Sacred Heart Church (Saarbrücken)
The Catholic Herz-Jesu-Kirche ( ) in Saarbrücken was designed by the architects Ludwig Becker and Anton Falkowski and inaugurated in 1914 . The neo-Romanesque church is dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus as a patronage . The feast of the patronage is the solemn feast of the Sacred Heart of Jesus on the third Friday after Pentecost . The church, listed as an individual monument in the Saarland's list of monuments , is located at Odilienbergstrasse 1, in the Saarbrücken district of Burbach . The Herz-Jesu-Kirche is historically the third Catholic church of the municipality of Malstatt-Burbach, which was independent from 1874/75 to 1909 , after the Burbach St. Eligius Church and the Malstatter St. Josefskirche . The church is assigned to the diocese of Trier .
Church history of Burbach
- middle Ages
Since it was founded in the Middle Ages, Burbach has been given pastoral care by the neighboring village of Malstatt .
- reformation
With the great church visit of 1575, the Lutheran denomination was forcibly introduced in Burbach as well.
- Catholic churches in Burbach
Burbach developed rapidly due to industrialization, especially at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, due to the local steel and mining industry.
The neo-Gothic St. Eligius Church was built in the years 1869 to 1873 in the Burbacher Bergstrasse for the group of Catholic residents, which had grown considerably in number . As a result of the Kulturkampf , this parish remained vacant until 1884 and was looked after from St. Johann .
After the number of Catholics had risen rapidly to 25,424 Catholics in 1905, and the St. Eligius Church could no longer cope with the increased number of Burbach's Catholic population, the Burbach pastor Heinrich Assenmacher therefore suggested the construction of another Catholic church.
On October 5, 1910, the Burbacher Hütte provided the building site for a new Catholic church and in 1911 also donated 50,000 marks for the construction of the Sacred Heart Church. Construction began under the local construction management of the architect Karl Kremer (Saarbrücken) on November 10, 1912. The foundation stone for the church, estimated at 200,000 marks, took place six months later, on May 1, 1913. On June 5, 1914, Dechant Echelmeyer held the first service. On June 8, 1916, the church was consecrated by the Trier bishop Michael Felix Korum and pastorally took over by pastor Philipp Maß.
Until the certification on November 18, 1921, the Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus was run as a branch of the parish of St. Eligius; the parish of the Sacred Heart of Jesus was not officially established until 1922. The construction costs for the church building amounted to around 180,000 marks. Behind the left side of the chancel the rectory was inaugurated on December 15, 1926.
The church was so badly damaged by bombs during the Second World War in 1944 that it could no longer be used by the parish until it was rebuilt in 1950. As a makeshift church served first the St. Anna chapel of the nearby Burbach Smelting hospital, then two wooden barracks that had been erected on the church forecourt in the Hubert-Müller-Strasse. In the post-war period, the church was rebuilt and redesigned under the direction of the architect Fritz Thoma (Trier). From 1949 on, Josef Paulus took over the job of pastor. Under his leadership, the construction work was completed on June 30, 1950. In 1958 the high altar was replaced by a sacramental altar.
He was succeeded by Pastor Alois Bettscheider, who worked in the parish until June 1967. During his tenure, a kindergarten was built behind the right-hand side of the choir and inaugurated in 1963; the parsonage belonging to it was inaugurated in 1965. The successor, who only lasted ten months, was Pastor Rudolf Schneiders, who passed away on January 23, 1969.
As a result, Pastor Vinzenz Kiefer took over the parish. During his tenure between 1985 and 1988 he carried out extensive modernization and renovation measures. In the course of these measures, a sacrament altar was erected, the Lady Chapel was redesigned and the organ in the two transepts was dismantled. A new organ, consisting of parts of the old one, was built in 1992 by the Mayer company on the gallery. In addition, the vault gussets and the apse were painted ornamentally.
