Burbach (Saarbrücken)
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Burbach
City of Saarbrücken
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| Area : | 12.41 km² | |
| Residents : | 14,605 (May 31, 2013) | |
| Population density : | 1,177 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | 1874 | |
| Incorporated into: | Malstatt-Burbach | |
| Postcodes : | 66113, 66115 | |
| Area code : | 0681 | |
Location of Burbach in Saarland |
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Burbach is a district of Saarbrücken in Saarland in the city district West . Around 14,700 people live here (December 31, 2014), while the number of inhabitants at the end of 1991 was around 15,800. Burbach is regarded as the culmination of structural change and is affected by high unemployment and social problems. He is considered socially, economically and urbanistically disadvantaged.
geography
Burbach is located in the west of the state capital Saarbrücken between the districts of Malstatt and Altenkessel . The Saar is the southern limit . The place name comes from the Burbach , which flows into the Saar here. The original name of the brook Burbach still applies outside the Burbach-Malstatt district. In the lower reaches, the brook was renamed Weierbach in order to dissimilate the name of the brook and settlement, as it fed the former Burbach village pond. Today the Burbach is dammed up to the Burbacher Waldweiher . Topographic maps show the stream name as Burbach-Weierbach.
Burbach is administratively managed by the city as district 24 and consists of the districts 241 Hochstraße, 242 Ottstraße, 243 Füllengarten and 244 Von der Heydt .
history
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middle Ages
First mention
The village of Burbach belonged to the count's court in Malstatt and was first mentioned in 1313. In that year, Count Johann I von Saarbrücken-Commercy awarded the knight Simont von Kastel an estate in Burbach on the condition that the people of the Burbach estate should come to Malstatt as before to the counts of the year. However, Count Johann kept part of his property in Burbach under his own administration (high court, forest and road fines, etc.). The von Kastel family remained in possession of the castle feud in Burbach until the end of the 15th century. Their property was inherited by von Heringen, who sold the Burbach property to Count Johann Ludwig in 1520 . Other aristocrats (von Kerpen, von Sötern, von Kronenburg) who had ownership rights in Burbach gradually sold them to the Counts of Saarbrücken until in 1663 all of Burbach belonged to the Saarbrücken Count .
Destruction of Burbach in the feud of 1471
In February of 1471, Malstatt and Burbach were in a feud between Count Johann III from Saarbrücken . and the Count Palatine and Duke Ludwig I , known as the Black, burned down because Ludwig could not conquer the city of St. Johann .
Modern times
Burbach in the Ancien Régime
According to the report of the princely bailiff and councilor Christian Lex from 1756, almost all of the residents of Burbach were serf farmers of the Nassau-Saarbrück state rule at that time. Burbach had 15 houses, of which only three full and two half house roofs were tiled and the other houses were thatched. The village of Burbach also belonged to the Malstatt dairy. You could catch fish in the Malstatter waters of Saar, Fischbach, Alsbach and Weierbach (also called Burbach). Crayfish was also caught in the Burbacher Weyerbach (Weiherbach). The Burbacher Weiher was used as an animal pond. This pond, which was north of the road to Saarlouis, was drained after 1756.
Most of the residents were of the Lutheran denomination and only one resident belonged to the Reformed denomination (assigned to the Reformed parish of Saarbrücken). A school building operated by the Malstatter village community was shared by the Burbach children, as was the church on the Malstatter Kirchberg.
Burbach in the French Revolution
With the invasion of French revolutionary troops in October 1792, serfdom was lifted. In the summer of 1793, French soldiers burned the entire inventory of the Malstatt church. In 1797 Malstatt and Burbach were annexed by France like the entire county of Saarbrücken. The villages of Malstatt and Burbach were administratively assigned to the canton of Saarbrücken. Since 1810 the two villages belonged to the Mairie Saarbrücken. The population rose again: In 1809 Malstatt and the district of Rußhütte had a total of 450 inhabitants, Burbach 269. In 1810 Malstatt had 499, Rußhütte 57 and Burbach 278 inhabitants.
