Romano Guardini

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Romano Guardini around 1920

Romano Guardini , baptized name Romano Michele Antonio Maria Guardini (born February 17, 1885 in Verona , † October 1, 1968 in Munich ) was a Catholic priest , youth minister , sponsor of the Quickborn youth , religious philosopher and theologian .

Life

Memorial plaque on the Church of St. Peter in Heppenheim (Bergstrasse), where Guardini worked after his ordination
Romano Guardini at Rothenfels Castle
Berlin memorial plaque in Berlin-Charlottenburg (Strasse des 17. Juni 152)

Romano Guardini was born in Verona on February 17, 1885. His mother Paola Maria geb. Bernardinelli (1862–1957) came from Welschtirol (now Trentino ), his father Romano Tullo (1857–1919) was a poultry wholesaler. In addition to their eldest son Romano, the two had three other sons: Aleardo, Mario and Ferdinando, called Gino. In 1886 the family moved to Mainz , where Guardini went to school and in 1903 passed the high school diploma. From school he was close friends with Karl Neundörfer until his death in 1926. After studying chemistry for two semesters in Tübingen and three semesters in economics in Munich and Berlin , he decided to become a Catholic priest.

Together with Karl Neundörfer, he began to develop his own theory of opposites even then . He completed his theology studies in Freiburg im Breisgau and Tübingen . In Tübingen he and Neundörfer formed a student circle with, among others, Josef Weiger , Philipp Funk , Hermann Hefele and Joseph Eberle .

On May 28, 1910 Romano Guardini received in Mainz by Bishop Georg Heinrich Maria Kirstein the priesthood and worked briefly as a chaplain at St. Peter in Heppenheim (Bergstraße) and in Darmstadt sister house. In order to be able to give religious instruction, he took on the Hessian citizenship in the summer of 1911 . Other chaplain positions were the Worms Cathedral (1911), St. Christoph in Mainz (1912), from 1915 in Mainz at St. Ignaz , St. Peter and St. Emmeran . From 1916 he did two years of military service as a nurse. In autumn 1912 he began his doctorate in theology under Engelbert Krebs in Freiburg im Breisgau . In 1915 he received his doctorate for his work The Doctrine of Saint Bonaventure of Salvation - a contribution to the history and system of the doctrine of salvation .

Guardini worked in the Catholic youth movement , from 1916 in Juventus in Mainz , from 1920 mainly in Quickborn , whose spiritual center was Rothenfels Castle on the Main . He became the spiritual mentor of the Quickborner and initiated the Catholic magazine Die Schildgenossen as an organ of the Catholic youth, culture and life movement. From 1927 to 1933 he was a member of the federal government, from 1927 until the confiscation by the National Socialists in 1939 castle manager.

In 1922 he completed his habilitation in dogmatics at the University of Bonn , again with a thesis on Bonaventure. He spent part of his time in Bonn in the Sacred Heart Monastery in Bonn- Pützchen , where he worked as a chaplain. In 1923 Guardini was formally appointed to a chair for Catholic Weltanschauung at the University of Breslau in order to be given permanent leave immediately after his appointment in Breslau and henceforth as a "permanent guest" (the official name in the course catalog) Catholic Weltanschauung at the Friedrich-Wilhelms- University of Berlin to teach. The Prussian minister of culture, Carl Heinrich Becker , was one of his friends. He stayed in Berlin until his chair for Christian worldview was canceled due to incompatibility with the National Socialist worldview. Guardini retired and worked as a private scholar for the next few years.

In 1935, in his work Der Heiland, he openly opposed the mythization of the person of Jesus propagated by the Nazi German Christians and, on the other hand , justified the close connection between Christianity and the “Jewish religion” with the historicity of Jesus. His works The Lord and the World and Person are also considered to be a refutation of the National Socialist worldview.

From 1943 to 1945 he retired to Mooshausen , where his friend Josef Weiger was pastor and a circle of friends had been formed since 1917.

In 1945 Guardini was appointed to the Philosophical Faculty of the Eberhard Karls University in Tübingen and taught there again on religious philosophy and the Christian worldview . In 1948 he finally accepted a call from the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich, where he again taught Christian worldview and philosophy of religion until his retirement in 1964. Guardini worked for thirteen years in the University Church of St. Ludwig , from 1949 to 1962, as a university preacher . In 1962, Guardini stopped lecturing at the University of Munich for health reasons.

