Reinhard Marx

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Reinhard Cardinal Marx
(2010)
Cardinal coat of arms

Reinhard Cardinal Marx (born September 21, 1953 in Geseke ) is cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and since February 2008 Archbishop of Munich and Freising as well as Metropolitan of the associated ecclesiastical province . Since 2010 he has been the Cardinal Priest of San Corbiniano . From 2012 to 2018 Cardinal Marx was President of the Commission of the Bishops 'Conferences of the European Community (ComECE), from 2014 to March 2020 he was Chairman of the German Bishops' Conference . He is a grand priorthe German Lieutenancy of the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem . On June 4, 2021, Marx announced that he had offered the Pope the resignation of his office as Archbishop of Munich and Freising in order to take responsibility for errors of the Church as an institution in cases of sexual abuse .

Life

Beginnings, school and university education

Reinhard Marx grew up as the son of a master locksmith in Geseke, Westphalia. He passed the Abitur examination in 1972 at the Antonianum grammar school (active there in the Bund New Germany ) in Geseke. He then studied Catholic theology at the Paderborn Theological Faculty and in Paris .

priest

On June 2, 1979, he received the sacrament of ordination by Archbishop Johannes Joachim Degenhardt . His two-year activity as vicar in Arolsen was followed by a second degree from 1981 to 1989 at the Ruhr University in Bochum and the Westphalian Wilhelms University in Münster . In 1988 Marx was employed by the fundamental theologian Hermann Josef Pottmeyer at the Catholic Theological Faculty of the Ruhr University Bochum with the work Is Church Different? - Possibilities and limits of a sociological approach to the Dr. theol. PhD .

In 1989 he became director of the social institute Kommende Dortmund of the Archdiocese of Paderborn in the Brackel district of Dortmund . During his activity in the Kommende, Reinhard Marx was a subsidiary in the St. Ewaldi community in Aplerbeck .

In 1990 he was appointed Grand Officer of the Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem by Cardinal Grand Master Giuseppe Cardinal Caprio and invested by Franz Cardinal Hengsbach , Grand Prior of the German Lieutenancy . On June 21, 1993, Pope John Paul II awarded him the title of “ Chaplain to His Holiness ”. In 1996 he was appointed associate professor for Christian social studies at the Paderborn Theological Faculty.

bishop

Archbishop Reinhard Marx (2009)

On 23 July 1996 appointed him Pope John Paul II. To the titular of Petina and auxiliary bishop in the archdiocese of Paderborn. The episcopal ordination received his Archbishop Johannes Joachim Degenhardt on 21 September of the same year; Co-consecrators were the two Paderborn auxiliary bishops Hans Leo Drewes and Paul Consbruch . On December 20, 2001, Pope John Paul II appointed him to succeed Hermann Josef Hospital as 102nd Bishop of Trier . He was inducted into office on April 1, 2002. His bishop's motto Ubi spiritus domini, ibi libertas (“Where the Spirit of the Lord works, there is freedom”) comes from 2 Cor 3:17  EU . In 1999, Marx became chairman of the German Commission Justitia et Pax (“Justice and Peace”), which is supported by the German Bishops' Conference and the Central Committee of German Catholics . He was confirmed in this office in 2004 for a further five years. The German Bishops' Conference elected him at the autumn 2004 general assembly as chairman of their commission for social issues. In 2006, as successor to Anton Schlembach , Marx became Grand Prior of the German Lieutenancy of the Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem .

In 2006, as Bishop of Trier , Marx failed to investigate several cases of sexual abuse by a Trier diocesan priest in accordance with the guidelines for dealing with the sexual abuse of minors by clerics, members of the religious order and other employees in the area of ​​the German Bishops' Conference . The public prosecutor's office had to discontinue the proceedings despite sufficient suspicion against the priest due to the statute of limitations. Although she reported the cases to Marx, he did not respond - neither the accused nor the victim were heard by him. Through his spokesman, he announced in 2019 that he was very troubled by his failure and that he would act differently today. In connection with investigating cases of sexual violence in the church, the criminologist Christian Pfeiffer accused Marx of blocking access to data for scientists instead of allowing transparency. The church has prevented researchers from uncovering "the joint responsibility of bishops, dioceses and administrations, which extends to the present day".

archbishop

Pope Benedict XVI appointed Marx Archbishop of Munich and Freising on November 30, 2007. By virtue of this office he is also chairman of the Freising Bishops' Conference . On June 29, 2008, as Metropolitan of the Church of Munich and Freising , Marx received the pallium in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome . As the successor to Eichstätt Bishop Gregor Maria Hanke , he was appointed Grand Chancellor of the Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt on February 1, 2010 ; he took over the office in October 2010.

On June 4, 2021, it was announced that Cardinal Marx had offered Pope Francis his resignation as Archbishop in a letter dated May 21, 2021 . Marx wrote in the letter that his main concern was "to bear joint responsibility for the catastrophe of sexual abuse by officials of the church in the past decades"; there had been “a lot of personal failure and administrative errors”, but “also institutional or systemic failure”. The Catholic Church had reached a “dead point”, but it could also be a “turning point”.

cardinal

Marx speaks at a rally against anti-Semitism in Berlin, Jan. September 2014

In the consistory of November 20, 2010, Pope Benedict XVI. Bishop Marx as cardinal priest with the titular church of San Corbiniano in the college of cardinals . Until Rainer Maria Woelki was created in February 2012, Cardinal Marx was the youngest member of the College of Cardinals.

Pope Francis appointed Marx in April 2013 as a member of the Council of Cardinals , who should advise the Pope on the direction of the universal Church and, with a view to reforming the Curia , prepare changes to the Apostolic Constitution Pastor Bonus , which regulates the organization of the Curia.

Episcopal Conference

On March 12, 2014, Marx was elected chairman of the German Bishops' Conference at the spring general assembly in Münster . The term of office is six years. Within the Bishops' Conference, Marx is a member of the Commission for Societal Issues . On February 11, 2020, Marx declared that he would no longer be available for a second term in the upcoming election at the beginning of March 2020. On March 3, 2020, the German Bishops' Conference elected Limburg Bishop Georg Bätzing as his successor.

From March 22, 2012 to March 2018 he was President of the Commission of the Bishops' Conferences of the European Community (COMECE). He was confirmed in this office in March 2015 for a three-year term. He has been a member of this body since March 2006 as a delegate of the German Bishops' Conference and since March 20, 2009 he has held the office of Vice President of COMECE. The office of chairman is limited to two terms of office. In 2018 he was succeeded by the Bishop of Essen, Franz-Josef Overbeck, as a delegate. Since then, the new chairman has been the Archbishop of Luxembourg Jean-Claude Hollerich SJ

Viewpoints

Dialectic of Enlightenment

A central factor in Marx's thought is the term “ freedom ”, which is also reflected in his coat of arms. Marx understands human freedom from the perspective of Christian anthropology . Man as the image of God is "self-reliance in relation". For Marx, “self-status” is the inviolable human dignity that no one else is allowed to dispose of. He speaks of “relation” because he - following the Christian image of man - considers people to be fundamentally related to one another and not otherwise conceivable. Man is free because God addresses him as Creator and says: You should live. Marx admits that in the "early phase of their articulation [...] human rights were aggressively rejected by the Church" and rejected as "rampant doctrines of freedom". But he also refers to the encyclical Pacem in Terris from 1963, "with which the church's appreciation of human rights broke ground." Marx formulates three positions regarding the modern concept of freedom: 1) he does not want to go back to an old world; 2) the enlightenment does not answer what should be the content of freedom. Marx calls for the project of a “dialectic of the Enlightenment”, an “enlightened Enlightenment”; 3) The focus of this project must be on people and their dignity, which is always in danger.