First and Second Peace of Paris
In the First Peace of Paris in 1814, Malstatt and Burbach remained French and were only united with Prussia in the Second Peace of Paris in 1815. When the Bavarian troops stormed St. Johann on June 23, 1815, Malstatt and Burbach were again completely looted and the residents had to flee. The damage caused by the Bavarian troops was paid for in 1820 by French war indemnities, which were used to renovate the Malstatter church. After the Prussian occupation, the localities of Burbach, Malstatt and Rußhütte remained united in one mayor's office with St. Johann and Saarbrücken. The administration was led by the mayor of Saarbrücken, Malstatt had a community leader, Burbach and Rußhütte a local leader each. The male population of Burbach consisted largely of farmers and miners.
industrialization
Coal has been mined in the Burbach district since 1779. In 1784 the Heckel company began with the machine production of hemp ropes, 70 years later the first steel ropes were manufactured under Johann Georg Heckel . Under the direction of Ernst Heckel , the Society for Conveyor Systems Ernst Heckel emerged from this by the 1950s at the latest, under the direction of Ernst Heckel, Heckel was the world market leader.
With the opening of the Von der Heydt mine in 1852 and the establishment of the Burbacher Hütte in 1856, a strong increase in population began. 1874/75 - Burbach already had over 12,500 inhabitants - the municipalities of Malstatt and Burbach united and received city rights; In 1905 the population of the city of Malstatt-Burbach exceeded 38,000. In 1909 the three Saar cities of Saarbrücken, St. Johann and Malstatt-Burbach united to form the city of Saarbrücken.
Sports history
In the industrial era, the sports clubs were also very successful: In 1927, Sportfreunde 05 Saarbrücken , who were trained by Jupp Derwall in the 1960s , were promoted to first class. Even the 1. FC Saarbrücken , in 1907 as "FV Malstatt-Burbach" was founded in the tradition of the workers' football clubs .
The hut was now called " Acieries Reunis de Burbach, Eich et Dudelange (ARBED) ".
Second World War
In October 1944, large parts of the population were evacuated to the Würzburg area due to ongoing air raids . Because of the large-scale industry, which was important for the war effort, Burbach had to suffer extensive bombing.
post war period
Already shortly after the war the district was pulsating again: In Burbach there were over 80 bars and restaurants as well as three cinemas, namely the Volkshaus-Lichtspiele with 800 seats, the Metropol-Theater Burbach with 517 seats and the Rex with 350 seats. The oldest of the cinemas, the Metropol, opened in 1910.
On February 7, 1962 occurred in the pit Luisenthal the belonging, running under Burbach Alsbachschacht mining disaster Luisenthal , which with 299 dead as the second-heaviest mining accident in force in Germany.
Steel crisis
As a result of the steel crisis , the Burbach blast furnaces closed in 1977. Just a few years later, half of the shops and restaurants as well as all three cinemas had given up and ceased operations. In 1988 the steelworks also closed except for the wire drawing shop. By the beginning of the 1990s, the number of employees in the steel sector at the Burbach location had fallen to less than 600. While the Burbacher Hütte employed over 23,000 people in 1975, this number fell to just 591 when the blast furnaces and the ironworks were closed (1988) 1993. At the height of the structural crisis in 1987, there were 32.4% recipients of social assistance , the unemployment rate was 23%, the emigration rate over the last 10 years was 16%, 23% of the residents received housing benefit . The 1987 figures also spoke for themselves in the education sector: 12% finished school without a qualification, 81% achieved a secondary school certificate , 6.5% a middle school certificate and 0.5% a high school diploma . Even today, the district (together with neighboring Malstatt) is one of the regions with the highest unemployment rate in south-west Germany, despite the measures taken to improve the economy.
Economic structural change
At the beginning of the 1990s, the municipal society for innovation and business promotion mbH (GIU) began to initiate a structural change: Since 2002, the so-called Saarterrassen , a service location primarily dedicated to the new media , have been built on the former site of the smelter site , which is more than three and a half hectares in size appeals. Orbis AG is one of the first companies to settle here . In addition, there are several large-scale retail companies (including several furniture stores and a hardware store) and the E-Werk event hall on the Saar terraces . Further conversion projects on former industrial sites are the Saarland IT Park on the area of a former wire rope works and the aw saarbrücken-burbach on the area of the former railway repair shop .
Pascal process
The public perception of the district has been linked to the Pascal process since September 2001 . A murder of a then five-year-old is said to have occurred in a back room of a restaurant. The trial ended in acquittals as the court was not fully convinced of the guilt of the accused.
coat of arms
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The former municipality of Burbach was elevated to a town in 1874. It was not until 1897 that she and Malstatt were given a coat of arms. It is divided: Above in a blue field studded with silver toe crosses, a soaring silver lion with a golden crown belonging to the Counts of Saarbrücken-Commercy . Hammer and mallet crossed in black in a silver field below, the handle ends covered with black, overturned open pliers (symbols of the Malstatt-Burbach industry). The coat of arms awarded to the new city of Saarbrücken by the Prussian King Wilhelm II on June 21, 1911 integrates the two arms of the coat of arms of the former city of Malstatt-Burbach.