Since the first Sunday in Advent 2003, the Trier diocese has taken over the church for a spiritual project in the city and in the Saarbrücken deanery. The activities were carried out under the name "Kloster am Rande der Stadt" by Pastor Johannes Kreier. The “ad experimentum” phase ended with the establishment of the “monastery on the edge of the city” on October 23, 2005 by the Trier diocesan bishop Reinhard Marx . On this date, Johannes Kreier was also given the rectorate of the newly established monastery church. The diocese of Trier made the rectory available to the sisters of St. Clare. Since the establishment of the branch by Bishop Reinhard Marx, it has been called "St. Klara House". After 14 years, the “monastery on the outskirts of the city” was closed again in March 2019 by the sisters of St. Clare.
The former parish was reintegrated into the former mother parish of St. Eligius in 2004. Since the reintegration into the parish of St. Eligius, the Lauds and Eucharist celebrations have been taking place in the Sacred Heart of Jesus on working days , one day also in Latin.
architecture
After long negotiations about a suitable building site, the plans drawn up by the Mainz architects Ludwig Becker and Anton Falkowski were approved by the state authorities in August 1912. The construction costs were estimated at 200,000 marks. The two architects who designed numerous church buildings in Saarland were represented on site by the Saarbrücken architect Karl Kremer. Construction began on November 10, 1912, the foundation stone was laid on May 1, 1913 and the solemn benediction of the new church took place on July 5, 1914.
Exterior
- Architectural parallels to the crossing tower and the facade towers
Cologne, Great St. Martin, tower; Model for the Burbach crossing tower
Franz-von-Assisi-Church in Vienna
Toro, Colegiata de Santa María la Mayor, sixteen-sided crossing tower
Sainte Foy Abbey in Conques, late 11th to early 12th century
Willibrord Basilica, Echternach
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The neo-Romanesque basilica has three aisles. Its double tower facade protrudes minimally over the width of the central nave. A wide middle section of the facade is framed by two slim, three-storey towers. The two facade towers of the Sacred Heart of Jesus show a strong resemblance to the facade towers of the abbey church of Sainte Foy in Conques or those of the monastery church of Echternach , especially in the design of the upper floors and the helmets .
The portal hall rises on pillars in three arches. The large central arch is raised by an eyelash , on the tip of which a life-size Sacred Heart figure raises its hands in blessing. A shortened inscription from the Gospel of Matthew appears in the eyelashes: “Come to me, I will refresh you” ( Mt 11:28 EU ). The IHS symbol is attached in a circular ornament below the Jesus statue . The arched area of the entrance portal vividly shows the armored Archangel Michael , the patron of Germany, with a drawn flaming sword and shield (inscription: “Who is like God”).
A monumental arched niche in the facade hides a large round tracery window . Round windows are also found in the facades of the east transepts (eight-part spoked wheels with small stone circles around a central ring, with small buttons decorating the spokes and the inside of the ring). The round arch niche is covered by an arch made of solid wedge stone blocks, which unites with the second tower floors of the two flank towers. A structured gable, above which a cross rises on a bent pyramid, completes the facade structure.
Small transept arms are attached to the west yoke of the nave, which connect to the central nave at the same height as the three aisles and are aligned with them. The left west transept closes in an apse, the right one is just closing.
The projecting east transept forms a Latin cross with the main nave and the choir bay, to which the west transept, side aisles, side choirs and choir closure are subordinate in an additive manner.
Buttresses with small buckled hoods stand on the outer walls of the side aisles in front of wide pilaster strips . The upper storeys are also divided in this way. The eaves have small, differently designed console stones, which are composed of small rods, rollers and circles and frame the yoke units as decorative shapes. Windows, portal walls, portal arches and sill cornices are friezed by roll and block friezes, cord and egg bars in many variations. The small window frames are also adorned in this way in a complicated arrangement. Some of the decorative shapes of the neo-Romanesque building are reminiscent of the coming Art Deco phase. The Herz-Jesu-Kirche in Burbach is an architectural testimony to the detachment of church construction from historicism .
The large, almost 60 m high crossing tower , designed for long-distance effects, is transferred from the square to the hexagon on the open floor. It is accompanied on four sides by octagonal corner towers and is heavily inspired by the design of the Romanesque church Groß St. Martin in Cologne. Another architectural parallel of the Burbach crossing tower with its hexagon is the crossing tower of the collegiate church Colegiata de Santa María la Mayor in Toro in Castile-León . However, the tower roof is much lower here than in Burbach.