The role of the church should not be that of a “moral producer”. Rather, it must proclaim the gospel that wants to give people access to God. In this way she reveals a reality that is greater than man, and still cares about him. In almost all of Marx's statements on economic-political or socio-ethical issues, it comes to light that a person's freedom comes from God and is therefore non-negotiable. In economic policy, it must apply that the economy is there for people, not the other way around.

Reinhard Marx is co-author of the common social word of the churches published in 1997. With reference to the Christian social doctrine, it understands human labor as having priority over capital and in this context calls for increased personal responsibility. Sometimes it was understood as a criticism of Kohl 's social policy.

Teaching

As the responsible bishop in 2003, after the ecumenical church convention in Berlin, he suspended the theology professor emeritus Gotthold Hasenhüttl from the priesthood because he had intercelebrated together in a communion service during the ecumenical church convention against a papal ban that had been repeated immediately before . The suspension was confirmed by the Vatican in 2004 . In the same year Marx refused the Tübingen ethicist Regina Ammicht Quinn the nihil obstat for teaching at Saarland University .

He attaches great importance to the teaching of the "Eucharistic Ecclesiology" according to Joseph Ratzinger , according to which the church as the people of God is primarily constituted from the body of Christ, i.e. from the celebration of the Eucharist . Since the celebration of the Eucharist is inextricably linked with the spiritual ministry, this is of particular importance. “The ecclesiastical office is therefore not just any functionaries or a bureaucratic apparatus that is needed for the organization. Such a functional view of the ecclesiastical office, the priestly service, the episcopal service does not correspond to what the people of God have lived and witnessed in faith in two thousand years. ”The pastor as head of a parish is therefore“ the Messenger of Christ himself in this parish by the bishop. ”He clearly differentiates what constitutes a parish when he says:“ The celebration of the Eucharist constitutes the parish, not the building, not the parish home, but the celebration of the Eucharist makes a parish a people of God, makes a diocese a People of God, make the church the people of God. "

Attitude to homosexuality

In 2011 Marx took part in the discussion forum of the Catholic Church in Mannheim and, according to the Evangelical Press Service, named dealing with "failed and broken people, including divorced and homosexuals" as a focus for change in the Catholic Church. The Lesbian and Gay Association criticized this as "insulting and degrading" and demanded either a rectification or an apology. In response to the criticism, Marx said he was "very unhappy" with the way his statements had been presented. One could "really not speak of the fact that homosexuals - or divorced people - are failed people." In an interview, Marx said that the church had "not always hit the right note" when dealing with the subject of homosexuality. The church stance, however, “that sexuality belongs in the faithful marital relationship between man and woman, which is open to children”. It is regrettable "if this concept of marriage is to be dissolved and thus the Christian conception of marriage and the state concept diverge further." The fact that not all people can live like this is "a pastoral challenge."

After a homosexual seminary from the Munich seminary, which is subordinate to the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising, published a selfie with a homosexual TV celebrity on Instagram at the beginning of 2021 , he was immediately expelled from the seminar "after consulting Reinhard Cardinal Marx". A word of regret remained on Marx's side.

Relationship between Church and State

In a speech on October 13, 2009 before the Bavarian State Parliament in Munich , he took the position that the practice of religion is not a private matter, but a public matter, since religion contributes to the foundations of the state and society. The "idea of ​​a positive neutrality of the state vis-à-vis religion" is based on the assumption that the secular constitutional state cannot justify itself, but is dependent on other sources of meaning. The ideological neutrality of the state would in no way imply a value neutrality of the state.

It is important to Reinhard Marx to protect Sunday as a “great cultural asset”, as he made clear in a conversation with regional bishop Heinrich Bedford-Strohm .

In February 2018, as President of the EU Bishops' Commission COMECE , Marx criticized the draft law presented by members of parliament in Iceland to ban the circumcision of boys, which constituted a “dangerous attack on religious freedom ”.