Honorary citizen
- The only honorary citizen of the former city of Malstatt-Burbach is Otto von Bismarck . In 1895 he was given honorary citizenship of Malstatt-Burbach as part of an initiative by other cities in the Prussian Rhine Province .
traffic
Burbach is on the Saar line . The stopping point is Saarbrücken-Burbach train station, which is around two and a half kilometers from Saarbrücken central station . In addition, the Saarbrücken-Burbach-Mitte stop was opened in 2012 near the Burbacher Markt, through which the Saarland IT Park is also connected. In the east of the district, the Forbacher Bahn has been running parallel to the district boundary and to Malstatt with the Schanzenberg Bridge over the Saar towards France since 1852 . Two more tracks of the Warndtbahn also cross the river here. Since 1890 a meter-gauge steam tram line ran from Luisenthal through Burbach to Sankt Johann.
In the middle of the 19th century, the Saar was canalized and connected to the French river and canal network. The large industrial port opened in 1865. The Saarbrücken-Gersweiler lock has been located near Burbach since the last Saar expansion in 1999 .
The B 51 , which also leads in the direction of Trier and which is the main traffic axis of the district, runs roughly parallel to the railway line . Burbacher Strasse branches off at Burbacher Markt and leads over the Kaiser Wilhelm Bridge - today's Gersweiler Bridge - over the Saar to the western district of Gersweiler . Other major roads are the L 272 towards Riegelsberg and Hubert Müller road that connects to the A 1 produces.
Public transport
The Saarbrücken-Burbach and Burbach Mitte stops are controlled by theRB 71served. Early and evening trips of theRE 1 also stop at Burbach stop.
Burbach is also served by SaarBus .
Church history
Middle Ages
Burbach has been looked after by the neighboring village of Malstatt since it was founded in the Middle Ages .
Reformation
With the great church visitation of 1575, the Lutheran denomination was also introduced in Burbach. The measures began on January 1, 1575 by order of Count Philip III. from Nassau-Saarbrücken in the entire domain.
Destruction since the Thirty Years' War
With the destruction of the mother parish in Malstatts in the Thirty Years War in 1635 by Croatian troops from Emperor Ferdinand II and in 1641, when Lorraine troops set the Malstatt church on fire, Malstatt practically ceased to exist as a parish. The surviving residents of Malstatt and Burbach received pastoral care from Gersweiler, St. Johann and Dudweiler over the next few decades. It was not until 1738 that Malstatt became independent again as a Protestant parish. After the parish church was destroyed in the French Revolution, the Malstatter church building could only be restored in 1815 through financial contributions from French war compensation under the direction of Pastor Johann Friedrich Köllner , who was also mayor of Saarbrücken and St. Johann from 1816 to 1823 . In Malstatt itself, a new Protestant church was built on the old site in 1868.
First Protestant Church in Burbach
On the Burbacher Weyersberg, a first Protestant church (today St. Matthew's Church) was built in neo-Gothic style from 1891 to 1898.
Catholic Churches in Burbach
The St. Eligius Church was built in Burbach as early as 1869–1873 for the group of Catholic residents, which had grown considerably in number. As a result of the Kulturkampf , this parish remained vacant until 1884 and was looked after from St. Johann . The background was that the Trier bishop Matthias Eberhard had not named a pastor. According to the May Laws of 1873, which had been promulgated shortly before, the diocese should have proposed a candidate to the Prussian authorities, who would then have been examined by the government for reliability and qualifications. Since the German bishops rejected this procedure as the submission of the Catholic Church to Otto von Bismarck's anti-Catholic policy , the Burbach pastor could not be filled. When, in June 1873, important Catholic notables from Burbach called on the residents to oppose Bismarck's religious policy, the situation escalated. One of the main initiators was sentenced by the authorities in Saarbrücken to three weeks in prison and a fine of 100 thalers. Saarbrücken's liberal newspapers, loyal to the Reich, unanimously condemned the resistance of the Burbach Catholics and described them as "enemies of the Reich" and "dark men", referring to the letters from the 16th century.
When, on October 28, 1874, the Eligius Church in Burbach could finally be consecrated by the Trier auxiliary bishop Johann Jakob Kraft , this was celebrated like a victory by the Burbach Catholics. The Catholic houses were festively decorated. There were pictures of saints and of Pope Pius IX. set up. A banner with a provocative inscription had also been unveiled, referring to the Jesus rock word ( Mt 16:18 EU ): "Whether angry hell goes to battle, whether malice, lies and deceit raise the voice, whether storms and waves hits the rock, the ninth Pius stands and does not waver.
