Halberg Castle

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Halberg Castle before 1945, garden facade

Halberg Castle is a historicist- style castle built between 1877 and 1880 on the Halberg near Saarbrücken . The castle is located in the area of ​​the former community of Brebach, which merged with Fechingen to Brebach-Fechingen in 1959 and was incorporated into Saarbrücken in 1974. The palace complex, which was designed by the architects Edwin Oppler and Ferdinand Schorbach for Carl Ferdinand von Stumm-Halberg , is the second largest neo-Gothic secular building in Saarland after the St. Johann town hall , despite renovations and partial demolitions in the period after the Second World War .

history

Baroque pleasure palace Monplaisir

At the beginning of the 18th century (1709–1711), Count Ludwig Kraft von Nassau-Saarbrücken had a small pleasure palace built on the Halberg named "Monplaisir" based on the plans of the Saarlouis fortress builder Joseph C. Motte dit la Bonté. The work was carried out by Jeremie Borel, a stonemason and building contractor from Couvette near Geneva , and by Paul Bucklisch, a master carpenter from Neusaar Werden . In 1710 the baroque gardens were provided with a castle wall, in 1711 the interior of the pleasure palace was completed. Prince Wilhelm Heinrich von Nassau-Saarbrücken had the gardens expanded and a zoo laid out. During the reign of Prince Ludwig , his court gardener Johann Friedrich Christian Koellner (father of the Malstatter pastor and Saarbrücken mayor Johann Friedrich Köllner ) expanded the baroque garden to include an English landscape park with an orangery and Chinese houses in the style of the Chinoiserie in 1772/1773 . In the years 1788/1789, architect Balthasar Wilhelm Stengel added a pheasantry and a finch house at the foot of the Halberg to the ensemble .

The castle building consisted of a small five-axis structure with a mansard roof and two single-storey cavalier houses in front of it .

From 1774 Monplaisir Castle was the preferred residence of Saarbrücken Princess Wilhelmine von Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1751–1780), who had made life at court unbearable for her husband (including Frederike Amalie Freifrau von Dorsberg and Katharina Kest ).

Baron Adolph Knigge describes the complex shortly before its destruction in a letter on May 6, 1792:

“On the Hallberg, a somewhat considerable hill about three quarters of an hour away from the city, stands the pleasure palace Mon Plaisir. The layouts that have been made here are of a different taste, and here and there more regular, as on the Ludwigsberg. One side of the hill is planted with vines, more in order to give the court a pleasant festival in autumn, which represents a grape harvest, as if with the earnest intention of making drinkable wine here. The road embankment that leads to the top of the hill is lined with lampposts on both sides. The castle is small but nicely furnished. The philanthropic prince had an inscription placed over a fireplace in the dining room, of which I only kept the last, inviting line: Je veux que mon plaisir soit le plaisir des autres. "

In November 1793 the palace buildings were destroyed by French revolutionary troops. In 1991 an archaeological excavation of the northern cavalier's house took place, the remains of which were, however, covered with earth again after the research was completed.

Halberg Castle

Acquisition of the Halberg by Carl Ferdinand Stumm

Carl Ferdinand Stumm

In the 19th century, the Halberg developed into a popular excursion destination for the citizens of Saarbrücken and St. Johann . When it became known in 1875 that the royal Prussian forest administration in Trier wanted to sell Halberg to the smeltery entrepreneur Carl Ferdinand Stumm from Neunkirchen , this news caused anger in Saarbrücken and St. Johann. The Halberg was already open to the citizens in the days of the Saarbrücken princes, and even after the castle was destroyed, the residents of the area used the area for excursions and celebrations. An urban beautification association had set itself the goal of converting the Halberg and the Malstatter Ludwigsberg into public amusement parks.

However, a letter of objection from the two Saar cities to the Ministry of Finance in Berlin was unsuccessful, and so the Halberg with all meadow and forest areas was bought in 1877 (700,000 marks) into the property of Carl Ferdinand Stumm, who in the same year was building councilor Edwin Oppler from Hanover commissioned to build a new castle.

Neo-Gothic castle project

Halberg Castle, entrance side
Halberg Castle, gate building, entrance side

Carl Ferdinand Stumm had become very prosperous as a partner in the Stumm brothers and, in the years 1877–1880, competed with his brothers Ferdinand Eduard von Stumm and Hugo Rudolf von Stumm , who also had magnificent castles built in the style of historicism ( Schloss Rauischholzhausen and Ramholz Palace ), a neo-Gothic palace based on Edwin Oppler's designs. When Oppler died in September 1880, most of the construction work was complete.

