Old Saarbrücken
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Old Saarbrücken is a district of Saarbrücken . The Saarbrücken castle settlement was elevated to a town in 1322. On April 1, 1909, the municipality of Saarbrücken was united with the previously independent neighboring cities of St. Johann an der Saar and Malstatt-Burbach to form a city with the common name Saarbrücken . In order to differentiate the original Saarbrücken urban area from the newly founded city of Saarbrücken, it is now called Old Saarbrücken . Today the seat of the municipality of Saarbrücken is St. Johann. The administrative headquarters of the Saarbrücken regional association is located in Alt- Saarbrücken .
history
middle Ages
Saarbrücken arose without any recognizable continuity to the Gallo-Roman settlements of the Saar Valley. The castle, which was built on the left steep slope of the Saar, probably around the year 850, was named in a deed of donation by Emperor Otto III. on April 14, 999 first mentioned as the royal castle "castellum Sarabrucca", which was given to the Metz bishop Adalbero II . King Heinrich IV confirmed in a document dated April 3, 1065 that Saarbrücken Castle was awarded to the Bishop of Metz, Adalbero III. from Luxembourg . After the temporary possession of Duke Friedrich of Lower Lorraine , the Saarbrücken castle was restituted to the Bishop of Metz in 1065 . Towards the end of the 11th century, probably in the period 1085/1088, probably the Metz bishop Bruno von Calw enfeoffed the Saargaugrafen with the Saarbrücken castle. Since the year 1118 and 1123 the Saargaugrafen named themselves after the castle " Counts of Saarbrücken ". The oldest settlement was south of the side of the castle facing away from the Saar in the so-called "valley". On the orders of Emperor Friedrich I ("Barbarossa") , the Saarbrücken castle was partially destroyed in 1168. A reason for this measure is still unknown. Then the castle complex was rebuilt and after 1171 a small settlement with a ladder-like floor plan was created west of the castle at the same height as this, in which castle men, traders and people seeking protection settled.
Saarbrücken soon became the capital of the county and developed into the largest territorial city between Kaiserslautern , Trier , Metz and Saarburg in Lorraine . Saarbrücken was favored by its location at the intersection of a road from Île-de-France via Verdun- Metz to the Upper Rhine and further into the Rhine-Main triangle with the trade route from Upper Italy to Flanders through the Saar Valley, which has been frequented since the end of the 13th century ( Flandrisch-Lampartische Strasse).
In 1227 by Simon III. the German Order Coming St. Elisabeth was founded, which received charitable tasks and limited jurisdiction and gained considerable prestige and influence in the following generations. The chapel, built in the 13th century as an infirmary, is considered to be the oldest still existing medieval building in Saarbrücken.
Around 1250–1270 the Saar crossing was moved from St. Arnual to today's city center. A ferry connection between Saarbrücken and the neighboring settlement of St. Johann ensured transport from bank to bank. The opening of the Gotthard Pass after 1220 led to an increase in south-north trade, which took an important route via Saarbrücken.
After 1261, construction of the St. Nicholas chapel began on the site of today's castle church .
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In 1322, Count Johann I von Saarbrücken-Commercy granted Saarbrücken (today's district of Alt-Saarbrücken) and St. Johann city rights in a letter of freedom . Urban functions are evidenced by the mention of the city fortifications in 1227, the Lombard moneylenders established in the town for 1271 , the organization of Saarbrücken craftsmen in guilds before 1412 and the holding of initially one and since the early 15th century four annual fairs .
During the entire Middle Ages Saarbrücken was not a separate parish, but was looked after by the St. Arnual Abbey , which was three kilometers up the Saar.
In 1353 Saarbrücken fell to the House of Nassau (Walramische Line), who owned the city and county until the French Revolution and the Congress of Vienna . In 1398, King Wenzel the Lazy granted the right to mint to the Saarbrücken Count Philip I of Nassau-Saarbrücken-Weilburg . The Saarbrücken craftsmen organized themselves into guilds before 1412 . The Saarbrücken Countess Elisabeth von Lothringen pioneered the prose novel in early New High German in the first half of the 15th century . Around 1437 she arranged for the translation and editing of four French courtly novels ( Chanson de geste ): " Herpin ", "Sibille", "Loher and Maller" and " Huge Scheppel ".
In 1459 the castle was re-fortified by Count Johann III. started and the castle chapel was relocated in the following years. From the year 1462, the Saarbrücken city court had its own seal. This seal is still part of the Saarbrücken city arms. From around 1470–1480, the old Nikolauskapelle in Saarbrücken was replaced by today's late Gothic castle church. Probably at the instigation of Emperor Charles V , the construction of today's Old Bridge over the Saar was started by Count Philip II in the years 1546–1548. From this time on, Reformation ideas began to spread in the county of Saarbrücken, starting with the St. Arnual Collegiate Foundation, which was dissolved in 1569.
Reformation and early modern times
In 1574 the County of Nassau-Saarbrücken fell to Count Philip III by inheritance . who introduced the Reformation according to the Lutheran creed . In 1577, construction of the count's summer house on the castle wall above the Saar began in the castle area. The medieval castle was transformed into a renaissance castle in the years 1602–1617 by the master builder Kempter von Vic . Today's Ludwigsgymnasium was founded in 1604. The Sankt Arnual Abbey already had an abbey school in 1223. After the dissolution of the monastery in 1569 and the introduction of the Reformation in 1575, Philip III formed. from Nassau-Saarbrücken it became a Latin school in the 16th century . In 1604, Count Ludwig II of Nassau-Saarbrücken finally founded a high school as an educational center for Nassau-Saarbrücken , which was financed by the income of the St. Arnual Abbey.