In the last years of his life, Guardini , who was already plagued by melancholy, was often ill. As a result, he was unable to work as a theologian in the liturgy commission of the Second Vatican Council , as planned .

The occasional claim that Pope Paul VI. Manfred Lochbrunner has rejected as unconfirmed that Guardini wanted to make Guardini cardinal , but he refused due to age .

Romano Guardini died on October 1, 1968 in Munich. He was found in the priestly cemetery of the Oratory of St. Philipp Neri is buried in Munich ( St. Laurentius ). In 1997 Guardini's bones were reburied in the side chapel of the Munich city and university church of St. Ludwig in memory of his teaching activities at Munich University and his preaching activities . The ceremony was chaired by Auxiliary Bishop Ernst Tewes . The estate is administered by the Catholic Academy in Bavaria , which Guardini himself co-founded .

Interdisciplinary performance

Guardini is one of the most important representatives of the Catholic worldview of the 20th century, especially in the areas of liturgy , philosophy of religion , pedagogy , ecumenism and general intellectual history . His Christian existential interpretations of ecclesiastical and secular philosophers and poets such as Rilke , Raabe and Dostoevsky were and are valued by both Catholics and Protestants .

The urgency and vivid differentiation of his existential depictions of the thought and life of a Socrates , Plato , Augustine , Dante Alighieri , Pascal , Kierkegaard or Friedrich Nietzsche were and are convincing examples of his ability to recognize the connection between thinking and existence and this philosophically and theologically analyzing to bring it closer to the reader. This living connection, combined with a philosophy and theology that serves man, also determine his own writings.

His entire work is based on an independent doctrine of opposites, in the framework of which he tried to replace Hegel's dialectic with an unhegelian dialogue . He comes more from Georg Simmel and Heinrich Rickert than from Max Scheler . Links to the dialogue philosophy of Martin Buber can be proven, even if Guardini repeatedly emphasizes the independence of his teaching.

With his first major work Vom Geist der Liturgie (1918) he set standards for the liturgical movement and liturgical renewal and thus significantly shaped the liturgical reform of the Second Vatican Council. In it, among other things, he restores the relative primacy of the logos over ethos , namely a primacy of order but not of dignity. He also tried to raise awareness of the polarity between play and seriousness in the liturgy. In the beginning he was reluctant to allow himself to be looked into the face at a people's altar like Johannes Pinsk at prayer and the Holy Act, but then he “gave in and regretted not having done it earlier”.

Without denying his Augustinian and Platonic streak, he repeatedly emphasized the Thomistic opposite pole and tried in his dissertation and in his habilitation thesis to highlight Bonaventura, but later also John Henry Newman , as the thinker of unity of tension . This is also reflected in his understanding of truth, which he himself characterized as " polyphonic ".

The same applies to his predilection for the Middle Ages , which however did not take on a restorative character. His book The End of the Modern Age , published in 1950, was interpreted in this way by some authors, but Guardini defended himself against this accusation. All in all, Guardini is now considered to be both a conservative looking ahead and a renovative looking back .

In the field of political theology , he first tried to mediate between Carl Schmitt and the Catholic Socialists Ernst Michel , Walter Dirks and Heinrich Mertens , but ultimately both sides resented this. His self-education letter State in Us achieved a high level of awareness for the time, while other articles on political and social issues in the Quickborn magazine Die Schildgenossen have largely gone unnoticed. In 1946 Guardini described himself retrospectively as a “Catholic democrat”, although here too Catholic is not to be understood in terms of denomination, but in terms of religious philosophy, namely that despite all the necessary emphasis on freedom and plurality, he continues to recognize authority and absolute values ​​as given. In education he emphasized in letters to young people the need for self- education and the balance between authority and freedom in a “creative obedience” of conscience. Again and again he refers to Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster as a source of inspiration.

Guardini promoted the “academy” idea within the Catholic youth movement, an idea that later made him co-initiator of the Catholic Academy in Bavaria in Munich and the Academy for Political Education in Tutzing.

During National Socialism, he tried to maintain the protected sphere of the castle for as long as possible and had to make some compromises with the rulers, who had him spied on from 1934 onwards. He let his passive resistance flow into his writings Der Herr und Welt und Person , which his readers already regarded as a thorough refutation of the National Socialist ideology.

After the war he published the theological-political reflection Der Heilsbringer , which emerged during his exile in Mooshausen , in which, as at the beginning of the “Third Reich” , he branded Hitler's attempt to stylize himself as a savior as totalitarian . In the period that followed, he therefore particularly endeavored to develop an “ethos of power” both against anonymous “id powers” ​​(media, bureaucracy, economy) and against the total claims to power of political ideologies.

