Tubingen

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Tübingen
Tubingen
Map of Germany, position of the city of Tübingen highlighted

Coordinates: 48 ° 31 '  N , 9 ° 3'  E

Basic data
State : Baden-Wuerttemberg
Administrative region : Tubingen
County : Tubingen
Height : 341 m above sea level NHN
Area : 108.06 km 2
Residents: 91,506 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 847 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes : 72070, 72072, 72074, 72076
Primaries : 07071, 07073 , 07472Template: Infobox municipality in Germany / maintenance / area code contains text
License plate :
Community key : 08 4 16 041
City structure: 23 districts

City administration address :
Am Markt 1
72070 Tübingen
Website : www.tuebingen.de
Lord Mayor : Boris Palmer ( Alliance 90 / The Greens )
Location of the city of Tübingen in the Tübingen district
Landkreis Böblingen Landkreis Calw Landkreis Esslingen Landkreis Freudenstadt Landkreis Reutlingen Landkreis Rottweil Zollernalbkreis Ammerbuch Bodelshausen Dettenhausen Dußlingen Gomaringen Hirrlingen Kirchentellinsfurt Kusterdingen Mössingen Nehren (Württemberg) Neustetten Ofterdingen Rottenburg am Neckar Rottenburg am Neckar Rottenburg am Neckar Starzach Tübingenmap
About this picture
Old town of Tübingen
Neckar front with Hölderlin tower and collegiate church
View from the collegiate church over the Neckar

Tübingen (official name Universitätsstadt Tübingen ) is a university town in the center of Baden-Württemberg . It is located on the Neckar around 30 kilometers south of Stuttgart . The city is the seat of the district Tübingen and the same administrative district and was 1947 to 1952 provincial capital of Württemberg-Hohenzollern . It belongs to the Neckar-Alb region and the European metropolitan region of Stuttgart . Together with the neighboring town of Reutlingen to the east , it forms one of the 14 regional centers in the country. Tübingen has been a major district town since April 1, 1956 . As the twelfth largest city in Baden-Württemberg , Tübingen has around 90,000 inhabitants (at the end of 2018) and, with an average age of around 40, is one of the youngest cities in Germany, which is probably also due to its status as a university city. Tübingen is the third largest medium- sized town in Baden-Württemberg after Ludwigsburg and Esslingen am Neckar .

With the Eberhard Karls University founded in 1477, the city is one of the oldest German university cities . Urban life is strongly influenced by the approximately 27,565 students (as of winter semester 2018/19).

geography

Geographical location

View from Hohentübingen Castle to Tübingen
Panorama of Tübingen with Neckarfront, city center, Österberg and Waldhäuser-Ost

Tübingen is located in the central Neckar valley between the northern Black Forest and the Swabian Alb . In Tübingen the Goldersbach flows into the Ammer . These, like the Steinlach , also flow into the Neckar in Tübingen. In the city center the lie Schlossberg and the Österberg , located on the outskirts among many other of Schnarrenberg , the 475 m high Spitzberg as a mountain of the district Hirschau , the Herrlesberg and hardening . The lowest point of the Tübingen urban area is at 307  m above sea level. NN in the eastern Neckar valley, the highest is the Hornkopf in Schönbuch north of the Hagelloch district with a height of 515.2 m. The Schönbuch Nature Park begins in the north of Tübingen . The Swabian Alb begins about 13 km (straight line between Tübingen Mitte and Roßberg (tower) (869 m)) further south-east.

Geographical center of Baden-Württemberg

Sculpture at the geographical center of Baden-Württemberg in the city of Tübingen

In Tübingen, in the small forest Elysium, below the Luise-Wetzel-Weg near the Botanical Garden at 48 ° 32 '15.9 "  N , 9 ° 2' 28.21"  E , the geographic center of Baden-Württemberg is located according to the center of gravity calculation method. A three-ton cone-shaped stone from the Franconian Jura symbolizes this point. It has an inclination of 11.5 °; this should represent half of the earth's inclination . If, on the other hand, the geographic center of the state is calculated using the averaging method of the respective state extreme points, it is in Böblingen .

