806 )
- March 23 : Gustaf Adolf Mankell , Swedish organist and composer (* 1812 )
- March 25 : Ludmilla Assing , German writer (* 1821 )
- March 25 : Marija Rozalija Auersperg Attems , Austrian flower painter (* 1816 )
- March 27 : Nils Johan Andersson , Swedish botanist (* 1821 )
- March 29 : Jacob Axel Josephson , Swedish composer (* 1818 )
- March 31 : Henryk Wieniawski , Polish violinist and composer (* 1835 )
Second quarter
- April 3 : Theodor Julius Hertel , German lawyer and mayor (* 1807 )
- April 10 : Johann Bast , German-American architect (* 1812 )
- April 13th : Johann Joachim Schlegel , German entrepreneur, founder of Schlegel Brauerei AG in Bochum (* 1821 )
- April 18 : Adolf Aronheim , German lawyer and politician (* 1818 )
- April 18 : William W. Hoppin , American politician (* 1807 )
- April 18 : Gerardus Johannes Mulder , Dutch physician, pharmacologist, chemist and is considered the discoverer of protein (* 1802 )
- April 28 : Georg Koppitsch , Austro-Hungarian master stonemason (* 1825)
- May 1 : Friedrich Adolph Mackrott , German musician (* 1811 )
- May 2 : Eberhard Anheuser , German entrepreneur and brewery owner (* 1806 )
- May 6 : Friedrich Bayer , German entrepreneur, founder of the Friedrich Bayer paint factory, today's Bayer AG (* 1825 )
- May 8 : Gustave Flaubert , French writer (* 1821 )
- May 9 : Hermann Berens , German pianist and composer (* 1826 )
- May 10 : John Goss , English organist and composer (* 1800 )
- May 13 : David Thomas Ansted , English geologist (* 1814 )
- May 20 : Axel Gustaf Adlercreutz , Swedish statesman (* 1821 )
- May 20 : Henry Stuart Foote , American politician (* 1804 )
- May 22 : Joseph Aub , German reform rabbi (* 1804 )
- May 22 : Heinrich von Gagern , German politician (* 1799 )
- May 29 : Maximilian Steiner , Austrian actor and theater director (* 1830 )
- June 3 : Marie von Hessen-Darmstadt , Tsarina of Russia (* 1824 )
- June 6 : Eugen Adam , German battle painter (* 1817 )
- June 13 : James A. Bayard , American politician (* 1799 )
- June 17 : James B. Howell , American politician (* 1816 )
- June 18 : Johann August Sutter , Californian landowner and founder of New Helvetia (* 1803 )
- June 21 : Theophilus H. Holmes , Lieutenant General of the Confederate States Army (* 1804 )
- June 23 : Adolph Zsigmondy , Austrian dentist (* 1816 )
- June 24th : Jules Antoine Lissajous , French physicist (* 1822 )
- June 27 : Karl Wilhelm Borchardt , German mathematician (* 1817 )
- June 28 : Texas Jack Omohundro , American cowboy, scout and actor (* 1846 )
- June 29 : George Willem Vreede , Dutch legal scholar and legal historian (* 1809 )
- June 30th : George Paget , British politician and general (* 1818)
Third quarter
- July 4th : Leonidas Sexton , American politician (* 1827 )
- July 6th : Johann Joseph Imhoff , German sculptor (* 1796 )
- July 9 : Paul Broca , French anthropologist and doctor (* 1824 )
- July 12 : Tom Taylor , British playwright (* 1817 )
- July 15 : Adolphe Bauty , Swiss Protestant clergyman and politician (* 1798 )
- July 22 : Johann Hermann Sanning , German-American builder (* 1812 )
- July 23 : Constantin Hering , German-American doctor, founder of homeopathy in America (* 1800 )
- July 25 : Otto Welter , German lawyer and mountaineer (* 1839 )
- July 30th : Francesco Saverio Apuzzo , Italian Archbishop and Cardinal (* 1807 )
- July 30th : Hipolit Skimborowicz , Polish author, journalist and editor (* 1815 )
- August 1st : Melchior Schlumpf , Swiss Jesuit and educator (* 1797 )
- August 6 : William Orlando Butler , American politician (* 1791 )
- August 14 : Charles Jules Labarte , French art historian (* 1797 )
- August 16 : Herschel Johnson , American politician (* 1812 )
- August 19 : Heinrich Albert Hofmann , German bookseller, publisher and theater manager (* 1818 )
- August 29 : Paul Octave Hébert , American politician (* 1818 )
- August 30 : Hermann Anschütz , German painter (* 1802 )
- August 30 : Robert McClelland , American politician (* 1807 )
- September 3 : Wilhelm Westmeyer , German composer and pianist (* 1829 )
- September 4 : Hans Heinrich Ryffel , Swiss entrepreneur and politician (* 1804)
- September 6 : Edwin Oppler , German architect (* 1831 )
- September 10 : Gustavus Adolphus Henry , American politician (* 1804 )
- September 12 : Bushrod Rust Johnson , officer in the US Army, professor and major general in the Confederate Army (* 1817 )
- September 19 : Lafayette Sabine Foster , American politician (* 1806 )
Fourth Quarter
- October 5 : William Lassell , British astronomer (* 1799 )
- October 5 : Jacques Offenbach , German-French composer (* 1819 )
- October 8 : Magnus Brostrup Landstad , Norwegian pastor and poet (* 1802 )
- October 13 : Peleg Sprague , American lawyer and politician (* 1793 )
- October 16 : Edouard Wolff , Polish pianist and composer (* 1816 )
- October 19 : Hermann von Schmid , German writer (* 1815 )
- October 28 : Édouard Séguin , French doctor and educator (* 1812 )
- November 1st : Albert von Rheinbaben , Prussian general of the cavalry (* 1813 )
- November 6 : Estanislao del Campo , Argentine poet and journalist (* 1834 )
- November 8 : Andreas Peter Berggreen , Danish composer (* 1801 )
- November 8 : Edwin L. Drake , American oil prospector (* 1819 )
- November 8 : Leonhard Spengel , German classical philologist (* 1803 )
- November 11th : Ned Kelly , Australian mugger (* 1855 )
- November 11th : Lucretia Mott , American abolitionist and suffragette (* 1793 )
- November 19 : Bernard ter Haar , Dutch Reformed theologian, church historian and poet (* 1806 )
- November 23 : James Craig Watson , American astronomer (* 1838 )
- November 24th : Napoléon-Henri Reber , French composer (* 1807 )
- November 27 : William Saurin Lyster , Australian opera impresario (* 1828 )
- December 13 : Martin Gropius , German architect (* 1824 )
- December 13 : John Stenhouse , Scottish chemist (* 1809 )
- December 19 : Maximilian Heinrich Rüder , German lawyer and politician (* 1808 )
- December 21 : Amos Tappan Akerman , American lawyer and politician (* 1821 )
- December 22nd : George Eliot , pseudonym of the English writer Mary Ann Evans (* 1819 )
- December 24th : Johann Heinrich Gottlieb Luden , German legal scholar (* 1810 )
- December 25th : Fridolin Anderwert , Swiss politician (* 1828 )
- December 27 : Alessandro Nini , Italian composer (* 1805 )
- December 31 : Arnold Ruge , German writer (* 1802 )
Exact date of death unknown
- Erhard Ackermann , German stonemason (* 1813 )
- Georg Michael Gramlich , Hanseatic merchant and consul (* 1795 )
- Auguste Charpentier , French painter (* 1813 )
Web links
Commons : 1880 - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files