There are strong architectural parallels in terms of the external design to the Franz von Assisi Church in Vienna designed by Victor Luntz , which was completed in 1910 and consecrated in 1913 a year before the Burbach Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
The Warendorf Church of St. Mary , built by Ludwig Becker in 1911, shows clear parallels in the architectural structure of the interior to the Burbach Sacred Heart Church, which was designed a short time later. Likewise, the facade planned by Becker for Warendorf , but not completed, with its vestibule and the monumental arched niche flanked by a tower with a round tracery window shows strong similarities with the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Burbach. Likewise, the Burbach transept roses and the fan windows have their predecessors in Warendorf. While Becker in Warendorf is even more oriented towards the Staufer Romanesque, the Sacred Heart is already increasingly pointing towards the emerging Art Deco .
Interior
In the nave, cross-shaped pillars with round arches divide the ships. The yokes are vaulted in four parts and emphasized by belt arches. A high coffin wall extends between the arcade zone and the vault. The ribs and arches end in the central nave, east transept and in the choir bay on simple console stones directly under the sill of the neo-late Romanesque, fan-shaped upper cladding window . The fan windows clearly refer to the similarly designed fan windows of the Bonn Minster or the St. Mauritius Church in Heimersheim .
In the side yokes, the vault ribs and arches end in flat services. The arms of the west transept serve as chapels and extend the west yoke.
The crossing of the church is vaulted by a large pendentive dome. At the end of the east transepts, the arcade sequence of the nave is continued by four round-arched blind niches.
The side choirs open up in round arches to the east transept and the choir room. The cross-rib vaulted side choirs are designed as four sides of an octagon on the outside and rounded on the inside.
The main apse is slightly drawn in by an arch and exposed through a row of arched windows with overlapping arches. A calotte closes the former high altar area at the top.
The interior of the Burbach Herz-Jesu-Kirche was largely dispensed with decorative decorations. The design of the wall templates, fighters and consoles is kept simple.
Reinhard Heß designed the eight choir windows that illustrate the Litany of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in 1953. The stained glass windows show the Archangels Gabriel and Michael, among others.
Pastor at the Herz-Jesu-Kirche
Pastor of the parish
- 1923–1948: Philipp Maß
- 1949–1954: Josef Paulus
- 1954–1968: Alois Bettscheider
- March 1968 – January 1969: Rudolf Josef Schneiders
- 1969–2003: Vinzenz Kiefer
- since 2003: Johannes Joachim Kreier
Chaplains of the community
- 1923–1927: Josef Stiner
- 1925–1931: Jakob Rosen
- 1927–1928: Nikolaus Kolling
- 1928–1930: Alois Löw
- 1930–1933: Peter Scherhag
- 1931–1934: Dionys Schweisthal
- 1933–1936: Karl Malburg
- 1934–1939: Josef Schönhofen
- 1936–1939: Hermann Palm
- 1939–1942: + 1946–1947 Johann Zenz
- 1939–1941: + 1945–1952 Werner Burkhart
- 1941–1943: Alfons Reinstadler
- 1942–1946: Helmut Meisner
- 1952–1955: Peter Klein
- 1955–1957: Otto Mansion
- 1957–1960: Thomas Kopp
- 1960–1964: Richard Mayer
- 1964–1968: Rainer Vogt
Bells
As early as 1915, the renowned Otto bell foundry from Hemelingen / Bremen cast three bronze bells for the Herz-Jesu-Kirche with the tones of '- es' - f'. These were melted down during the First World War. Between the two world wars, Otto then delivered a ring of four bells in 1932 (tone sequence: h - dis - fis - gis), which were inaugurated in 1932 and of which three bells were melted down again in 1942 "for military service purposes". Only the f sharp bell survived the war. In 1958, the Saarlouis bell foundry cast four new bells. These bells are the third generation of Otto bells for the Herz-Jesu-Kirche. The new bells were inaugurated in 1958.