Neighboring communities

The following cities and municipalities border the city of Tübingen, starting clockwise from the north:

City structure

The city of Tübingen is divided into 23 districts , including 10 so-called outer districts. Of the latter, 8 were incorporated into the most recent municipal reform in the 1970s and are now also localities within the meaning of the Baden-Württemberg municipal code . That is, they have one of the eligible voters in each municipal election to be elected Ortschaftsrat with a local chief in the lead. There is also an administrative office in each case. The two districts of Derendingen and Lustnau, which were incorporated in 1934, each have a local advisory board and an office of the city administration. They are subdivided into three or four statistical districts, which are indented in the following overview. Administrative and business offices are quasi district town halls, where you can take care of the most important urban affairs.

Within some parts of the city there are sometimes other parts of the city that have emerged over time. These are mostly new developments or residential areas, the boundaries of which can also be fluid. Each district and its subdivisions have a three-digit number for statistical purposes.

011 center 6.314
012 university 7,989
013 tub 5,249
014 Schönblick / Winkelwiese 3,448
014 Waldhäuser Ost 4,331
014 Student Village WHO 1,767
015 Österberg 1,451
015 Gartenstrasse 995
016 Au / lower value 1,215
016 French Quarter 2,349
017 Südstadt 10,245
018 Weststadt 8,515
02 Lustnau 10,373
  021 center 3,096
  021 Herrlesberg / Stäudach 1,985
  021 Old weaving mill 714
  022 Denzenberg 1,897
  022 sand 479
  023 Neuhalde 1,223
  026 Owl 979
03 Derendingen 6,982
  031 center 1,842
  032 Feuerhägle 3,764
  032 Mühlenviertel 671
  033 garden city 705
111 Bebenhausen 326
121 Pfrondorf 3,316
131 Weilheim 1,431
141 Kilchberg 1,235
151 Buhl 2.112
161 Hirschau 3,304
171 Unterjesingen 2,559
181 hail hole 1,669
City structure of Tübingen

Spatial planning

Tübingen is located in the south of the Stuttgart metropolitan area (for the scope, see Stuttgart ). Together with the neighboring city of Reutlingen, the city ​​forms the main center of the Neckar-Alb region , to which the following intermediate centers are assigned:

Albstadt , Balingen , Hechingen , Metzingen , Münsingen , Rottenburg am Neckar

For the following cities and municipalities in the district, Tübingen also takes on the tasks of the central area:

Ammerbuch , Bodelshausen , Dettenhausen , Dusslingen , Gomaringen , Kirchentellinsfurt , Kusterdingen , Mössingen , Nehren , Ofterdingen

geology

Northern slope of the Österberg, an unstable building site
Rhätoliassisches Grenz bonebed from the Tübingen area. Image width: 5.5 cm.

The near-surface geological subsurface of Tübingen is mainly formed by the rocks of the Middle Keuper (km). The steep Keuper slopes are followed by strata formed by the claystones of the Black Jura (Lias). The layer areas are between 440 and 500  m above sea level. NN and mostly have a slightly thick loess cover, which was deposited there during the cold ages.

The following sequence of layers is open:

  • Loess loam : The loess loam has resulted in good arable soils on which, as far as they have not been populated, grain is grown.
  • Schwarzer Jura α: Most important step-maker in Tübingen.
  • Rhätsandstein : Fossil-rich sandstone, which was also used for building purposes.
  • Tuber marl : They form the upper slope areas and are poor building ground due to their plasticity.
  • Stubensandstein : This Keuper sandstone was previously broken as abrasive sand and also forms layered surfaces in places.
  • Lower colored marl , silica sandstone , upper colored marl : They form the lower slope areas in Tübingen.
  • Reed sandstone : The reed sandstone comes to light, for example, in the bed of the Neckar. It forms the base of the Neckar Bridge. The Neckar ridge, caused by the reed sandstone, favored the founding of Tübingen.
  • Alluvial gravel : They form the level valley floor of the Neckar and its tributaries Steinlach and Ammer and are mined for construction purposes. Hence the quarry ponds in the Neckar valley.

The leveling formed by Alluvium , Stubensandstein and Lias α is of great importance as a stable building ground and also for the construction of large areas of buildings. University and trade were located on the alluvial alluvial plain. New clinics, the Waldhäuser Ost district and the natural science faculties on Morgenstelle were built on Stubensandstein and Lias α.

The tuber marl is a hindrance to the development and therefore the structural development . That is why, for example, the northern slope of the Österberg and the Steinenberg are free from development.