On behalf of Pope Pius XII. Guardini translated the Psalter . Among numerous other translations of individual texts, the particularly text-based version of the great thank- you song Te Deum Dich, Gott, we praise , created in 1950, should be mentioned ( Gotteslob (1975) , No. 706).

Guardini chairs

There are currently two professorships with the name Guardini Chair and Guardini Professorship :

The Guardini chair in Munich is a chair for Christian worldview, religious and cultural theory. After Guardini's retirement, it was initially filled with Karl Rahner (1962–1967) and later by Eugen Biser (1974–1986), Hans Maier (1988–1999) and Rémi Brague (2002–2012). The current specialty of the chair is the philosophy of the religions of Europe. With Brague's retirement, the chair was no longer filled. In June 2016, plans by the university management and the Faculty of Philosophy, Philosophy of Science and the Study of Religions became public to downgrade the chair to a W2 professorship for a young scientist - without reference to Guardini. The Bavarian State Ministry for Education and Culture, Science and Art opposed this . After a compromise negotiated with the university management, a guest professorship is to be created in addition to a junior professorship for the philosophy of religion, the holder of which will continue Guardini's legacy and which - initially for five years - will be co-financed by the ministry.

The Guardini Endowed Professorship for Philosophy of Religion and Catholic Worldview in Berlin was established in 2004. The initiative came mainly from the local Catholic student community and the Guardini Foundation . It found broad support and was also supported by the Evangelical Theological Faculty and the Protestant Christians who are involved in the bodies of the Guardini Foundation. The establishment of the Guardini Professorship and the associated Guardini College was largely made possible by the Propter Homines Foundation ( Vaduz , Liechtenstein), the Prince Franz-Josef von Liechtenstein Foundation (Vaduz) and the Zeit Foundation , the Donors' Association for German Science , the Bonifatiuswerk of German Catholics and other sponsors. The professorship has so far been filled with: Ludger Honnefelder (summer semester 2005 to summer semester 2007), Edmund Runggaldier SJ (winter semester 2007/08 to summer semester 2009), Jean Greisch (winter semester 2009/10 to summer semester 2012) and Ugo Perone (winter semester 2012/13 to date).

effect

Students and friends

Since he had no right to award doctorates due to his special position between the faculties , he had no direct academic students. His influence, especially through the Catholic youth movement, has become evident due to numerous self-confessions. Since Guardini's time as the leader of the Quickborn, there was a close relationship with the Normannsteiners and their spiritual leader Alfons Maria Lins , who also carried through the Nazi era and the post-war period.

Romano Guardini's indirect pupils may include: Max Müller , Josef Pieper , Felix Messerschmid , Heinrich Getzeny , Rudolf Schwarz , Franz Stock , Fritz Leist , Walter Dirks , Georg and Hermann Volk , Heinrich Fries , Alfred Schüler , Johannes Spörl . He maintained close relationships with the oratorians in Leipzig and Munich, above all Werner Becker and Heinrich Kahlefeld as well as Josef Gülden , Klemens Tilmann and the later bishops Otto Spülbeck and Ernst Tewes . He also had numerous friends in psychotherapeutic circles, including Viktor Emil von Gebsattel , Viktor von Weizsäcker and Paul Matussek . But even with Hannah Arendt and Iring Fetscher you can find impressive testimonials for his scientifically charismatic charisma.

Due to his mediating nature and his integrative and interdisciplinary approach, which understood the opposites as a unit of tension, he belonged to numerous circles of colleagues and friends and was valued far beyond denominational and political boundaries. The two festival publications on the 50th birthday (1935, published by Karlheinz Schmidthüs ) and on the 80th birthday (1965, published by Helmut Kuhn , Heinrich Kahlefeld and Karl Forster ) testify to this .

Nevertheless, after his death in 1968, his approach was initially only considered by his closest friends, including Hans Urs von Balthasar . His concerns were mistakenly considered fulfilled. His contributions to literary, educational and political issues were considered to be out of date. In particular, his basic liturgy-pedagogical concern has been fundamentally misunderstood since the liturgical reform up to the end of the 20th century.

In addition to the aforementioned, Joseph Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI. ) And Jorge Mario Bergoglio (Pope Francis ) see themselves influenced by Guardini's work. In his encyclical Laudato si ' theological and cultural criticism, the latter referred almost exclusively to Guardini's book End of Modern Times .