In April 2018, Marx criticized the Bavarian Prime Minister Markus Söder regarding the reason for his decision to have crosses placed in all government buildings under the administration of the Free State of Bavaria . The decision resulted in "division and unrest". It is also not up to the state to explain what the cross means. Marx called the social debate about the cross important, but everyone had to be included: Christians , Muslims , Jews and those who are not believers at all.

In July 2018, Marx said, referring to a "trend [...] towards the national, towards self-assertion" that he had observed: "Being a nationalist and being a Catholic is impossible." He also criticized the course of the CSU . A party with the C in its name has also taken on an obligation that applies particularly to the poor and the weak, such as refugees. He also disapproved of the use of the word “asylum tourism”: it sounds like “there are people out and about on vacation”, but many risk their lives. As early as autumn 2015, Marx had made it clear: “Our Christian identity would be in danger if we did not help the refugees. If we let people in need die at our limits, so to speak, then I don't give a damn about Christian identity. [...] Christian identity means first of all meeting one's neighbor who is weak. Otherwise I misunderstood something in the gospel. ”In February 2016, he said:“ Considerations to shoot defenseless refugees at the borders are unacceptable and misanthropic. Parties that express such a thing are no alternative for Germany . "

Separation of the presidency of the Eucharist and leadership of the community

In February 2021, at a hearing on the Synodal Way , he campaigned for the connection between the presidency of the Eucharist and the leadership of the community to be broken. Literally he said: “Only when representation in the Eucharist is combined with power in the Church do I have great problems. It can't be like that. You link that. It is said that only the representative in the Eucharist is also the one who leads the Church. And then of course I come to the conclusion: So only men can lead the church. This cant be true. So I can't imagine that this is any perspective for the future. If so, then one would have to separate jurisdiction and sacramentality. ”The Second Vatican Council had recently made this connection very strong, especially in the 3rd chapter of the Constitution on the Church lumen gentium , whose statements are then in the decree on service and life the priest presbyterorum ordinis were further developed.

Other religions

In October 2016, Cardinal Marx visited the Holy Land together with Regional Bishop Heinrich Bedford-Strohm . According to their own statement, both laid down their pectoral cross in Jerusalem “out of respect for their hosts” when visiting the Dome of the Rock and the Western Wall . In public, especially from right-wing circles, this was interpreted as “denial of the cross”, the gesture would be tantamount to “submission”.

Motto and coat of arms

As bishop, Reinhard Marx chose the motto Ubi spiritus domini ibi libertas ("Where the Spirit of the Lord (works / rules), there [is]] freedom") from Paul's second letter to the Corinthians ( 2 Cor 3:17  EU ) . He himself writes: “With this word (...) I wanted to make it clear that freedom is the essential theme of our faith. (...) In the modern world, belief was assumed to be accompanied by a loss of freedom. But the opposite is true. Freedom is the prerequisite for responsibility and love. (...) “Marx wears the lion of Mark in his coat of arms, a reference to the evangelist ; his family name is etymologically a short form of Markus .

Episcopate coat of arms Blazon of the shield
Auxiliary Bishop
in Paderborn
MarxPaderborn.jpg
 Quartered , 1 in red a gold cross the diocese coat of arms of Paderborn, 2 double-headed eagles on a black cross reminds of the St.-Klemens-Komende in Dortmund, originally a branch of the Teutonic Order, now the social institute of the Archdiocese of Paderborn, whose director Reinhard Marx since 1989 was. 3 from the city arms of Arolsen, where he had his first vicar position, 4 white cross on a blue background, the arms of his hometown Geseke. “Three quarters” of the episcopal coat of arms therefore refer to the biographical stations of the coat of arms owner.
Bishop
of Trier
MarxTrier.jpg
 Large coat of arms, red cross on a white background, the diocese coat of arms of Trier. A small coat of arms is put on, a winged golden lion with a full-bearded human head looking out on a blue background, an open Bible with the Greek letters Alpha and Omega in it, holding in its front paw. This is the evangelist symbol for the evangelist Mark . Thus the coat of arms became the "talking coat of arms", since Markus is the origin of the family name Marx .
Archbishop
of Munich and Freising
Coat of arms of Reinhard Marx, svg
 Quartered , 1 and 3 in gold a red-lipped Moor's head with a red crown, lace collar and earring, 2 and 4 in red a winged golden lion with a full-bearded human head, an open Bible with the Greek letters Alpha and Omega in its front paw. The coat of arms shows the Freising Mohr (traditionally in the coat of arms of the Archbishops of Munich) as well as a variant of the symbol of St. Mark (winged lion and open Bible), which contracts on the origin of the name Marx ('Marks' or 'Marx' from 'Markus') ) suggests.