| No. | Surname | volume | Weight (kg) |
diameter
(mm) |
inscription |
| 1 | Christ the King | h 0 | 2860 | 1666 | "Christ Victor - Christ King - Christ Ruler" |
| 2 | Maria | cis 1 | 2030 | 1475 | "O Mary, Virgin and Mother of the Worlds, High Queen, help us to peace and salvation" |
| 3 | Joseph | dis 1 | 1420 | 1314 | "Joseph, worker of God, guide us in the prayer of our working hands and watching hearts to bring the world home with Christ" |
| 4th | Philip (from 1932) | f sharp 1 | 850 | 1149 | "I want to be Philip's voice: carry Christ into the world and sacrifice good and blood with apostolic courage for Christ's Church" |
| 5 | Pius X. | g sharp 1 | 720 | 1025 | "Pius X., Shepherd of the flock, that we live anew in Christ, for those who are hungry and erring you will break our bread with mercy" |
organ
The first organ of the Herz-Jesu Church with 34 registers was installed in 1930/31 by the Aachen company Stahlhuth and inaugurated on January 18, 1931. In 1950 the company Späth (Ennetach-Mengen) rebuilt the organ and moved it from the west gallery to the two transepts. The organ also received a new console . The disposition included 1950 38 speaking stops on three manuals and pedal . During the renovation work in 1985, this instrument was replaced by an organ designed by Prof. Paul Schneider and installed by Hugo Mayer Orgelbau . A large part of the 34 registers was taken over from the previous organ.
Church life
The number of children in the attached Herz-Jesu kindergarten, which was around 100 when it was founded in 1963, has fallen to around 70 over the years. The number rose briefly at the end of the 1980s when 200 emigrants were admitted to the nearby building of the former hut hospital.
Pastor Philipp Maas founded an association in 1924, which became part of the DJK Burbach. Banned by the National Socialists, the sports club was re-established in 1955. In addition to a soccer department, the club also had a gymnastics and table tennis department. Pastor Maas also founded the St. Joseph Catholic Workers' Association in 1935, which was banned that same year. In 1958 Pastor Bettscheider gave the impetus to found a parish group of the Catholic Workers' Movement , which, however, could no longer match the pre-war membership.
The parish was shaped by the activities of numerous groups and circles until it was reintegrated into the original parish. a. the Heilig-Geist-Sisters in the Caritas-Klinik St. Theresia, the scouts or the church choir . Many offices in the church are filled by volunteers.
literature
- The Catholic Saarland, Home and Church, ed. by L. Sudbrack, A. Jakob, Volume I, Saarbrücken 1954–1956, p. 23.
- Festschrift on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the consecration of the parish church Herz-Jesu Saarbrücken 1914–1964, publisher: Katholische Kirchengemeinde Herz-Jesu, Saarbrücken, undated undated (1964).
- Festschrift: 75 years of the parish church Herz-Jesu Saarbrücken-Burbach, publisher: Catholic parish Herz-Jesu, Saarbrücken 1989.
- Hans Berthold Busse: Saarbrücken-Burbach, parish church Herz-Jesu , in: Archive for Middle Rhine Church History, Monument Preservation in the Diocese of Trier, 41st year, 1989, p. 510.
- Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments - Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland , edited by Hans Caspary u. a., 2nd edition, Munich and Berlin 1984, p. 902.
- Marschall, Kristine: Sacred buildings of classicism and historicism in Saarland . Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland, Saarbrücken 2002, ISBN 978-3-923877-40-9 , p. 319-320, 555-556, 627-628 .