Guardini research

A first comprehensive bibliography was compiled by Hans Mercker in 1978 . It was not until his 100th birthday in 1985 that a new discussion of Guardini began , not least because of the Guardini biography of Hanna-Barbara Gerl-Falkovitz and two anthologies edited by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger and Walter Seidel. On the 25th and 30th anniversary of his death, Hermann Josef Schuster published an anthology on behalf of the Guardini Foundation under the title Guardini further thinking . Another milestone in Guardini's research is the multi-volume social biography of Guardini's time in Munich by Berthold Gerner , published from 1998 to 2005 .

On the 40th anniversary of his death, numerous Guardini meetings were held in 2008. In addition, his work The Religious Openness of the Present, written in 1933/34, and his letters to Josef Weiger from the years between 1908 and 1962 were published. On the 50th anniversary of his death, he published weiter Think. Journal for philosophy with a focus on Guardini's philosophy.

Guardini Prize

The Catholic Academy in Bavaria has been awarding the renowned Romano Guardini Prize since 1970 .

Name foundations

In addition to the Berlin Foundation (including the Guardini College and Guardini Gallery), the Munich Chair, the Berlin Professorship and the Prize of the Catholic Academy in Bavaria are named after Guardini:

  • the Romano-Guardini-Platz in Mainz and the Piazzale Romano Guardini in Verona, the Guardinistraßen in Munich (with the residential area "Guardinipark") and Bonn-Holtorf , in Trient and Monza (Via Romano Guardini), the Romano-Guardini-Weg in Wangen, as well as Weiger-Guardini-Strasse in Mooshausen;
  • the Romano-Guardini-Fachoberschule für Sozialwesen (1970 to today) and the Romano-Guardini-Abendrealschule (1970 to 1997) in Munich;
  • the Guardini elementary and middle school and the Guardini pharmacy, all in Munich on Guardinistraße;
  • the municipal library “Romano Guardini” in Isola Vicentina , the cultural center “Romano Guardini” in Bolzano and the university for religious studies “Romano Guardini” in Taranto .

music

With texts by Romano Guardini, Robert Maximilian Helmschrott created a Guardini cantata entitled Deutung des Daseins for speaker, solos, choir, two trumpets, string orchestra and organ. It is a commission from the Catholic Academy in Bavaria from 2007, which was performed and recorded by the Georgian Chamber Orchestra Ingolstadt under Kurt Suttner .

beatification

After lengthy preparations, Hanna-Barbara Gerl-Falkovitz announced on October 1, 2013, the 45th anniversary of Guardini's death, in the newspaper Die Tagespost that several groups of friends in Italy and Germany would stand up and pray for Guardini's beatification . After Pope Benedict XVI. and the Munich Archbishop Reinhard Cardinal Marx had already agreed in principle to the request, a prayer for beatification approved by the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising was published in five languages. In July 2016 it became known that a beatification process for Guardini was being prepared in the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising .

On December 16, 2017, the process was officially opened together with the beatification process for the resistance fighter Fritz Gerlich as part of a pontifical office of Reinhard Cardinal Marx. As postulator for the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising, the Munich pastoral advisor Johannes Modesto is responsible for both procedures .

Works

Publications in book form

Articles in collective works

  • The savior in myth, revelation and politics. A theological-political reflection. DVA Stuttgart 1946, series: Der Deutschenspiegel. Writings for Knowledge and Renewal, Vol. 7. Again in: Differentiation of Christian , Ed. Mainz 1963, pp. 411–456; New edition Matthias Grünewald, Ostfildern 1979 Series: Topos-TB 84