Memberships

Roman Curia

Episcopal Conferences

Further memberships

Initiatives

In 2020 Reinhard Marx founded the non-profit foundation Spes et Salus ("Hope and Salvation"), with which people who are affected by sexual abuse in the area of ​​the Roman Catholic Church are to be supported, in order to increase the commitment of the Church in the prevention of sexual abuse Abuse and in the processing and recognition of the suffering of those affected. The foundation will cooperate with the Center for Child Protection at the Pontifical Gregorian University and the Foundation Meeting Center of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising in Rome. Marx contributed the largest part of his private assets to the foundation with EUR 500,000.

Honors

Marx was intended to be awarded the Great Federal Cross of Merit, which was to be awarded to him by Federal President Walter Steinmeier on April 30, 2021 . The Office of the Federal President explained that the honor went to the former chairman of the Bishops' Conference, who had “campaigned in a particularly distinctive way for justice and solidarity in society”. The honor was criticized by representatives of those affected by sexual abuse in the Roman Catholic Church , as Marx's role in several cases of abuse during his time as Bishop of Trier and the accusation of cover-up "have not yet been cleared up" and various investigations have not yet been completed. For those affected, an honor is “unbearable.” Marx then, for his part, declined to give the award out of consideration for those who would be offended by it.

Works

  • Is church different? Treatises on social ethics . Paderborn 1990.
  • You are the letter of Christ. Priesthood in the testimony of Therese von Lisieux , Johannes XXIII. and Romano Guardini . Paderborn 1999 (together with Peter Schallenberg ).
  • Christian social ethics: contours - principles - fields of action . Paderborn 2002 (together with Helge Wulsdorf).
  • We have Christ's mind. Saints as models of priestly spirituality . Paderborn 2002 (together with Peter Schallenberg).
  • Justice is possible. Heckling about the state of the welfare state . Freiburg 2004 (together with Bernhard Nacke).
  • Righteousness before God's face. Words that continue . Freiburg 2006.
  • The capital. A plea for people. With the collaboration of Arnd Küppers . Munich 2008.
  • Belief and education. A dialogue between theology and educational science . Schöningh, Paderborn 2013 (together with Klaus Zierer ).
  • faith! Kösel, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-466-37084-9 .
  • Church survived . Kösel, Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-466-37152-5 .
  • So that families have a future . Leipzig 2015 (together with Heiner Koch and Franz-Josef Bode).
  • Justice and participation for all. 125 years of Rerum novarum and Catholic social teaching , in: Church and Society , Green Series No. 432, Catholic Social Science Central Office (ed.), JP Bachem, Cologne 2016, ISBN 978-3-7616-3134-8 .
  • Freedom. Kösel Verlag, Munich 2020, ISBN 978-3-466-37261-4 (175 pages).