- Alois Thomas and Ulrich Craemer: New Buildings in the Diocese of Trier (Monographs of the Building Industry, Volume 17), ed. from the department "Building and Art" of the Episcopal Vicariate Trier, Stuttgart 1961, p. 121.
swell
- Construction plans from 1912 in the archive of the Lower Building Supervisory Authority Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken house file, Odilienbergstrasse 1
- Institute for contemporary art in Saarland, archive, holdings Saarbrücken, Herz Jesu (Dossier K 130)
Web links
- Monastery on the outskirts of the city
- Photos of the Herz-Jesu-Kirche
- Full bells of the Catholic monastery church Herz Jesu in Saarbrücken-Burbach
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Information on the Herz-Jesu-Kirche Saarbrücken-Burbach on: www.kunstlexikonsaar.de. Retrieved August 5, 2013
- ↑ List of monuments of the Saarland, partial list of monuments state capital Saarbrücken (PDF; 638 kB), accessed on August 5, 2013
- ^ Albert Ruppersberg : History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914.
- ↑ In 1871, 5,076 people lived in Burbach, in 1925 already 25,000
- ^ Albert Ruppersberg: History of the former county of Saarbrücken, history of the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann 1815-1909, the city of Malstatt-Burbach and the united city of Saarbrücken until 1914, Volume III, Part 2, 2nd edition from 1914, Saarbrücken 1914, pp. 199-210.
- ↑ a b c d e Festschrift: 75 years parish church Herz-Jesu Saarbrücken Burbach. Ed .: Catholic parish Herz-Jesu, Saarbrücken, no year.
- ^ Josef Moritz: Church Lexicon. May 5, 2010, accessed August 6, 2011 .
- ↑ a b c d Julius Roth: Data on the Burbacher Chronik 1313 to 2000 . Saarbrücken ( yumpu.com [accessed on March 14, 2016]).
- ↑ "Prayer is the key to everything" - Bishop Marx opens "Monastery on the outskirts of the city" in Saarbrücken-Burbach On: cms.pfarreigemeinschaft-rheinboellen.de. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
- ↑ http://www.klaraschwestern.at/saarbruecken.htm , accessed on February 16, 2020.
- ↑ Document on the establishment of the parish and church community Saarbrücken St. Eligius ( Memento of the original from April 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. On: cms.dekanat-rhein-wied.de. Retrieved August 5, 2013
- ↑ Peter Wagner, Aloisius Wagner: Monastery on the outskirts of the city . Saarbrücker Zeitung , 22./23. February 2014, No. 45, p. E1
- ↑ Kristine Marschall: Sacral buildings of classicism and historicism in Saarland, Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland, Saarbrücken 2002, pp. 319-320, 555-556, 627-628.
- ↑ Kristine Marschall: Sacral buildings of classicism and historicism in Saarland, Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland, Saarbrücken 2002, pp. 319-320, 555-556, 627-628.
- ^ Institute for contemporary art in Saarland, archive, holdings Saarbrücken, Herz Jesu (Dossier K 130)
- ↑ Kristine Marschall: Sacred buildings of classicism and historicism in Saarland, Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland, Saarbrücken 2002, p. 125.
- ↑ Kristine Marschall: Sacral buildings of classicism and historicism in Saarland, Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland, Saarbrücken 2002, pp. 319-320, 555-556, 627-628.
- ↑ Brigitte Quack: The choir area shines in colored light. (No longer available online.) In: Saarbrücker Zeitung. July 25, 2012, formerly in the original ; Retrieved September 8, 2013 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Gerhard Reinhold: Otto Glocken - family and company history of the bell foundry dynasty Otto . Self-published, Essen 2019, ISBN 978-3-00-063109-2 , p. 588, here in particular pp. 520, 538, 568 .
- ↑ Gerhard Reinhold: Church bells - Christian world cultural heritage, illustrated using the example of the bell founder Otto, Hemelingen / Bremen . Nijmegen / NL 2019, p. 556, here in particular pp. 483, 498, 518 , urn : nbn: nl: ui: 22-2066 / 204770 (dissertation at Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen).
- ^ Gerhard Reinhold: Otto bells . 2019, p. 87 to 95 .
- ↑ Festschrift: 50 years of the parish church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Ed .: Catholic parish Herz-Jesu, Saarbrücken, o. JS 29
- ^ A b Organ of the Sacred Heart Church Saarbrücken
Coordinates: 49 ° 14 ′ 49 ″ N , 6 ° 57 ′ 11.3 ″ E