About 5 km north of Tübingen there is a geological nature trail on the Kirnberg ( Schönbuch ), where the Keup layers are explained on several display boards. On June 2, 2017, the revised geological nature trail was presented to the public and handed over.

In 1831, for the construction of the new anatomy building (Österbergstrasse 3), a 70 m deep well bore was sunk for the water supply, which was also scientifically described and represents one of the oldest geological Keuper profiles in southern Germany.

climate

Rare sight: Frozen Neckar in February 2012

The Tübingen climate is roughly the average for Baden-Württemberg. The mean annual temperature is 9.0 ° C and is roughly in the middle between the values ​​of the climatically favored cities in the Rhine Valley (e.g. Karlsruhe : 10.5 ° C) and the cold places on the plateaus (e.g. Villingen-Schwenningen : 6.7 ° C). The long-term mean annual rainfall of 741 mm is also roughly the average of the values ​​in other cities in Baden-Württemberg (e.g. Stuttgart : 679 mm / Freiburg im Breisgau : 954 mm).

The regularly warmest month in Tübingen is July with an average temperature of 18 ° C, the coldest is January with an average of −0.7 ° C. With a mean 101 mm, most of the rain falls in June. The months with the least rain are March and December with a long-term average of 39 mm.

The urban climate is strongly influenced by the numerous elevations. In winter it is not uncommon for the districts on the Neckar to be completely free of snow, while the high altitudes have a closed snow cover. The location of the slopes also has climatic effects. For example, the southern slope of the Spitzberg is extremely warm and species-rich, while the north side is much colder and can only show a fraction of the biological diversity of the south side.

Tübingen (1990-2008)
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
38
 
4th
-2
 
 
37
 
6th
-1
 
 
49
 
10
2
 
 
46
 
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4th
 
 
75
 
19th
9
 
 
91
 
22nd
12th
 
 
88
 
24
14th
 
 
69
 
24
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61
 
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10
 
 
64
 
14th
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52
 
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45
 
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-1
Temperature in ° Cprecipitation in mm
Source: weatheronline.de
Monthly average temperatures and precipitation for Tübingen (1990-2008)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 4.2 6.3 10.1 14.1 19.0 22.1 24.2 24.3 19.3 14.4 7.8 4.0 O 14.2
Min. Temperature (° C) −1.6 −1.1 1.5 4.2 8.7 11.9 13.6 13.4 9.5 6.1 1.9 −0.8 O 5.6
Temperature (° C) 1.3 2.6 5.8 9.2 13.9 17.0 18.9 18.8 14.4 10.2 4.8 1.6 O 9.9
Precipitation ( mm ) 37.9 37.2 48.6 46.2 75.1 91.3 88.3 69.3 60.5 63.7 51.7 44.9 Σ 714.7
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 2.6 3.5 4.3 5.6 6.9 7.5 7.3 7.1 5.4 3.8 2.4 2.1 O 4.9
Rainy days ( d ) 13.6 12.9 14.6 14.1 14.6 14.6 14.2 13.2 13.2 13.8 15.0 15.0 Σ 168.8
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
4.2
−1.6
6.3
−1.1
10.1
1.5
14.1
4.2
19.0
8.7
22.1
11.9
24.2
13.6
24.3
13.4
19.3
9.5
14.4
6.1
7.8
1.9
4.0
−0.8
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g
37.9
37.2
48.6
46.2
75.1
91.3
88.3
69.3
60.5
63.7
51.7
44.9
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Protected areas

Nature reserves Spitzberg- Ödenburg and Hirschauer Berg

There are five nature reserves in Tübingen . The nature reserves Spitzberg-Ödenburg and Hirschauer Berg are north of Hirschau. The Obere Steinach and the nature and landscape protection area Bühler Tal and Unterer Bürg bei Bühl, and the nature reserve Blaulach between Pfrondorf and Kusterdingen.

In the north is the Schönbuch landscape protection area and the Rammert landscape protection area in the south . The two landscape protection areas Spitzberg and Unteres Ammertal lie between Hirschau and Unterjesingen, and the Neckar valley protection area between Tübingen and Plochingen begins at Lustnau .