literature

  • Bruno Sonnen, Eugen Reiter (ed.): Reinhard Marx - Bishop of Trier . Paulinus Verlag, Trier 2003, ISBN 3-7902-1953-3 .
  • Armin Wouters (Ed.): We belong together. The new Archbishop Reinhard Marx and the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising . Verlag Sankt Michaelsbund, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-939905-17-2 .
  • Martin Lohmann : Man Marx. The cardinal in portrait. A biography of Archbishop Reinhard Marx. Updated and expanded new edition. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 2014, ISBN 978-3-451-31266-3 . (The first edition was published in 2008)
  • Joachim Starbatty : Marx in a human way. An archbishop provides a draft society. In: FAZ, No. 86, April 14, 2009, p. 10.
  • Philipp Gessler: A pious boy wants to go upstairs. The Archbishop of Munich, Reinhard Marx, is from Pope Benedict XVI. was appointed cardinal. In: the daily newspaper, West edition, October 21, 2010, p. 13.
  • Sophie Dannenberg: The rubber soles of power. Reinhard Cardinal Marx has more influence than any other Catholic clergyman in Germany. How does he work Out and about with the new head of the Bishops' Conference. In: CICERO. The magazine for political culture, May 2014, p. 40, was published online again on March 4, 2015 at: http://www.cicero.de/berliner- Republik/kardinal-reinhard-marx-die-gummisohlen-der- makes / 58943, but no longer available on March 9, 2015.