The state authorities, which had tried to prevent the inauguration of St. Eligius, demonstratively stayed away from the celebrations. Only when the disputes of the Kulturkampf had softened, St. Eligius received - 10 years after the inauguration - a first pastor. In 1892, the "Burbach Catholic Association" was established, which developed into an important parish hall and functioned as a meeting place for Burbach's Catholic associations (workers' association, youth association, congregation of young women, rosary association). The Catholic associations should help preserve denominational and social identity. However, numerous Catholic officials have been pressured by their superiors to stay away from such activities.
After the number of Catholics in 1905 doubled that of Evangelicals (Catholics: 25,424; Evangelicals: 12,969), the construction of the Burbach Herz-Jesu-Kirche began in 1912 and was completed in 1914. Built in the 1950s, Catholic Church of St. Helena was profaned in 2009 and burned in 2012, probably by arson, from.
Churches in Burbach
- St. Eligius (Saarbrücken-Burbach) (Catholic), neo-Gothic, built 1868–1870 and 1871–1873 by the Saarlouis master builder Carl Friedrich Müller, reconstruction after war destruction by the Trier architect Heinrich Schneider
- Matthäuskirche (Saarbrücken-Burbach) (Protestant), neo-Gothic, built 1892–1898 by Eduard Philipp Arnold , reconstruction after being destroyed in the war by Helmut Zieboldt
- Herz-Jesu-Kirche (Saarbrücken) (Catholic), neo-Romanesque, built from 1912 to 1914 by Ludwig Becker and Anton Falkowski , reconstruction after war destruction by Fritz Thoma (Trier)
- St. Helena (Catholic): The Church of St. Helena was originally the Holy Robe Pilgrimage in 1959 in Trier was built as a pilgrim church on time. After that it found a new purpose in Burbach-Füllengarten as an "emergency church". In the course of time, structural and structural defects arose, for the rectification of which the diocese of Trier did not provide any funds. St. Helena was officially deedicated on May 4, 2009 and the building was declared profane . On July 5, 2009, the building was closed and a farewell service was held in front of the building. After the Eucharistic celebration which was monstrance with the Blessed Sacrament transferred with two carriages in the Burbach Parish Church of St. Eligius. The altar, the tabernacle and the baptismal font from St. Helena should find a place in another Saarbrücken church. The organ was sold to the Catholic parish in Werbeln . This organ was built in 1962 by the Lower Bavarian organ builder Michael Weise in Plattling . The newly acquired altarpiece was integrated into parts of the new parish hall of St. Eligius, the stained glass windows were added to a new use stored. After the completion of the new parish center in St. Eligius with the new kindergarten the entire site of the former parish center of St. Helena was sold and demolished the existing buildings. The church building was exposed to vandalism from this time and burned down on July 12, 2012 despite a massive fire brigade operation. The police are investigating arson. As part of the merger of parishes St. Eligius, St. Helena and the Sacred Heart in Burbach the services now take place in the Parish Church of St. Eligius.
- Markuskirche (Protestant): The church, built in 1965, was profaned in 2007. After being converted into a dance hall, it is now used by Tanzsport-Gesellschaft Grün-Gold Saarbrücken e. V. used as a club home. Your 1966 by Hermann Eule Orgelbau Bautzen built organ came to Mary Magdalene Church in Saarbrücken of 2006.
graveyard
schools
- Weyersberg primary school, opposite the Protestant St. Matthew's Church on the Burbacher Weyersberg
- Primary school filling garden
- Rastbachtal comprehensive school
- Economics high school / Saarland college
Culture and administration
The community center in Burbach on the market with Festhalle and Bürgeramt West is the citizens, associations and organizations for cultural and private usages available.
In the Burbacher Strasse there is also the Kulturverein Burbach eV, which offers contemporary art the westernmost exhibition space in Saarbrücken and realizes changing cultural projects and offers.
The E-Werk event hall has established itself on the Saar terraces .