Thirty Years' War
In the Thirty Years' War Saarbrücken was devastated. In 1627 there was the first serious war raid in the county. The count's family fled to Metz in 1635. Further decimated by the outbreak of the plague, only 70 people lived in the destroyed city in 1637.
Destruction in the Franco-Dutch War
The French King Louis XIV had Saarbrücken burned down in the Franco-Dutch War in 1677 ; The entire city was destroyed except for eight houses. As a result of this war, Saarbrücken was annexed to the Kingdom of France in 1680, but returned to the Holy Roman Empire in the Peace of Rijswijk in 1697.
Prosperity phase in the 18th century
After Wilhelm Heinrich came to power in 1741, the city experienced an unprecedented economic boom, coal mines were nationalized and iron smelters were established. In addition, the baroque residential palace Saarbrücken , built by Friedrich Joachim Stengel, and numerous other buildings were built that transformed Saarbrücken into a closed baroque city with numerous lines of sight and baroque streets. In 1775 the Ludwigskirche , one of the most important baroque buildings in Germany and a symbol of the city of Saarbrücken, was completed. The erection of the Saarkranen in 1762 documented the upswing of the Saarbrücken merchants. Under the rule of Prince Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken , the princely residence, the Saarbrücken Castle, was further expanded.
French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon
In 1792 the city was occupied by French revolutionary troops who looted and occupied the baroque palace. In the ensuing battles with the Prussian federal troops, in whose ranks the Hereditary Prince Heinrich also served as an officer, the castle caught fire in 1793 and was partially destroyed. The princely family had previously fled to the area on the right bank of the Rhine. Through the Peace of Campo Formio in 1797 and the Peace Treaty of Lunéville in 1801, Saarbrücken came under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte to France . As early as 1798, Saarbrücken and the neighboring town of St. Johann were incorporated into the French Département de la Sarre and the city administration (Mairie) was redesigned according to the French model.
Transfer to the Kingdom of Prussia
After Napoleon Bonaparte had been forced to abdicate, was with the Bourbon Louis XVIII. the first Treaty of Paris concluded on May 31, 1814, according to which France was restricted to the state borders of 1792. The exception was the city of Saarbrücken, which was to remain with France. After Napoleon's return and his final defeat at Waterloo on June 18, 1815, as well as his exile on the island of St. Helena , Saarbrücken was separated from France again in the Second Peace of Paris and handed over to the Kingdom of Prussia ( Rhine Province ). Several petitions from merchants from Saarbrücken and St. Johann and a signature campaign under the leadership of Saarbrücken Mayor Heinrich Böcking , which aimed to join the Saarorte to the Kingdom of Prussia , played a not insignificant role. On November 30, 1815, the Prussian government officially took possession of Saarbrücken on behalf of King Friedrich Wilhelm III in the Ludwigskirche in Saarbrücken . The Saarbrücken mayor's office was established in the Saarbrücken area with the municipalities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann and the rural municipalities of Malstatt , Burbach , Brebach and Rußhütte . Saarbrücken became the seat of a district within the Trier administrative district of the Grand Duchy of Lower Rhine province , which was added to the Rhine province in 1822. A mining authority was set up to manage the state coal mines in the area. The Saarbrücken Regional Court was founded in 1835. Various civic associations took part in petitions and demonstrations in the context of the revolution of 1848 . Democratically minded officials were reprimanded by the Prussian authoritative state.
Industrial boom
With the construction of the train station in St. Johann in the years 1850–1852 and the resulting connection to the German and French railway network, far-reaching economic growth was initiated. With the completion of the Saar-Kohlen Canal in 1866, Saarbrücken was connected to the French waterway network.
Franco-German War
At the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War , in August 1870, the Battle of Spichern took place directly on the city limits, which involved great losses for both sides . In the town hall of Saarbrücken, today's Old Town Hall , a patriotic memorial was set up with the Saarbrücken town hall cycle Anton von Werner in memory of the war events. The Winterberg Monument was also erected.
Saarbrücken in the German Empire
Rapid population growth began in the city, which is characterized by industrial companies. In 1897 St. Arnual was incorporated into Saarbrücken. By a contract dated December 5, 1908, the independent cities of Saarbrücken, St. Johann ad Saar and Malstatt - Burbach were united with effect from April 1, 1909 to form a city with the name Saarbrücken . The previous city of Saarbrücken has been called Alt-Saarbrücken since then. The new city of Saarbrücken had around 105,000 inhabitants when it was founded, making it the fifth largest German city on the left bank of the Rhine . At the same time, the city of Saarbrücken left the Saarbrücken district and became an independent city . In 1899 Saarbrücken was connected to the Sankt Johann tram network.
Second World War and Reconstruction
In World War II Saarbrücken was bombed nationwide. Only a few historical buildings were completely reconstructed in the post-war period. In 1965 the Saarbrücken tram network was taken out of service. In December 1963, the city motorway built on the banks of the Saar was opened, to which numerous buildings on the banks of the Saar that had survived the war bombing fell victim, including the Oberamtshaus on the castle wall and the rows of houses that closed off Neumarkt and the square in front of the castle church facing the Saar. The former rectangular square of the Neumarkt, which until then had a comparable function for old Saarbrücken as the St. Johanner Markt on the opposite side of the Saar, has not been recognizable as such since then and is characterized by the busy Wilhelm Heinrich Bridge. As part of the Stadtmitte am Fluss project , the plan was to relocate the city motorway into a tunnel, rebuild the demolished quarters and create more quality of life by creating parks on the banks of the Saar. While the construction measures on the St. Johann side could largely be implemented as part of sub-projects (e.g. the Berlin Promenade ), the planning on the old Saarbrücken side has been suspended for some years for cost reasons.
population
Old Saarbrücken had a total of 19,826 inhabitants on January 31, 2018.