Web links

Commons : Reinhard Marx  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikiquote: Reinhard Marx  - Quotes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Head of the Order , accessed on October 14, 2018.
  2. ↑ tagesschau.de: Cardinal Marx from Munich offers Pope Francis resignation. Retrieved June 4, 2021 .
  3. ↑ Marx on resignation from office: "I am not tired of office, I am not demotivated" . In: FAZ.NET . June 4, 2021, ISSN  0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed June 4, 2021]).
  4. ↑ Annuario Pontificio per l'anno 1996 , Città del Vaticano 1996, p. 2273.
  5. ↑ The Bishops of Trier from the beginning until today . www.dominformation.de, accessed on February 20, 2016
  6. ^ "Bishop Marx new Grand Prior of the Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher" , October 11, 2006
  7. ↑ Annette Großbongardt: Papal Secret . In: Der Spiegel . No. 40 , September 28, 2019, p. 50-53 .
  8. ↑ Mona Botros and Thomas Schneider: Guilt without atonement? Südwestdeutscher Rundfunk, 2019, accessed on September 22, 2020 (German).
  9. ↑ a b The TIME v. April 19, 2019.
  10. ↑ Cardinal Reinhard Marx Archdiocese of Munich and Freising, February 2008
  11. ^ "Marx becomes Grand Chancellor of Eichstätt University" , Vatican Radio , February 1, 2010
  12. ↑ Article on Archbishop Marx in the Rheinische Post from October 20, 2010, accessed on March 9, 2014
  13. ↑ Cardinal Marx offers Pope Francis resignation. In: kathisch.de . General non-profit program company, June 4, 2021, accessed June 4, 2021 .
  14. ↑ tagesschau.de: Cardinal Marx from Munich offers Pope Francis resignation. Retrieved June 4, 2021 .
  15. ↑ Cardinal Marx offers Pope Francis resignation . In: erzbistum-muenchen.de . June 3, 2021, accessed June 3, 2021.
  16. ^ Concistoro Ordinario Pubblico per la Creazione di ventiquattro nuovi Cardinali (Continuazione) , in: Press Office of the Holy See: Daily Bulletin of November 20, 2010.
  17. ↑ a b Deutsche Welle, March 12, 2014: Cardinal Marx new chairman of the Bishops' Conference
  18. ^ Communicato della Segretaria di Stato. In: Daily Bulletin. Holy See Press Office, April 13, 2013, accessed April 13, 2013 (Italian, with English translation).
  19. ^ The group of cardinals advises the Pope on reforming the Curia
  20. ↑ Daniel Deckers: Second attempt, fourth ballot. faz.net, March 12, 2014, accessed March 12, 2014
  21. ^ Members, chairmen and deputy chairmen of the episcopal commissions and sub-commissions. In: Press release September 20, 2016 - No. 175th German Bishops' Conference, September 20, 2016, accessed on September 22, 2016 .
  22. ↑ https://www.faz.net/aktuell/kardinal-marx-sehen-sich-von-vorsitz-der-bischofskonferenz-zurueck-16628254.html
  23. ↑ Christoph Renzikowski / kna: A new Catholic "Mister Europe". Cardinal Marx from Munich becomes President of the EU Bishops' Commission. Domradio.de , March 13, 2012, accessed on March 23, 2012 .
  24. ↑ The EU stands for the human image of responsible freedom. Cardinal Marx from Munich becomes President of the EU Bishops' Commission. March 8, 2018, accessed March 23, 2018 .
  25. ↑ EU: Cardinal Marx remains President of ComECE. Vatican Radio, March 20, 2015, accessed on March 21, 2015 .
  26. ↑ comece.eu. Articles of Association , Art. 8.
  27. ↑ dbk.de: press report, February 22, 2018. ,
  28. ↑ Press release: Archbishop Jean-Claude Hollerich SJ elected as the new President of COMECE
  29. ↑ Reinhard Marx: Das Kapital , p. 33ff.
  30. ^ Matthias Drobinski : A bishop with a lot of capital , in: Süddeutsche Zeitung of November 29, 2007.
  31. ↑ The Church and the Freedom of Science - Bishop Marx refuses to be appointed professor (archive version). Archived from the original on March 30, 2004 ; Retrieved April 25, 2014 .
  32. ↑ Bishop Reinhard Marx: Church - as God's people on the way. New Year's Eve address 2006. In: www.bistum-trier.de. Bishop Dr. Stefan Ackermann, accessed on August 12, 2020 (German).
  33. ↑ Cardinal Marx: Homosexuals belong to the church. evangelisch.de, July 28, 2011, accessed December 3, 2018 .
  34. ↑ evangelisch.de/evangelischer pressedienst, July 10, 2011: Positive balance after the first Catholic discussion forum ( memento of March 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) via archive.org
  35. ↑ Fear is not an advisor. Cardinal Reinhard Marx on the future forum of the archdiocese and the dialogue process at the federal level (PDF; 1.1 MB). In: Münchner Kirchenzeitung, via erzbistum-muenchen.de , July 31, 2011. Accessed December 7, 2012.
  36. ↑ Franziska Brüning and Christian Krügel: “Homosexuals are also part of it” . In: sueddeutsche.de , July 28, 2011. Accessed December 7, 2012.