Personalities
- Hubert Nold (1861–1935), Protestant pastor and superintendent in Malstatt-Burbach
- Karl August Schleiden (1928–2009), philologist, art collector, private scholar, publisher and author
Web links
- History of Burbach at saarlandbilder.net
- Literature on Burbach (Saarbrücken) in the Saarland Bibliography
Individual evidence
- ^ District dossier (PDF; 24 kB); Retrieved June 6, 2015
- ↑ Saarbrücken-Burbach district development concept (PDF; 8.7 MB); Retrieved June 6, 2015
- ↑ Topographic map of the district boundaries in the neighborhoods documentation Burbach, p.56 (PDF; 8.3 MB), accessed on June 7, 2015
- ↑ Rolf Spang : The waters behalf of the Saarland , Saarbrücken 1982, p 182. ISBN 3-921646-45-6
- ^ Albert Ruppersberg : History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, pp. 154-160, especially pp. 159-160.
- ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, p. 161.
- ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, pp. 173-181.
- ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, p. 182.
- ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, pp. 179-181.
- ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, p. 187.
- ^ Mathieu: Network formation and the constitution of the Saar inter-region, page 6 (PDF; 41 kB)
- ↑ Cinema Wiki, 1950 ( Memento of the original September 3, 2014 Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link is automatically inserted and not yet tested. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.saarlandbilder.net/orte/saarbruecken/burbach/geschichte.html
- ↑ Kurt Hoppstädter: The coat of arms of the Saarland, part 1, ed. v. Historical Association for Saarland e. V. in cooperation with the archive of the Saarland government, Saarbrücken, 1953, pp. 77–79.
- ^ Rolf Wittenbrock: Die Drei Saarstädte (1860-1908): Local self-government and political culture, in: Rolf Wittenbrock: Geschichte der Stadt Saarbrücken, Vol. 2, From the time of stormy growth to the present, Saarbrücken 1999, p. 11– 38, here p. 36.
- ↑ Sub-monument list (Burbach district): https://www.saarbruecken.de/media/download-532af5c6b3c4c , accessed on July 7, 2015.
- ↑ Hilary Wilscheid: Pfarr history of the Catholic Parish St. Eligius Saarbrücken-Burbach, Saarbrücken 1930, p 13, p. 28
- ↑ Rolf Wittenbrock: The three Saar cities (1860-1908): School system, culture and religious life, in: Rolf Wittenbrock: History of the City of Saarbrücken, Vol. 2, From the time of stormy growth to the present, Saarbrücken 1999, p. 98 –113, here p. 111.
- ↑ Hilary Wilscheid: Pfarr history of the Catholic Parish St. Eligius Saarbrücken-Burbach, Saarbrücken 1930, p 13, p. 28
- ^ Saarbrücker Zeitung of October 31, 1873.
- ↑ Rolf Wittenbrock: The three Saar cities (1860-1908): School system, culture and religious life, in: Rolf Wittenbrock: History of the City of Saarbrücken, Vol. 2, From the time of stormy growth to the present, Saarbrücken 1999, p. 98 –113, here p. 112.
- ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, pp. 199-210.
- ↑ Blocked St. Helena Church in Burbach is not being renovated ( memento from August 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) at cms.museum-am-dom-trier.de, accessed on September 13, 2014.
- ↑ http://www.werbeln.de/pfarrgemeinde-st-antonius/kirchenorgel/ , accessed on September 13, 2014.
- ↑ Archive link ( memento of October 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on September 13, 2014.
- ↑ Archive link ( memento from September 13, 2014 in the archive.today web archive ), accessed on September 13, 2014.
- ↑ http://www.kunstlexikonsaar.de/architektur/artikel/-/kirchenbau-und-kunst-im-sakralen-raum-nach-1945-im-saarland-evangelische-kirchen-regionalverband-s-9/
- ↑ http://www.grundschule-weyersberg.de/ , accessed on September 20, 2014.
- ↑ http://www.saarbruecken.de/leben_in_saarbruecken/freizeit/festhallen_und_buergerhaeuser , accessed on September 21, 2014.
- ↑ http://www.saarbruecken.de/rathaus/buergerservice/saarbruecker_buergeraemter , accessed on September 21, 2014.
- ↑ Kulturverein-burbach.de
1 Middle : Alt-Saarbrücken , Malstatt (with Rastpfuhl , Rußhütte and Rodenhof ), St. Johann (with Rabbit Mountain , Nauwieser Viertel and Rotenbühl ), Eschberg , Sankt Arnual (with Winterberg )
2 West : Gersweiler , Klarenthal , Altenkessel and Burbach (with Von der Heydt )
3 Dudweiler : Dudweiler , Jägersfreude , Herrensohr , Scheidt
4 Halberg : Schafbrücke , Bischmisheim , Ensheim , Brebach-Fechingen (with Neufechingen ), Eschringen , Güdingen , Bübingen