Publications from the estate

  • Wisdom Reader: One text every day. Matthias Grünewald, Ostfildern 2006, ISBN 978-3-7867-2613-5
  • Reports of my life. Autobiographical records. Edited from the estate by Franz Henrich . 1985, Patmos, ISBN 978-3-491-77625-8
  • Contested confidence. Romano Guardini reading book. Selected by Ingeborg Klimmer . Matthias Grünewald Verlag, Mainz 1985, ISBN 3-7867-1148-8
  • Ethics. Lectures at the University of Munich . Ed. Hans Mercker, 2 volumes, Matthias Grünewald, Ostfildern 1993, ISBN 3-7867-1721-4
  • The religious openness of the present. From the estate ed. by Stefan Waanders, ibid. 2008, ISBN 978-3-7867-2733-0
  • “I feel that great things are coming.” Romano Guardini's letters to Josef Weiger 1908–1962. Edited from the estate by Hanna-Barbara Gerl-Falkovitz, ibid. 2008, ISBN 978-3-7867-2732-3
  • “Give space to things.” Romano Guardini reader. Edited by Hanna-Barbara Gerl-Falkovitz, ibid. 2008, ISBN 978-3-7867-2731-6
  • Dante's Divine Comedy. Your basic philosophical and religious ideas (lectures). Edited from the estate by Martin Marschall. Grünewald / Schöningh, Mainz / Paderborn 1998, ISBN 3-7867-2129-7 / ISBN 3-506-74559-X
  • Believing existence (1951) / The acceptance of oneself (1960). Romano Guardini Works Series, Volume G 22, 1993 ISBN 3-7867-1693-5
  • Theological Letters to a Friend: Insights at the Limits of Life . Grünewald / Schöningh , 2nd edition 2017, ISBN 3-7867-4024-0 .
  • The Romano Guardini service book. Impulses and reading texts. Edited by Fabian Brand, Herder, Freiburg i.Br., 2018, ISBN 978-3-451-37613-9 .

Awards

literature

  • Hans Urs von Balthasar : Romano Guardini. Reform from the source. Munich: Kösel 1970.
  • Eugen Biser : Interpretation and change. Work and impact of Romano Guardini. Paderborn u. a .: Schöningh 1979.
  • Frédéric Debuyst: Romano Guardini. Introduction to his liturgical thinking . Pustet, Regensburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-7917-2197-2 .
  • Hanna-Barbara Gerl-Falkovitz : Romano Guardini: Contours of Life and Traces of Thought. Matthias Grünewald Verlag, Mainz 2005, ISBN 3-7867-8553-8 .
  • Berthold Gerner : Romano Guardini in Munich. Contributions to a social biography. Vol. 1, 2, 3 / A and 3 / B, Munich 1998 to 2005.
  • Ludger Hagedorn u. a. (Ed.): Drama of responsibility / Dramat Odpowiedzialności. Romano Guardini and Józef Tischner , bilingual German-Polish edition, Kraków / Berlin 2013.
  • Reinhard Haubenthaler: Asceticism and freedom with Romano Guardini , Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn, Munich, Vienna, Zurich 1995, ISBN 3-506-73754-6 (also university publication : Munich, Univ., Diss., 1994). Digitized version available online
  • Günter Henner : The pedagogy in Romano Guardini's thinking. Paderborn 1990.
  • Franz Henrich : Romano Guardini. Pustet Verlag, 1999, ISBN 978-3-7917-1646-6 .
  • Manfred Hermanns : Romano Guardini and sociology. In: Renovatio. Vol. 44 (1988). H. 2. pp. 65-81.
  • Manfred Hermanns: Guardini, Romano Michele Antonio Maria - life, religion and culture philosopher and pioneering pedagogue. In: Maier, Hugo (ed.): Who is who of social work. Freiburg i. Br .: Lambertus 1998. pp. 219-222.
  • Alfons Knoll: Faith and Culture in Romano Guardini. Schöningh, Paderborn 1993, ISBN 3-506-74659-6 .
  • Stefan K. Langenbahn, Helmut Zenz (ed.): Romano Guardini's “From the Spirit of the Liturgy”. Becoming, changing and working of a century script. Grünewald Verlag, Ostfildern (probably autumn 2019), ISBN 978-3-7867-3154-2 .
  • Karl Lehmann †: Romano Guardinis On the Spirit of the Liturgy: Origins of a New Thought for Liturgical Renewal - then and now. In: Archives for Liturgy Studies 60 (2018), pp. 1–16.
  • Martin Marschall: Pray in truth. Romano Guardini - thinker of liturgical renewal . With an introduction by Hanna-Barbara Gerl-Falkovitz | Hanna-Barbara Gerl (= Pietas Liturgica , Vol. 4). Eos, St. Ottilien 1986, ISBN 3-88096-264-2 .
  • Kirsten Mauss : The importance of Romano Guardini for social education and social work. In: Karl Hugo Breuer (ed.): Yearbook for youth social work. Vol. XIII. Cologne 1992, pp. 235-279, ISSN  0721-6084 .
  • Ludwig Neundörfer : Romano Guardini. For my 80th birthday. In: Castle Letter. 1965, H. 1, pp. 1-4.
  • Chan Ho Park: Whoever loses himself will win it - Romano Guardini's understanding of the person and his examination of the Buddhismus Verlag Karl Alber , Freiburg im Breisgau 2010, ISBN 978-3-495-48413-5 .
  • Joseph Ratzinger : Paths to Truth. The lasting importance of Romano Guardini , Patmos-Verlag 1985, ISBN 978-3-491-77633-3 .
  • Joachim Reber : Meeting Romano Guardini. Sankt Ulrich Verlag , Augsburg 2001, ISBN 3-929246-67-8 .
  • Arno Schilson : Perspectives on theological renewal. Studies on the work of Romano Guardini . Düsseldorf 1986, ISBN 3-491-77668-6 .
  • Arno Schilson (Ed.): Conservative looking ahead. Try to Romano Guardini. Würzburg: Echter 1994.
  • Hermann Josef Schuster on behalf of the Guardini Foundation (ed.): Guardini further thinking. Guardini Foundation, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-9803395-0-5 .
  • Ernst Tewes : Speeches, lectures and articles on Romano Guardini , 1997.
  • Karl-Heinz Wiesemann : Breaking chord: the interplay of theology and mysticism in Karl Adam , Romano Guardini and Erich Przywara as theological fugue. Echter, Würzburg 1999, ISBN 3-429-02183-9 .
  • Helmut Zenz (ed.): Interpreters of Christian existence. Obituaries - Memories - Appreciations: Romano Guardini on the 50th anniversary of his death. Grünewald Verlag, Ostfildern 2018, ISBN 978-3-7867-3168-9 (164 pages)
  • Markus Zimmermann: The following of Jesus Christ. A study on Romano Guardini. Schöningh, Paderborn 2004, ISBN 3-506-70122-3 .