Stadtmeier / Mayor
- List of the well-known Stadtmeier (a position comparable to a mayor, which was common in Saarbrücken until the French Revolution) and mayors from the end of the Middle Ages until the town union in 1909
(The Stadtmeier were usually at the head of the municipality for a period of one year).
- 15th century
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- 16th Century
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- 17th century
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- 18th century
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- 19th century
- 1800 Phillipp von Mandell , Maire
- 1804 Sebastian Bruch , Maire
- 1814 Heinrich Böcking , Lord Mayor - Heinrich Karcher (April 27), Lord Mayor - Karl Lauckhard Notary (May 19), Lord Mayor - Sebastian Bruch (July 9), Maire
- 1815 Charles Rupied , Maire - Alexander Zimmermann (23 July) High School Director , Lord Mayor
- 1816 Friedrich Köllner pastor in Malstatt , Lord Mayor
- 1823 Christian Quien , mayor
- 1832 Heinrich Böcking, mayor
- 1838 August Ludwig Reuther , mayor
- 1839 Friedrich Haldy , mayor
- 1843 Ludwig Wagner , mayor
- 1854 August Kromayer , mayor
- 1862 Karl Schmidtborn , mayor
- 1871 Julius Kiefer , mayor
- 1884 Friedrich Wilhelm Feldmann , Lord Mayor
- 20th century
- 1907 Paul Schmook , Mayor of Malstatt-Burbach (acting)
- On April 1, 1909, the three Saar cities (old) Saarbrücken (with Sankt Arnual), Sankt Johann and Malstatt-Burbach are united to form the city of Saarbrücken.
Churches
- Sacred building
German Lord's Chapel of Coming St. Elisabeth
Saarbrücken Castle Church
Ludwigskirche Saarbrücken
Friedenskirche
St. Jacob
Immanuelkirche Saarbrücken
- Gothic
- Deutschherrenkapelle (13th century), oldest preserved church in the city, today owned by the city of Saarbrücken, which runs a youth welfare facility in the former Teutonic monastery.
- Castle Church (late Gothic, secular Protestant church, now owned as a museum by the Saarland Cultural Heritage Foundation ), colored glazing by Georg Meistermann
- Baroque
- Ludwigskirche (Protestant), landmark of the city, built 1762–1775 by Friedrich Joachim Stengel
- Church of Peace ( Old Catholic / Russian Orthodox ), built by Friedrich Joachim Stengel in 1743 as a reformed church for Huguenot religious refugees
- historicism
- St. Jakob (Saarbrücken) , (Catholic), neo-Gothic
- Immanuelkirche (Saarbrücken) (Protestant), neo-Romanesque
- Modern
- Saarbrücken emergency church (Protestant); Built in Switzerland as a military barrack, gift from the American Lutheran Church in 1946, restoration in 2008
- St. Mauritius Saarbrücken, built by the architects Albert Dietz and Bernhard Grothe in 1956.
The church was designed as a way church and received windows from Boris Kleint and his pupil Karl-Heinz Grünewald. Kleint's purple-blue windows are a purely abstract color symphony without any object representation. The listed church was profaned in 2000 and is now used as a rehearsal room for the University of Music. A “black box” was installed and Boris Kleint's windows were draped over. The parish had been a branch of St. Jakob since 1938. It is owned by the Saarland. The patronage of Saint Mauritius was chosen in relation to the historical importance of the Teutonic Knight Order in Saarbrücken. Saint Mauritius was a patron saint of knights and was invoked before fights, skirmishes and battles. The imperial sword and the holy lance as well as parts of the imperial regalia were also traced back to the holy Mauritius from the High Middle Ages. After all, Mauritius was considered the patron saint of all emperors of the Holy Roman Empire and also of the empire itself.
The two Saarbrücken architects of the church, Albert Dietz and Bernhard Grothe, were among the first architects to deal with concrete glass windows. Since Boris Kleint's windows were not yet self-supporting, the individual concrete glass panels had to be inserted into a steel frame. The windows of St. Mauritius were made by Gabriel Loire's workshop in Chartres . The Mauritius Church was built in 1953 for a congregation of 4,000 Catholics in a district that was already considered a “social hot spot” at that time. Barracks built in the 19th century near the Deutschherrnkapelle were cleared by the military after the First World War . Thousands of homeless people found shelter in the empty buildings. They were looked after in pastoral care by the parish of St. Jakob. From 1931 an emergency church was available in a carriage shed in the barracks complex. First parish vicarie, St. Mauritius was elevated to a parish on November 1, 1953 and the architects Albert Dietz and Bernhard Grothe were entrusted with the construction of the church on Moltkestrasse. After the Second World War, a long row of “social housing” blocks were added to the many barracks that were still inhabited . With the construction of the church and the parsonage belonging to it, the living environment improved significantly. Young people could be looked after in extensive youth rooms, the kindergarten offered space for 140 small children, the day care center for 100 schoolchildren. These rooms were opened at the same time as the church was consecrated on May 6, 1956.
The church tower is in need of renovation today and can u. a. can no longer be used because of the leaky roof. Without a usage perspective it will probably be demolished. Since the new use of the church space by the music college, the building is no longer accessible. The church has been taken back from the street on a slightly elevated area. The high and widely visible bell tower accompanying the church underlines the prominent effect of the sacred building. The tower has a height of 37.12 m and contains the “Deutschherrnglocke”.
Important authorities
The state parliament of Saarland meets in the building built in 1865/1866 for the Saarbrücken casino company in today's Franz-Josef-Röder-Straße. The building was constructed by the architect Julius Carl Raschdorff , who among other things also built the Berlin Cathedral .
The courthouse was started in 1911 and inaugurated in the initial phase of the First World War on October 3, 1914 as the "Royal Prussian Regional Court". The new building replaced several smaller previous buildings from the 19th century. In 1835, the court moved into the former building of the Saarbrücken peace court at the castle , which was located on the site of the later district building. In 1886 the court was quartered in a new building in Luisenstrasse (today's Saaruferstrasse). This was badly damaged in World War II and finally demolished in 1963 when the Saarbrücken city motorway was being built.