Landscape park

The landscaped park surrounding the neo-Gothic castle was designed by the royal Prussian gardening director Eduard Neide . It was carried out by the Frankfurt garden architect Heinrich Siesmayer , who also designed the park for Ferdinand Eduard von Stumm 's Rauischholzhausen Palace . Siesmayer and his brother ran the then well-known horticultural company Gebr. Siesmayer in Frankfurt and designed, among other things, the palm garden there and the spa facilities in Bad Nauheim . Sweet chestnuts and maple trees on the Halberg still bear witness to the earlier park planting. On the terrace of the castle and around the deer meadow you can also find sequoia trees , red beeches , Douglas firs and hemlocks as well as various yew , thuja and cypress species , which were part of typical park vegetation in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Noble estate Halberg Castle

Carl Ferdinand Stumm and his brothers were ennobled in 1888, with the new title of nobility linked to ownership of the goods. From 1888 onwards, Carl Ferdinand's family name was von Stumm-Halberg. As a guest of Baron von Stumm-Halberg, the Prussian King and German Emperor Wilhelm II stayed at Halberg Castle in 1892 .

Mute Church

The so-called Protestant Stumm Church in the Saarbrücken district of Brebach-Fechingen is related to the neo-Gothic palace complex on the Halberg . The neo-Romanesque church, which has been profane since the 1970s, was commissioned by Carl Ferdinand von Stumm-Halberg between 1880 and 1882 based on a design by the Hanoverian architect Ferdinand Schorbach (1846-1912) and inaugurated on June 18, 1882. Schorbach had submitted both a neo-Gothic and a neo-Romanesque draft to Stumm. Finally, Stumm opted for neo-Romanesque. Schorbach had been Edwin Oppler's employee and had already worked on the plans for Halberg Castle. The north entrance of the church was laid out especially for the Stumm family, as they came from Halberg Castle for Sunday services by carriage. Based on the model of the Stumm Church, Carl Ferdinand von Stumm-Halberg had the Neo-Romanesque St. Mary's Church built by the architect Schorbach in the years 1884–1885 .

Purchase by Großdeutscher Rundfunk and military use

With the death of the builder Carl Ferdinand Stumm in 1901, the castle became the property of his heirs (the widow Ida Charlotte Böcking (1839–1918) and the four daughters Ida Henriette Charlotte (1861–1916), Elisabeth Maria (1863–1911) , Helene Karoline (1865-1933) and Bertha Hedwig (1876-1949)).

The ownership on the Halberg passed from the heirs of Stumm to the district of Saarbrücken and in 1939 for 538,000 Reichsmarks from the district of Saarbrücken to the Großdeutscher Rundfunk . During the Second World War, Halberg Palace served military purposes until the end of the war in 1945, including as the command post of the Saarbrücken anti-aircraft gun regiment.

Residence of the French occupation forces

In the years 1948–1952, the French military governor or high commissioner Gilbert Grandval resided in the castle. In 1952, the French customs administration replaced Grandval as landlord. During this time, massive interventions were made in the historic building complex, which was further damaged by a fire in 1958.

Purchase by the Saarländischer Rundfunk

In 1959 the Saarländischer Rundfunk acquired the building complex. Up to 1969 numerous new buildings in the pavilion style for the transmitter systems of the radio house Halberg were built according to the plans of the architects Heinz Eber ( Baden-Baden ) and Ernst Jung ( Karlsruhe ). The outbuildings of the old castle were also torn down. So today only part of the historical building fabric is preserved. Parts of Heinrich Siesmayer's former landscape park are now covered by parking lots. In the castle there is a restaurant next to the directorate.

architecture

  • Halberg Castle

  • Edwin Oppler: Halberg Castle, facade of the gate building (Hanover State Archives, Oppler estate)

  • Edwin Oppler: Halberg Castle, floor plan of the gate building (Hanover State Archives, Oppler estate)

  • Edwin Oppler: Halberg Castle, three-winged stable and coach house with a water tower (State Archive Hanover, Oppler estate), demolished for the benefit of the new conference building of the Saarland Broadcasting Corporation in 1969

  • Edwin Oppler: Halberg Castle, entrance facade (Hanover State Archives, Oppler estate)

  • Edwin Oppler: Halberg Castle, garden side with original wooden pergola (State Archives Hanover, Oppler estate)

  • Edwin Oppler: Halberg Castle, ground floor plan (Hanover State Archives, Oppler estate)

  • Edwin Oppler: Halberg Castle, entrance hall (Hanover State Archives, Oppler estate)

  • Edwin Oppler: Halberg Castle, dining room, chimney wall (Hanover State Archives, Oppler estate)

Servant houses

The approach to Halberg Castle is the same as to the former baroque pleasure palace Monplaisir. The first building in the palace complex that one encounters when coming from the foot of the Halberg is the former gardener's house. When designing the house with a cross-shaped floor plan made of natural stone on the ground floor and half-timbered in the attic, the architects Oppler and Schorbach based themselves on the old house in Bacharach am Rhein. The former civil servants' residence next to it is built entirely of sandstone. The original loggia is missing and the house has lost a lot of its architectural value due to large window openings. A planned forester's house and another servant house were not realized.