  37. ↑ Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR), April 26, 2021: "According to a photo with a gay" Bachelor ": seminary student must go", available at: https://www.br.de/nachrichten/kultur/nach-foto-mit-schwulem -bachelor-seminary-must-go, SVbtTAO .
  38. ↑ Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR), April 26, 2021: "According to a photo with a gay" Bachelor ": seminary student must go", available at: https://www.br.de/nachrichten/kultur/nach-foto-mit-schwulem -bachelor-seminary-must-go, SVbtTAO.
  39. ↑ The practice of religion is not a private matter - Archbishop Marx's lecture in the Bavarian State Parliament on Church and State October 13, 2009
  40. ↑ Cardinal Marx and Regional Bishop Bedford-Strohm in conversation , accessed on February 2, 2012
  41. ↑ Cardinal Marx criticizes planned circumcision ban in Iceland | DOMRADIO.DE. Retrieved February 18, 2018 .
  42. ↑ Cardinal Marx accuses Söder of split. Spiegel online from April 29, 2018
  43. ^ Matthias Drobinski , Jakob Wetzel : Cardinal Marx accuses Söder of split. Süddeutsche Zeitung from April 29, 2018
  44. ^ Right course of the CSU: Cardinal Marx attacks Seehofer and Söder. www.sueddeutsche.de, July 18, 2018
  45. ↑ Christian Hermes: “Church-political vigilance. The AfD as a touchstone. ”In: Stefan Orth, Volker Resing (ed.): AfD, Pegida and Co. Attack on religion? Herder, Freiburg 2017
  46. ↑ Recording of the live stream of the online conference of the Synodal Way on 4th / 5th. February 2021. In: Channel of the German Bishops' Conference on Youtube. P. 2:37:30 , accessed on February 10, 2021 (German).
  47. ↑ Cross filing: https://www.evangelisch.de/inhalte/140018/06-11-2016/bedford-strohm-kreuz-jerusalem-reinhard-marx
  48. ↑ See motto of Archbishop Reinhard Marx
  49. ↑ Annette Zoch, Reinhard Marx - Cardinal, who waives at the right time , in: Süddeutsche Zeitung of April 29, 2021
  50. ↑ a b Friedrich Kluge, 1917
  51. ^ Confirmation message , in: Holy See Press Office, Daily Bulletin, February 6, 2014
  52. ↑ Vatican-History, Appointments , Appointments, accessed May 26, 2011.
  53. ^ Vatican: New members of the Curia . Publication by Vatican Radio, December 29, 2010
  54. ↑ CONFERME E NOMINE NELLA CONGREGAZIONE PER LE CHIESE ORIENTALI , Vatican Press Office, February 19, 2014
  55. ↑ domradio.de: Marx remains in office , August 6, 2020.
  56. ↑ https://www.erzbistum-muenchen.de/Kardinal-Marx/cont/61413
  57. ↑ Declaration of membership August 2010
  58. ↑ KV yearbook 2010 p. 503
  59. ↑ Cardinal Marx founds a foundation for victims of sexual abuse in the church. In: press release. Archdiocese of Munich and Freising, December 4, 2020, accessed on December 4, 2020 .
  60. ↑ Interview with Reinhard Marx, "Why does he have so much money?", In: Süddeutsche Zeitung from December 15, 2020
  61. ^ Tilmann Kleinjung: Federal Cross of Merit rejected - Marx spares himself long discussions. In: tagesschau.de. April 28, 2021, accessed April 28, 2021 .
  62. ↑ Cardinal Marx renounces the Cross of Merit. In: Tagesschau.de. ARD, accessed on May 3, 2021 .
  63. ↑ Joachim Frank: After sharp criticism: Cardinal Marx renounces the Federal Cross of Merit. In: Kölner Stadtanzeiger , April 27, 2021 online
  64. ^ After criticism: Cardinal Marx renounces the Federal Cross of Merit. Archbishop of Munich writes Federal President In: kathisch.de , April 27, 2021 online
  65. ↑ Maju Prize Winner 2003
  66. ^ Bishop Marx awarded the Peter Altmeier Medal. Achievements in the social and socio-political area recognized. In: Press Service. Diocese of Trier, March 18, 2007, accessed on March 15, 2016 .
  67. ↑ Cardinal Marx receives the Alexander-Riistow badge
  68. ↑ "A real stroke of luck for the cooperation of the churches". Cardinal Marx and Regional Bishop Bedford-Strohm awarded the Ecumenical Prize, from: Website of the press office of the Archbishop's Ordinariate in Munich, accessed on December 28, 2017
  69. ↑ Honorary doctorate for Cardinal Marx. Archbishop's Office in Munich, November 20, 2019, accessed on November 20, 2019 .
  70. ↑ Bayerischer Rundfunk: Marx and Bedford-Strohm receive the Augsburg Peace Prize 2020. In: br.de. October 10, 2020, accessed December 19, 2020 .
predecessor Office successor
Hermann Josef Hospital Bishop of Trier
2002-2008 		Stephan Ackermann
Anton Schlembach Croix de l Ordre du Saint-Sepulcre.svg Grand Prior of the German Lieutenancy of the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem
since 2006 		---
Friedrich Cardinal Weather COA archbishop DE Marx Reinhard.png Archbishop of Munich and Freising
since 2008 		---
Robert Zollitsch Chairman of the German Bishops' Conference
2014–2020 		Georg Bätzing
personal data
SURNAME Marx, Reinhard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Marx, Reinhard Cardinal (full name)
SHORT DESCRIPTION German clergyman, archbishop of Munich and Freising, cardinal
DATE OF BIRTH September 21, 1953
PLACE OF BIRTH Geseke