Today's courthouse on Franz-Josef-Röder-Strasse (formerly Alleestrasse) / Hardenbergstrasse was built between 1911 and 1914 under the direction of Gustav Kassbaum . The preliminary draft had been drawn up under the direction of the senior building officer Paul Thoemer , while the execution and local construction management was in the hands of government building officer Gustav Kassenbaum, who was subordinate to the Trier government and building officer Hennicke. The total construction costs excluding the road construction costs amounted to 1,060,000 marks, of which around 99,600 marks were used for the interior decoration. The building is in the tradition of the great imperial courthouse by the two architects Paul Thoemer and Rudolf Mönnich . The Saarbrücken building is one of the last large state representative buildings of the German Empire .
Stylistically, the building can still be assigned to late historicism . There are, for example, numerous echoes of neo-baroque ornamentation. However, these elements are already abstracted and fully plastic elements are missing. There is also a citation of decorative forms of neoclassicism and echoes of Art Nouveau , for example in the form of the stone garlands attached to the facades. Horizontal and vertical structures are harmoniously coordinated. The overall classicist building design with its predominance of the right angle corresponded to the architecture of the time immediately before the First World War.
The strict architecture of the building, which is enlivened in exposed places by reduced artistic decoration, shows a connection of stone with plastered surfaces in different tones. Basalt lava was used to cover the base . Vosges sandstone or sandstone from the Palatinate Forest was used for the architectural structures and sculptures.
The building clearly shows the ideas and architectural principles that were prevalent at the time of its construction. On the one hand, they wanted to create a representative framework at the time, which was to express the importance of the administration of justice that was committed to the monarchical authorities. On the other hand, the building should also be designed as purposefully and functionally as possible.
As in other court buildings of the time, the Wilhelmine idea of representation is expressed through the dimensions of the building. The generous and expansive design of the former entrance area and staircase, which should not inadvertently make an intimidating impression on the visitor, is striking. The same purpose is served by the large ceiling height of the service rooms on the ground floor and on the first floor. Here again baroque spatial ideas and classicist individual forms interpenetrate.
Everywhere on the building there are references to the Prussian monarchy , such as eagles, crowns and the initial “W” for Wilhelm II , under whose reign the building was built. These symbols are not only attached to the interior and exterior walls and ceilings, but also in a decorative form within the wrought iron railing and parapet grilles. On the facades and inside there were also numerous allegorical figures and reliefs such as lions and human heads, some of which, however, were destroyed by the effects of war. Inside the building, there are slogans on the walls, ceilings and specially erected sculptures, which are intended to represent the importance of the administration of justice in a meaningful way. For example, one reads “God protects the law” or “Suum cuique” ( each his own ). The originally existing large roof turret with clock and surrounding balcony was not replaced after it was destroyed in the war.
The idea of functionality is also expressed by the fact that the system could be expanded according to its basic concept without having to change anything in the existing building fabric. This should take into account the expected population growth and the increased importance of the judiciary as a result of the major codifications that came into force around 1900, such as the Civil Code .
A narrow, low component connects two independent structures, each with its own facade, which, thanks to their architectural design, remain clearly recognizable as the main and side views.
The wings of the building are at right angles to each other. The main wing is oriented towards today's Franz-Josef-Röder-Straße (Saarseite), the left side wing parallel to Hardenbergstraße .
The main facade facing the Saar is defined by corner projections with arched gables. Continuous cornices divide the risalites into a base zone, two main floors and a low attic zone. The tall rectangular windows on both floors are combined into vertical bands. In interaction with the entrance portal and the former ridge turret on the mighty hipped roof, the verticality of the building was emphasized.
The risalits of the simpler side facade close in hip roofs . The central projection of the side facade is crowned by a triangular gable. In addition to a basement and an extended attic, the entire building has a ground floor, a first floor and a second floor ( attic floor ) and is built around two closed inner courtyards. The original construction plans show that the building could have been extended in the area of the current parking lot, including two additional inner courtyards, so that the entire building complex would have assumed the shape of a closed rectangle. An expansion of the building according to the previous plans has not yet been carried out.
Immediately after the building plans were published, the Saarbrücken city administration raised several objections to the architectural design of the building, primarily because of the simple design of the facade. Mayor Emil Mangold wrote to the Royal Building Authority in Saarbrücken: “The city is very enthusiastic about the construction of the new building. However, given the extremely small number of good secular buildings in Saarbrücken, the greatest importance must be attached to the fact that a building of the size and importance of the present has an educational effect on the building equipment in our city, which is in great need of development. " when the regional and district court were planned in the neighboring Saargemünd in the years 1910–1911. Here, as in Saarbrücken, all the reserves on the facade were also only plastered. Only at the urging of the Sarreguemines municipal council was a monumental column portico added to the courthouse. If this column portico had been omitted, the main facade of the Saargemünder courthouse and the side facade of the Saarbrücken courthouse would have looked even more similar in terms of their architectural cubature than they already do.
In the course of time, several structural changes were made to the Saarbrücken judicial building. In addition to minor changes that left the substance untouched, such as the partial expansion of the attic floor into office space, the building underwent the greatest changes due to the reconstruction after the war. The most important change was the removal of the baroque ridge turret , while the roof was rebuilt lower than originally. In addition, not all of the damaged facade ornaments were restored, but replaced in part by bosses . In the west, an extension wing was connected to the main building, which creates the symmetry to the intermediate part and corner projections of the wing in Hardenbergstrasse on the other side and largely takes up the formal vocabulary of the original planning from 1911.