Stables, coach house, water tower

The three-winged stable and coach house with a picturesque sandstone water tower (ground floor) and half-timbered (gable and tower upper floor) was demolished in 1969 in favor of a new conference hall for the Saarland Broadcasting Corporation. Orangery, greenhouses and vegetable gardens no longer exist either.

Gatehouse

The sandstone gatehouse is located exactly in the axis of the castle driveway. The middle passage is reinforced by buttresses in the basement. Above this is another floor, which is crowned by a steep roof. The original dormer, the ridge grilles, the chimney and the weather vanes are missing today. At the side there are narrow pedestrian passageways, each flanked by mirror-inverted residential buildings with high gables and stair towers. The building parts jump back and forth in the depths to create a picturesque effect.

Castle building

The actual castle building (60 m × 17 m) is at right angles to the gate. The facade was made of yellow Jaumont stone from Maizières near Metz . The building is divided into a high, two-story main building with an attic and a lower extension. The entrance facade of the main building is divided into five. Three parts of the building protrude, two parts in between, each with two and five axes, jump back. The center of the main building is emphasized by a risalit with a pointed gable extending to the roof ridge . The entrance here is accentuated by a two-axis, ribbed porch with buttresses and the arbor above . On the first floor, three French windows open to the arbor, which are combined by overlapping pointed arches. In the gable field, the attic storey of the neighboring facade parts is transformed into a full storey with two neighboring twin windows and a smaller twin window above.

The building reserves flanking the entrance plan are divided into two floors above a base by a cornice. A kinking strip of cornice wraps around the rectangular windows. The attic zone rises above a console frieze. Here lucars lead over double windows into the attic with blind pointed arches. The southeastern tower tower only begins to protrude over a mezzanine. A large three-lane window is covered by a dazzling pointed arch. The square floor plan is transformed into an octagon in the roof zone . The northeastern end of the courtyard of the main building is a fortified acting round tower with a cantilevered Machicolation -Fries upstairs. The roof of the main wing forms a uniform ridge height despite the moving facade. The north-west facade of the main wing is framed by two corner towers and accented in the middle by a risalite with a high gable. The ground plan of the main building was given because the builder Carl Ferdinand von Stumm wanted a large, straight central corridor that could be used as an additional table room for the invited officials at parties. A large kitchen on the ground floor with a kitchen courtyard for ventilation should serve to serve the food quickly.

A small single-storey building wing with an attic storey and a high pitched roof connects to the main wing, which connects as a joint to a further extension. In this extension, the center is emphasized by a protruding risalite. Pointed-arched brick relief arches over the windows and the diaphragm of the risalits form the facade here.

The present garden facade of the palace was largely stripped of its neo-Gothic ornamentation after the Second World War by the French military governor Gilbert Grandval and his wife Yvonne, who were staunch opponents of neo-Gothic. The facade is three-story and has single-story porches. The former mighty main tower of the garden facade with its original flat bay porch , high slated roof and picturesque corner turrets ends today abruptly above the second floor. The original picturesque ridge bars and dormers are missing today. In place of today's restaurant there was initially a wooden pergola , which was replaced in the 1890s by a richly designed, two-part stone building with tracery crowning in the eaves area.

The terrace of the neo-Gothic palace is an extension of the former baroque terrace of the Monplaisir pleasure palace. The castle's rich historicist interior was completely destroyed in the 1950s. The palace's common rooms were originally located on the garden side. The utility and service rooms were arranged on the courtyard side. In the main floor , the family was staying silent. The attic floor was reserved for guests and service personnel.

Family cemetery

The Stumm family cemetery on the access road to Halberg with the graves of the Stumm family was desecrated at the end of the 20th century and all cast-iron grave crosses were stolen. In 2004 the cemetery was renovated.