See also

Web links

Wikiquote: Romano Guardini  - Quotes
Commons : Romano Guardini  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Primary texts
Secondary literature, bibliography and materials
Videos

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ bistummainz.de :: Memorial event for the 50th anniversary of the death of Romano Guardini. October 2, 2018.
  2. ↑ Manfred Lochbrunner in: Paul VI. and Germany. Brescia 2006, p. 148, fn. 51
  3. ^ Stefan K. Langenbahn: Origin and change of the book "Vom Geist der Liturgie" 1917–1934 . In: to debate. Topics of the Catholic Academy in Bavaria , ISSN  0179-6658 , year 2018, issue 5, pp. 31–33.
  4. ^ Romano Guardini: Reports on my life - Autobiographical notes. From the estate edited by Franz Henrich, Düsseldorf, 1985, page 107
  5. ↑ Jakob Wetzel: The LMU wants to abolish the famous Romano Guardini chair. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung from June 15, 2016.
  6. ↑ Christoph Renzikowski: Guardini's spirit should continue to work . Catholic News Agency , Information Service, 11 January 2017, p. 5.
  7. ↑ Hermann Heim: Alfons Maria Lins, A life for people. Catholic parish St. Martin, Bad Orb, 2018, p. 68.
  8. ↑ "Think further. Journal for Philosophy"
  9. ^ Chronicle of the Romano-Guardini-Fachoberschule on rg-fos.de
  10. ^ Hanna-Barbara Gerl-Falkovitz: Romano Guardini (1884 Verona - 1968 Munich), a new patron of the educators? The time for a beatification may have come. In: Katholische Bildung , November 2013 (PDF; 439 kB), pp. 468–471 (471).
  11. ↑ Münchner Kirchennachrichten No. 31, July 31, 2016, p. 28.
  12. ↑ Guardini: The process of beatification begins. Retrieved November 12, 2017 .
  13. ↑ Jakob Wetzel: The martyr and the philosopher. Retrieved December 11, 2017 .
  14. ↑ an interpretation of the text in: W. Hover, Schrecken und Heil. Aspects of political time experience at RG in Hans Maier Ed .: 'Totalitarismus' and 'Politische Religionen'. Vol. 1, Schöningh, Paderborn 1996 ISBN 3-506-76825-5 pp. 175-179
  15. ↑ http://www.friedenspreis-des-deutschen-buchhandels.de/sixcms/media.php/1290/1952_guardini.pdf
personal data
SURNAME Guardini, Romano
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Guardini, Romano Michele Antonio Maria (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German philosopher and Catholic theologian
DATE OF BIRTH February 17, 1885
PLACE OF BIRTH Verona
DATE OF DEATH 1st October 1968
Place of death Munich