The facade was renovated in the late 1990s. After the Second World War, a cuboid, purely functional new building made of concrete was placed next to the existing courthouse on Zähringerstrasse, which is no longer based on the given dimensions of the Wilhelmine building and houses the public prosecutor's office and the Ministry of Justice.
The old building will be entered today through the entrance of this new building using a glass connecting passage, which largely loses the architectural effect of the original main portal and the adjoining staircase.
From 1920 to 1935 the building was the seat of the League of Nations Government Commission of the Saar region . During this time, the higher regional court in Saarlouis was located in a neo-Gothic building from 1907. The President of the Government Commission resided in the district building that was newly built in 1910/1911 , where the cabinet meetings were also held. The district building was designed by the Berlin architects Alfred Salinger and Eugen Schmohl .
Art in public space
- Public art
Fountain on Nanteser Platz, bronze, Lothar Messner, 1980
Well house on Saarbrücker Schlossplatz with partially destroyed statue of Saarbrücker Ludwigskirche, Gottfried Böhm, 1989
Statue of Telemachos at its current location at the foot of the Trillertreppe, Ludwig Cauer, 1890
Luisenbrunnen in Altneugasse, August Kuhn, 1912
Dihm weather column, Hugo Dihm, 1876
Old Saarbrücken, memorial for the Dragoon Regiment Field Marshal General Prince Leopold of Bavaria (Westphalian) No. 7, Peter Paul Seeberger, 1962
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- Fountain on Nanteser Platz
Schlossstrasse, formerly known as Vordergasse, was the center of Saarbrücken's old town until World War II . This part of the old town was destroyed by bombing in 1944. A square was built after the war on the site that has not been built on since then. It was later named after Nantes , the French city on the Loire estuary, with which Saarbrücken entered into a twinning agreement in April 1965. On June 24, 1977, the then Mayor of Saarbrücken, Oskar Lafontaine, inaugurated the square in the presence of his Nantes colleague Alain Chénard. A fountain inaugurated in 1980 and a boules court were intended to liven up the tree-lined area.
- Fountain on Saarbrücken Castle Square
In the place of the former guard house of the Saarbrücken Castle stands a fountain system designed by Gottfried Böhm as part of the renovation of the castle in the 1980s.
- Telemachus statue
In front of the west wing of the St. Johann town hall , a town hall fountain was set up, donated by the former town councilor Emil Haldy . The well stock, from which the water flowed through six outlets into a round and then through the mouth openings of six masks into a hexagonal well basin, was decorated with figures of women.
At the top of the town hall fountain was a marble statue of Telemachus , the son of Odysseus and Penelope, girded with a sword . The statue, which caused considerable public excitement due to its nudity, was the work of the sculptor Ludwig Cauer , who had worked on prominent works of the time (e.g. Kaiser Wilhelm National Monument , Berliner Siegesallee , Bismarck National Monument) the Reichstag building ).
In 1936, the Telemach fountain on the forecourt of the St. Johann town hall was officially removed due to "limited space". The marble statue of Telemach, rediscovered in the rubble of the Ratskeller after the war, was then first put up again in the Saarbrücken palace garden. Today it is in a niche in the suburban street.
- Queen Luise Fountain
The foundation stone for the Luisenbrücke, named after the Prussian Queen Luise, was laid in 1863. It was built in the years 1865–1866 as an iron bridge with a southern customs house for the bridge toll. It was the second pedestrian and driving bridge over the Saar between the Saar cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann and fulfilled a central function in the urban development towards the city of Saarbrücken: As a connection between today's Eisenbahnstraße (then Bahnhofstraße) and the new train station, it shortened the way for the population from Saarbrücken to the traffic center in St. Johann. Until the Kaiser-Friedrich-Brücke was built, the Luisenbrücke was simply called the New Bridge. Today's Ursulinenstrasse in the Saarbrücken suburb was also initially called Luisenstrasse. On the left bank of the Saar, a public park, called Luisenanlage or Luisengarten, joined the Luisenbrücke in 1876. As early as 1900, the Luisenviertel was built between Stengelstrasse and Saarufer, adjacent to the park. The Luisenbrunnen was set up in the Luisenanlage in 1912 in memory of the Prussian Queen Luise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz . The neo-baroque fountain by the sculptor August Kuhn bears the inscription: “In memory of Prussia's noble queen”. The Saarbrücken Beautification Association, chaired by the pharmacist Beck, dedicated the fountain to Queen Luise on the 100th anniversary of her unsuccessful intervention with Napoleon Bonaparte on July 6, 1807 in Tilsit , thus completing the memorial ensemble. From 1918 the names of the bridge and park were changed to Louisenbrücke and Louisenanlage, respectively, and this French spelling was retained until the Saar area was reintegrated into the German Empire in 1935. The Luisenbrücke was blown up by the German troops in 1945 shortly before the end of the war, rebuilt in steel and concrete in a modified form in 1948 and further modified in 1962 due to the construction of the motorway. Only her name has remained. Most of the historical structure of the Luisenviertel was destroyed in the Second World War. Only the name of the district is still preserved, but it is used less and less. The Luisenanlage was completely destroyed by the construction of the motorway in 1962/1963.
- Dihm's weather pillar
The Dihm weather pillar (donated by the architect Hugo Dihm in 1876), which had also stood as a decoration in the park, found a new location in 1976 on the edge of Ludwigsplatz; its earlier structural connection with the Luisenanlage is largely unknown today. The Luisenbrunnen was set up in 1986/1987 in Altneugasse instead of demolished houses in the baroque Saarbrücken. It is the last materially preserved piece of the structural elements named after Luise in the expanded old town of Saarbrücken.