literature

  • Ingrid Berndt: Halberg history tour. 4th, updated edition, Saarbrücken 2011.
  • Hans Bünte among other things: History and stories of the station on the Saar. 50 years of Saarland broadcasting. (Ed. by Axel Buchholz and Fritz Raff) Freiburg 2007.
  • Hans Bünte: A castle for the hut king. How the entrepreneur Stumm bought the Halberg. In: OPUS, Kulturmagazin Saarland, Rhineland-Palatinate, Lothringen, Luxembourg, Rhein-Main, Rhein-Neckar , No. 46 (2014), p. 102 f.
  • Paul Burgard: The castles of Monsieur Grandval. Part 1: The metamorphoses of the Halberg. In: Historical Association for the Saar Region e. V., State Association of the Historical-Cultural Associations of Saarland e. V. (Ed.): Saargeschichten , 4th year 2016, issue 45, pp. 20–35.
  • Ludwigskirche Association for the Protection of Cultural Monuments in the Saarland V. (Ed.), Martina Conrad: Halberg Castle. (= Saarland monuments , volume 2.) Saarbrücken 1985.
  • Marlen Dittmann: When monument protectors argue about a loggia. For the renovation of Halberg Castle in Saarbrücken. In: Saarbrücker Zeitung , No. 129 from 5./6. June 1993, p. 31.
  • Peter Eilitz: Life and work of the royal Hanoverian building adviser Edwin Oppler. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter, New Series , Volume 25, Hanover 1971.
  • Edwin Oppler: Lecture by building councilor Opplers about Halberg Castle. In: St. Johanner Zeitung , No. 116 from May 19, 1878.
  • Armin Schmitt: Monuments of Saarland industrial culture. Signpost to Industriestrasse SaarLorLux. Völklingen 1995.
  • JA Schmitt, Christof Trepesch: The gardens on the Halberg in the 19th and early 20th centuries. In: The garden art in Saarbrücken. (Catalog for the exhibition in the old collection of the Saarland Museum June 20 - August 29, 1999) Worms 1999.

Web links

Commons : Schloss Halberg  - collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Walter Zimmermann: Die Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt und der Landkreis Saarbrücken, 2nd edition, Saarbrücken 1975, p. 220.
  2. ^ Adolf Freiherr von Knigge: Letters from Lorraine . In: Messages of the historical association for the Saar area . Issue 7, 1900, pp. 239-248 (here p. 245).
  3. ^ Josef Baulig, Claudia Stoll, Christof Trepesch: The former Monplaisir residence on the Halberg in Saarbrücken. Report on the building research measure 1991. In: Journal for the history of the Saar region 42, 1994, pp. 115-189, ISSN 0513-9058.
  4. ↑ Saarbrücken City Archives, No. 1771, St. Johann.
  5. ↑ Saarbrücken City Archives, No. 1067, Alt-Saarbrücken
  6. ↑ Isabel Maria Arends: "Gothische Träume" - Edwin Oppler's spatial art at Marienburg Castle. (= Hannoversche Studien, series of publications by the Hannover City Archives. Vol. 11). Hannover 2005, ISBN 3-7752-4961-3 , p. 330.
  7. ↑ Michael Imhof: Historistisches Fachwerk, On the history of architecture in the 19th century in Germany, Great Britain (Old English Style), France, Austria, Switzerland and the USA. Bamberg 1996, pp. 304-305.
  8. ↑ H. Geitner, executed gardens by E. Neide, pages (7) and (8), panel VIII [1]
  9. ^ Halberg Castle. (No longer available online.) In: Land & People. SR online, October 15, 2013, archived from the original on July 12, 2015 ; accessed on July 13, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sr-online.de
  10. ↑ Kristine Marschall: Sacral Buildings of Classicism and Historicism in Saarland, (publications by the Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland, vol. 40), Saarbrücken 2002, pp. 211–212 and p. 438.
  11. ^ Hans-Walter Herrmann: Das Saarrevier between the founding of the empire and the end of the war , (= Volume 18 of the publications for the Commission for Saarland State History and Folk Research, Commission for Saarland State History and Folk Research), Saarbrücken 1990, p. 87.
  12. ↑ Peter Eilitz: Life and Work of the Royal Hanoverian Building Councilor Edwin Oppler, in: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter 1971, pp. 131-310, here p. 143.
  13. ↑ Michael Imhof: Historistisches Fachwerk, On the history of architecture in the 19th century in Germany, Great Britain (Old English Style), France, Austria, Switzerland and the USA, Bamberg 1996, p. 313.
  14. ^ Peter Burg: Stumm family (1669–1901), ironworks entrepreneur. In: Portal Rhenish History. LVR, accessed July 13, 2015 .
  15. ↑ Report of the Saarländischer Rundfunk from 1961 on the construction work on the Halberg radio station: http://sr-mediathek.sr-online.de/index.php?seite=7&id=43609 , accessed on November 23, 2016.
  16. ^ Martina Conrad, Ludwigskirche Association for the Protection of Saarland Cultural Monuments e. V. (Ed.): Halberg Castle. (Saarland monuments 2), Saarbrücken 1985.
  17. ^ Martina Conrad, Ludwigskirche Association for the Protection of Saarland Cultural Monuments e. V. (Ed.): Halberg Castle. (Saarländische Baudenkmäler 2), Saarbrücken 1985, pp. 7-15.
  18. ↑ Threatened witness the Saar history . Saarbrücker Zeitung , local section of December 23, 2004. Online archive of the Saarbrücker Zeitung.

Coordinates: 49 ° 13 ′ 21 ″  N , 7 ° 1 ′ 56 ″  E