Edwin Oppler

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Edwin Oppler

Edwin Oppler (born June 18, 1831 in Oels ( Lower Silesia ), † September 6, 1880 in Hanover ) was a German architect . He is considered the most important Jewish architect in Germany in the 19th century and was one of the main representatives of the neo-Gothic Hanover architecture school . The French architect and “Gothic” Eugène Viollet-le-Duc was one of his models . The neo-Gothic architecture of the Kingdom of Hanover was very much shaped by the family ties of the Guelphs to England.

Life

Edwin Oppler was born as the second son of the Jewish wine merchant Saloh Oppler and his wife Minna, née Seldis. Little is known about his youth; it is possible that he attended primary school in Oels from 1837 to 1840, and then the school in Breslau . In 1849 he went to Hanover, where he studied at the Polytechnic School with Conrad Wilhelm Hase until 1854 , whose pupil and employee he became. An apprenticeship as a carpenter followed. From 1856 a member of the Hanover Architects and Engineers Association , Oppler went from 1856 to 1860 initially to Brussels and Paris, where he worked in the offices of v. Hoffmann and Massenot, the glass painter Eugène-Stanislas Oudinot and above all with the architect Viollet-le-Duc in Paris, and where he also worked on the restoration of the Notre-Dame Cathedral and thus gained knowledge of Gothic architecture. From 1861 he was a freelance architect in Hanover. In 1866 he married Ella Cohen, daughter of the Royal Medical Councilor Hermann Cohen. The painter and etcher Ernst Oppler (1867–1929), the sculptor Alexander Oppler (1869–1937), the doctor Berthold Oppler (1871–1943) and the lawyer Siegmund Oppler (1873–1942) were her sons.

Oppler was quickly recognized by his numerous residential buildings, villas and commercial buildings designed for noble and bourgeois clients, especially in Hanover, but also by the synagogue of the Hanover Jewish community in Calenberger Neustadt , by the cemetery complex of the Jewish cemetery at An der Strangriede (Hanover- Nordstadt) and finally the interior construction of Marienburg Castle near Nordstemmen south of Hanover. In 1866 he was appointed building officer. From 1872 to 1878 he published the magazine Die Kunst im Gewerbe , and in 1872 Ferdinand Schorbach became a partner in Oppler's architectural office.

Only a few buildings by Edwin Oppler have been preserved in Hanover, for which the bombings of the city during the Second World War in 1943/44 are mainly responsible. His main work was the great synagogue in Hanover, which Theodor Unger called "the pearl of Hanover architecture". During the November pogroms 1938 she was on 9/10. Destroyed November 1938.

Edwin Oppler is buried in his wife's Cohen family grave in the Jewish cemetery on Strangriede in Hanover.

plant

Hanover synagogue, 1863–70
Hagerhof Castle, Bad Honnef , 1865–67
Design for a synagogue in Munich, around 1872
Halberg Castle, 1877–80
Braunfels Castle, rebuilt after 1880

(incomplete, mostly based on Kokkelink 1998, pp. 554–555)

See also

literature

Biographical

To the work

  • Theodor Unger (Red.): Hanover. Guide through the city and its buildings. Commemorative publication for the fifth general assembly of the Association of German Architects and Engineers Associations. Klindworth, Hannover 1882, pp. 139–150. 190-193.
  • Harold Hammer-Schenk : Edwin Oppler's theory of synagogue construction. Attempts at emancipation through architecture. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter. New Series, Volume 33, 1979, pp. 99-117.
  • Günther Kokkelink , Monika Lemke-Kokkelink : Architecture in Northern Germany. Architecture and handicrafts of the Hanover School 1850–1900. Schlueter, Hannover 1998, ISBN 3-87706-538-4 , p. 554 f.

Archival material

Archives by and about Edwin Oppler can be found, for example

Web links

Commons : Edwin Oppler  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Peter Schulze: Oppler, (2) Edwin in: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 276f.
  2. ^ Arno Herzig : Jewish history in Germany. From the beginnings to the present (= Beck'sche Reihe , Volume 1196), 2nd, reviewed and updated edition of the original edition, Munich: CH Beck Verlag, 2002, ISBN 978-3-406-47637-2 and ISBN 3 -406-47637-6 , p. 179; limited preview in Google Book search
  3. ↑ Peter Eilitz: Life and work of the royal. Hanoverian building councilor Edwin Oppler. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter Neue Reihe, Volume 25, 1971, pp. 127-310 (sw. Illustrations from p. 265); limited preview in Google Book search
  4. ↑ John F. Oppenheimer (Red.) And a .: Lexicon of Judaism. 2nd Edition. Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag, Gütersloh u. a. 1971, ISBN 3-570-05964-2 , col. 600;
    Jochen Bruns: Ernst Oppler (1867-1929). Life and work. LIT, Münster 1993, p. 5, 160.
  5. ↑ Hans Otte : Never forget! Hanover's destroyed synagogue and its memorial in the Red Row. Changed new edition, information and press office of the Evangelical Lutheran. Regional Church of Hanover, Hanover 2003; Synagogues in Germany. A virtual reconstruction. Art and Exhibition Hall of the Federal Republic of Germany, Bonn 2000. (This also includes the synagogue in Hanover by Edwin Oppler); Synagogues in Germany: A virtual reconstruction (Bundeskunsthalle), here also Oppler's synagogue in Hanover ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ Werner Wagener: He could not complete his work. The architectural controversy between Hase and Oppler during the construction of Marienburg in 1864. Hase - the real creator. In: Hildesheimer Heimat-Kalender 2000. Gebrüder Gerstenberg, Hildesheim 2000, pp. 110–114;
    Isabel Maria Arends: Gothic dreams. Edwin Oppler's spatial art at Marienburg Castle (= Hanoverian Studies . Volume 11). Hanover 2006, ISBN 3-7752-4961-3 .
  7. ^ Doris Böker: Hanseatic City of Lüneburg with Lüne Monastery. (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany , architectural monuments in Lower Saxony. Volume 22, 1). Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-86568-563-6 (on the enclosed CD-ROM).
  8. ^ History of Breslau: New Synagogue by Edwin Oppler ( Memento from July 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ^ Wolfgang Brönner : The Villa Cahn in Bonn-Plittersdorf. A "German house" on the Rhine. History, architecture, furnishings, art collection (= contributions to the architectural and art monuments in the Rhineland. Volume 31.) JP Bachem, Cologne 1991, ISBN 3-7616-1001-7 .
  10. ↑ According to Eilitz, p. 195 the planning took place in 1870/1871, the execution in 1871/1872.
  11. ↑ Martina Conrad: Halberg Castle (= Saarland architectural monuments. Volume 2). Published by the Ludwigskirche Association for the Protection of Saarland Cultural Monuments e. V., Saarbrücken 1985.
  12. ↑ Article on the synagogue in Hameln .
  13. ↑ Saskia Rohde: Under the sign of the Hanover architecture school: The architect Edwin Oppler (1831–1880) and his Silesian buildings. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter . New series Volume 54, pp. 67-86; here: p. 68.
personal data
SURNAME Oppler, Edwin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect
DATE OF BIRTH June 18, 1831
PLACE OF BIRTH Oels near Breslau
DATE OF DEATH September 6, 1880
Place of death Hanover