- Villa Obenauer
The Villa Obenauer is a bourgeois villa in Saarbrücken , Trillerweg 58 , built in the years 1905–1907 according to a design by Peter Behrens . It is located in the Saarbrücken residential area Triller on the southeast slope above the street on the slope. As a significant testimony to the development history of modern architecture in the 20th century , the building is a listed building .
- Memorial for the Dragoon Regiment Field Marshal General Prince Leopold of Bavaria (Westphalian) No. 7
The Dragoon Memorial is located on the corner of Keplerstrasse and Stengelstrasse near Ludwigsplatz. The memorial consists of an exposed aggregate concrete base in a recessed rectangular paved field bordered with low walls. Four bronze panels are placed on the exposed aggregate concrete base, the joints of which, delimited by strips, create a Greek cross . Three of the four bronze plates show flagged dragons lances. The monument designed by Saarbrücken City Planning Director Peter Paul Seeberger was unveiled on September 23, 1962. The memorial commemorates the members of the regiment killed in the First World War with the year "1914-1918" . The lower left bronze plaque shows the abbreviation of the regiment in entwined letters under the Prussian royal crown and the full regiment name across the entire lower width of the monument.
At the end of the 1950s, former soldiers of the regiment turned to the city of Saarbrücken to commemorate their military unit with a memorial. The new memorial was intended to replace the one erected in 1929 in the Rosenanlage, which was removed by order of the French military government in the late 1940s. The old monument, which was created by August Kraus , showed a fully plastic sculpture of a dragoon on horseback with a penned lance on a five-meter-high sandstone plinth. The direction of the dragoons shown was positioned in the direction of the Rhine in order to document the ties between the separated Saar area and the German Empire.
Parks
- Parks
German-French garden, Deutschmühlenweiher
Franco-German garden, concert shell at the Deutschmühlenweiher
Franco-German garden, water organ
Franco-German Garden, Ehrental, grave of Katharine Weißgerber
Franco-German Garden, Ehrental, grave of the Lieutenant Colonel and commander of the Saarbrücken Uhlan Regiment "Grand Duke Friedrich von Baden" (Rheinisches) No. 7 Maximilian Freiherr Roth von Schreckenstein (* 1831, † 1875)
The first took place immediately after the Battle of Spichern , which was fought with heavy losses on August 6, 1870 as the first major battle of the 1870/1871 war for military control of the Saar valley, the Saar cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann and the surrounding industrial area of initially 450 burials of fallen soldiers in the so-called Galgendell within sight of the battlefield. The new cemetery was laid out by the city of Saarbrücken and inaugurated under the name Ehrental on October 16, 1870.
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The myth of saving was kept alive with the help of honoring the dead. Some of the dead who played a role during the battle, some of which only died several decades later, were buried directly in Ehrental. Sometimes they were reburied there after a funeral in other places. Katharine Weißgerber's grave remained the only female grave. The Saarbrücken maid, named after the family of her employers everywhere just Schultze Kathrin, was posthumously honored for her care for the wounded on the battlefield, which she had done at risk for her own life.
The Saarbrücker Ehrental and the former Westwall area in its surroundings were redesigned in terms of garden architecture between 1957 and 1960 after the decision on the return of the Saarland to the Federal Republic of Germany. This garden show stood out as a binational event. As a sign of reconciliation between Germany and France, a new park and leisure facility was created here as a lasting symbol of a lasting friendship between the two states, which is now known as the Franco-German Garden. For the design of the garden show, the garden and cemetery office of the city of Saarbrücken announced an ideas competition in January 1958. Well-known German and French gardening experts were among the jury members. The German side was chaired by Alwin Seifert (Munich), the French side by garden architect René Pechère (Brussels). The first prize was awarded to a consortium of engineers and architects from Saarbrücken and Wiesbaden (Bernhard Grothe, Wolfgang Walter, Wolfgang Mörbel and Helmut Kreuzer). The official opening of the Franco-German Garden Show took place on April 23, 1960 under the patronage of Federal Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and French Prime Minister Michel Debré . The monuments from 1870 in the Franco-German Garden were integrated into the park in 1960 as a warning symbol for a peaceful reminder of the past.
graveyards
- Cemetery facilities
Main cemetery Saarbrücken, memorial from 1872 for the soldiers of the 2nd Hanoverian Infantry Regiment No. 77 who were killed in the Battle of Spichern
Alt-Saarbrücken cemetery, grave complex Theodor Röchling (1823–1885)
Grave chapel of the Röchling family
- Main cemetery Saarbrücken
- Old Saarbrücken cemetery
- Grave place of the Röchling family, Röchling chapel
City legends
The pioneer and essential collector of Saarland legends in the first half of the 20th century was the Saarbrücken art historian and folklorist Karl Lohmeyer . Lohmeyer reported to Alt-Saarbruecken numerous legends and stories with traditional fantasy motifs, such as the appearance of a white lady in Saarbrücken Castle, the emergence of umherspukenden ghosts, terrifying revenants , sleep wasting Night albums and strange animal phenomena and the alleged existence of underground passages from Saarbrücken Castle to Sankt Arnual Abbey and Philippsborn Castle ( Forsthaus Neuhaus ). The Saarbrücken children were told that the stork pulled them from the old Herrgottsbrunnen in Obergasse (Schlossstrasse). The rush of the water gushing out of the fountain was explained to the children in such a way that this was the murmur of the unborn children still in the fountain shaft.
The stingy baker
The best-known old Saarbrücken local legend is the story of the stingy baker . The stone grimace of a gargoyle is on the castle wall in Saarbrücken . The representation of a pointy eared Silens comes from the architecture of the former Renaissance building of Saarbrücken castle and remained after reconstruction for baroque palace from the year 1740 as part offset left. According to legend, it is said to be the head of a rich but stingy Saarbrücken baker who abruptly rejected the poor during a terrible famine. The Saarbrücken countess heard about it, disguised herself as a beggar and was also ruthlessly turned away. As a punishment and deterrent, she arranged for the stingy baker's head to be attached to the old bridge as a shameful mask , where she now had to spit the dirty water into the Saar through her wide-open mouth, to the great pleasure of the Saarbrücken citizens. Later the grimace was moved to the castle wall.
literature
- Michael Jung: Between arable farming and Fürstenhof, Saarbrücker and St. Johann bourgeoisie in the 18th century, St. Ingbert 1994.
- Albert Ruppersberg: Saarbrücken war chronicle, events in and near Saarbrücken and St. Johann, as well as on the Spicherer Berge 1870, 4th edition, Leipzig 1911.
- Karl August Schleiden : Illustrated History of the City of Saarbrücken, Dillingen / Saar 2009.
- Rolf Wittenbrock (Ed.): History of the City of Saarbrücken, Vol. 1, From the beginnings to the industrial awakening (1860), Vol. 2, From the time of rapid growth to the present, Saarbrücken 1999.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rolf Wittenbrock (Ed.): History of the City of Saarbrücken, Vol. 2, From the time of stormy growth to the present, Saarbrücken 1999, p. 682.
- ^ Hans-Walter Herrmann: Trade and traffic between the northern Upper Rhine and the Saar and Moselle regions in the late Middle Ages, in: Yearbook for West German State History, Koblenz: Self-published by the Landesarchivverwaltung, Vol. 21 (1995), pp. 333–365.
- ↑ Hans-Walter Herrmann: The Flanders-Lampartische Straße between Strasbourg and Sierck: History of a medieval new installation, in: On the Roman roads into the Middle Ages, ed. by Friedhelm Burgard, Mainz 1997, pp. 447-469.
- ↑ Rolf Wittenbrock (Ed.): History of the City of Saarbrücken, Vol. 2, From the time of stormy growth to the present, Saarbrücken 1999, p. 683.
- ^ Albert Ruppersberg : History of the former county of Saarbrücken. Revised and expanded after Friedrich and Adolf Köllner. 3 parts in 4 volumes. III. Part, 2nd volume: History of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann from 1815 to 1909, of the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken up to 1914.
- ^ Karl August Schleiden: Illustrated history of the city of Saarbrücken. Dillingen an der Saar 2009.
- ^ Alfred Maurer: The building history of the Saarbrücker Schloss and its research, in: Jürgen Karbach, Paul Thomes (Ed.): Contributions to the Stengel Symposium on the occasion of the 300th birthday of Friedrich Joachim Stengel on 29./30. September 1994 in Saarbrücken Castle. (= Journal for the history of the Saar region. 43, 1995), Historical Association for the Saar region, Saarbrücken 1995, pp. 177–217.
- ↑ Hermann Jungk: Regests on the history of the former Nassau-Saarbrückische Lande up to 1381, in: Mitteilungen des Historische Verein für die Saargebiet, 13, Saarbrücken 1914. Reg. 35, 37, 40, 10, 561/562.
- ^ Kurt Hoppstädter: Die Grafschaft Saarbrücken, in: Kurt Hoppstädter, Hans-Walter Herrmann: Geschichtliche Landeskunde des Saarlandes, Volume 2, Saarbrücken 1977, pp. 279–315 with family tree and map supplements.
- ↑ Hartmut Klein: Saarbrücken, German City Atlas, Delivery II, No. 13, 1979.
- ↑ Hans-Walter Herrmann: Contributions to the tradition and dating of the Saarbrücker Landrechts, in: The law and its historical bases, ed. by Tiziana J. Chiusi, Thomas Gergen and Heike Jung, Berlin 2008, pp. 355–385
- ↑ Hans-Walter Herrmann: Cities in the catchment area of the Saar until 1400, in: Les petites villes en Lotharingie, Section Historique de l'Institut Grand-Ducal de Luxembourg, Luxemburg 1992, pp. 225-317.
- ↑ Rolf Wittenbrock (Ed.): History of the City of Saarbrücken, Vol. 2, From the time of stormy growth to the present, Saarbrücken 1999, p. 683.
- ^ Vienna Convention Act signed on June 8, 1815
- ^ Fritz Kloevekorn : Saarbrücken's past in pictures, Saarbrücken 1933, p. 142.
- ↑ Rolf Wittenbrock (Ed.): History of the City of Saarbrücken, Vol. 2, From the time of stormy growth to the present, Saarbrücken 1999, pp. 682–685.
- ^ Rolf Wittenbrock: History of the City of Saarbrücken, Volume 2: From the time of stormy growth to the present, Saarbrücken 1999, pp. 394–396.
- ↑ Numbers, data and facts. State capital Saarbrücken. State capital Saarbrücken, accessed on February 12, 2018 .
- ^ Albert Ruppersberg: Directory of the Meier and Mayors of Saarbrücken and St. Johann, in: Südwestdeutsche Heimatblätter 8, 1927.
- ↑ Hanns Klein: Short biography of the mayors of (old) Saarbrücken, St. Johanns, Malstatt-Burbachs and the city of Saarbrücken, in: Journal for the history of the Saar region 19, 1971, pp. 510-538.
- ^ Rolf Wittenbrock (ed.): History of the City of Saarbrücken, Vol. 2, From the time of stormy growth to the present, Saarbrücken 1999, pp. 675-678.
- ^ Marlen Dittmann: Die Baukultur im Saarland 1945-2010, Saarland-Hefte 4, publication by the Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland, Merzig 2011, p. 37.
- ↑ Marlen Dittmann: Church buildings of the post-war period in Saarbrücken, The Catholic Parish Churches St. Mauritius, St. Pius and St. Paulus, Saarbrücken 2014.
- ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken up to 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, p. 99.
- ↑ New construction of a business building for the civil departments of the regional and local court in Saarbrücken, in: Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung, 37th year No. 73, Berlin, September 8, 1917, pp. 457–461.
- ↑ New construction of a business building for the civil departments of the regional and local court in Saarbrücken, in: Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung, 37th year No. 73, Berlin, September 8, 1917, pp. 457–461.
- ↑ Wolfgang Götz: The district court in Saarbrücken, in: 150 years district court Saarbrücken, ed. by the President of the Regional Court in cooperation with the Law Faculty of the Saarland University, Cologne, Berlin, Bonn, Munich, 1985, pp. 33–66, here p. 59.
- ^ Niels Wilcken: Architecture in the border area, The public building industry in Alsace-Lorraine (1871-1918) , Saarbrücken 2000, pp. 203-206.
- ↑ Wolfgang Götz: The district court in Saarbrücken, in: 150 years district court Saarbrücken, ed. by the President of the Regional Court in cooperation with the Law Faculty of Saarland University, Cologne, Berlin, Bonn, Munich, 1985, pp. 33–66.
- ^ Marlen Dittmann: The building culture in Saarland 1904–1945, Saarland-Hefte 3, publication of the Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland, Saarbrücken 2004, pp. 13–15.
- ^ Karl August Schleiden: Illustrated History of the City of Saarbrücken, Dillingen / Saar 2009, pp. 406–408.
- ↑ Werner Theis: Chronological presentation of the city partnership Saarbrücken-Nantes, From the beginnings in 1960 and 1963 through the signing of the city partnership agreement in 1965 to the end of 1987, 25 years Franco-German friendship agreement, ed. from the state capital Saarbrücken, Office for Council Affairs, Saarbrücken 1988.
- ↑ Jürgen Wohlfarth: Local self-government with references to political culture, in: Rolf Wittenbrock (Hrsg.): Geschichte der Stadt Saarbrücken, Vol. 2, Saarbrücken 1999, pp. 482–504, especially p. 498ff.
- ^ Gottfried Böhm in the Saar Artists' Dictionary , accessed on October 11, 2014.
- ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann from 1815 to 1909, of the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the unified city of Saarbrücken until 1914. P. 137.
- ↑ Saarbrücken City Archives, information from September 11, 2013.
- ↑ Wetterläule on saarlandbilder.net , accessed on October 11, 2014.
- ↑ Ruth Bauer and Karin Maaß (eds.): Frauenwege in Saarbrücken, historical city tours, Saarbrücken 1999ff.
- ^ State Conservatory Office of the Saarland (Ed.): List of monuments of the Saarland, Saarbrücken 1996, created by Section 2: Inventory and building research (Dr. Georg Skalecki), as of August 1, 1996, pp. 128, 285.
- ↑ Rolf Wittenbrock: The three Saar cities in the time of accelerated urban growth (1860-1908), in: Ders. (Ed.): History of the City of Saarbrücken, Vol. 2, Saarbrücken 1999, pp. 11–130, there pp. 28–33.
- ↑ Villa Obenauer in the list of monuments of the Saarland, partial list of monuments of the state capital Saarbrücken (Landesdenkmalamt Saarland; PDF file; 638 kB)
- ↑ Gregor Scherf: "We sank down for Germany's shine", regimental memorials of the First World War in Saarbrücken and Saarlouis, in: Saargeschichten, magazine for regional culture and history, No. 2, 2015, ed. from the Historical Association for the Saar Region eV and the State Association of the Historical-Cultural Associations of the Saarland eV, pp. 26–32.
- ↑ Annette Keinhorst: Schultze Kathrin, Eine polemische Saarbrücker Spurensuche, in: Annette Keinhorst and Petra Messinger (eds.): Die Saarbrückerinnen, contributions to city history, (series of publications history, politics and society of the Saarland Democracy Foundation, vol. 2), St. Ingbert 1998, pp. 349-354.
- ↑ Bernd Loch: The German-French Garden in Saarbrücken, History and Guide, Saarbrücken 2000.
- ↑ Rolf Wittenbrock: The three Saar cities in the time of accelerated urban growth (1860-1908), in: Ders. (Ed.): History of the City of Saarbrücken, Vol. 2, Saarbrücken 1999, pp. 11–130, there pp. 26–28.
- ↑ Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge (VDK), Saarbrücken, hand file “1870/71”, created 1970, unpaginated.
- ↑ Röchling family to voelklingenimwandel.de , accessed June 14, 2015.
- ^ Karl Lohmeyer: Die Sagen der Saar, Complete Edition, 3rd edition, Saarbrücken 2012, pp. 120-138.
- ^ Karl Lohmeyer: The sagas of the Saar, complete edition, Saarbrücken 2011.
- ^ Karl Lohmeyer: Die Sagen der Saar, Complete Edition, 3rd Edition, Saarbrücken 2012, p. 135.
- ↑ Alfons Kolling: The stingy baker - a scary mask sculpture from the Saarbrücken Renaissance castle , Saarbrücken 1999.
- ↑ Deana Zinßmeister: Sagenhaftes Saarland, sagas and myths from the region , Saarbrücken 2012.
Web links
1 Middle : Alt-Saarbrücken , Malstatt (with Rastpfuhl , Rußhütte and Rodenhof ), St. Johann (with Rabbit Mountain , Nauwieser Viertel and Rotenbühl ), Eschberg , Sankt Arnual (with Winterberg )
2 West : Gersweiler , Klarenthal , Altenkessel and Burbach (with Von der Heydt )
3 Dudweiler : Dudweiler , Jägersfreude , Herrensohr , Scheidt
4 Halberg : Schafbrücke , Bischmisheim , Ensheim , Brebach-Fechingen (with Neufechingen ), Eschringen , Güdingen , Bübingen
Coordinates: 49 ° 13 ′ 48.5 ″ N , 6 ° 59 ′ 33 ″ E