Reutlingen is part of the three FFH areas Spitzberg, Pfaffenberg, Kochhartgraben and Neckar , Rammert and Schönbuch as well as the two bird sanctuaries Mittlerer Rammert and Schönbuch . The northern part of the urban area is in the Schönbuch nature park .

history

Menhir from Weilheim as a replication not far from the place of discovery
Tübingen around 1650, surrounded by vineyards, copper engraving by Matthäus Merian
View of Tübingen around 1820, gouache by OF Strodtbeck
Tübingen around 1892

Prehistory and first documentary mention

The region around the city of Tübingen has been visited by Ice Age hunters and collectors at least since the Magdalenian period , the youngest section of the Upper Palaeolithic . In the following, the presence of people in almost all prehistoric epochs can be proven in the form of tool finds, burials, house floor plans or remains of settlements. B. those of the Bandkeramischen , the Rössener , the Schnurkeramischen and also the Großgartacher culture . The Bronze Age is in Tübingen among others. represented by the sensational find of the " Menhir von Weilheim ". From the older Iron Age , numerous grave mounds from the Hallstatt period are known in the urban area of ​​Tübingen , such as the grave mound of Tübingen-Kilchberg . Traces of the Romans, who built the Neckar-Limes a little further to the northeast, date from around 85 AD . In connection with the siege of "castrum twingia" (Zwingburg) by King Heinrich IV. Hohentübingen Castle is mentioned for the first time in 1078. It can be assumed that the previous rural settlement was located in the area of ​​the flood-proof saddle between Schlossberg and Österberg. The place name alone gives an indication: the name of the place founder Tuwo in the prefix and the name ending in -ing (en) point to the foundation during the migration period. The Tübingen lower town has its origin there. The upper town emerged later as an extension of the Burgmann settlement below the castle.

middle Ages

The first mention of merchants comes from 1191, which is evidence of a marketplace. In the middle of the 11th century, the area around Tübingen belonged to the Counts of Zollern . City rights are mentioned for the first time in 1231. In 1262 Pope Alexander IV founded an Augustinian hermit monastery, followed by a Franciscan monastery in Tübingen, founded with the support of Count Palatine Heinrich von Tübingen , exactly ten years later. In the 13th century, Tübingen received a Latin school, which later became the Schola anatolica . In 1342 the castle and town passed to the Counts of Württemberg . The city soon became the seat of an office.

Tübingen becomes a university city

With the relocation of the Sindelfingen Martinsstiftes to Tübingen in 1476, a collegiate monastery was founded that offered the economic and personnel requirements for founding a university. The parish church of St. George became a collegiate church. The Eberhard Karls University was founded one year later.

On July 8, 1514, the Tübingen Treaty , which is the most important constitutional document of the Duchy of Württemberg , was concluded. Since then, Tübingen has been allowed to use the Württemberg antlers in its coat of arms as the place where the contract was concluded. With the introduction of the Reformation between 1534 and 1535, the history of the city's monasteries ended. In 1535 Leonhart Fuchs accepted a position at the university, a year later Duke Ulrich von Württemberg founded the Evangelical Monastery of Tübingen as a scholarship for Protestant theology students, which moved into the former Augustinian Hermit Monastery in 1547.

Thirty Years' War

Between 1622 and 1625, after the Battle of Wimpfen on May 6, the Catholic League occupied the Protestant Duchy of Württemberg. In 1629 the edict of restitution came into force. During the “ cherry war ” from June 28th to July 11th, Tübingen was looted. After the Battle of Nördlingen , the commandant Johann Georg von Tübingen handed over the Hohentübingen Castle, which was occupied by 70 citizens, to the imperial troops in September 1634 . After all, Tübingen was not plundered thanks to the commitment of a Tübingen citizen's son, who was in imperial service as a (Protestant) Rittmeister in the Fürstenberg regiment. Tübingen was then mostly occupied by Bavarian troops.

In 1635 and 1636, 1,485 people died of the plague in the city . Two years later the Swedish army invaded Tübingen. Shortly before the end of the Thirty Years' War, Hohentübingen Castle was besieged by the French in 1647 ( Siege of Hohentübingen Castle ). On March 14th, the southeast tower was blown up with the help of a mine . The Bavarian occupation gave up and received an honorable deduction. The French stayed in Tübingen until 1649.

18th century

Cadastral plan of the city of Tübingen from 1819

In a city ​​fire in 1771, parts of the western old town around Ammergasse were destroyed. Another city fire hit parts of the eastern old town in the area of ​​today's Neue Straße in 1789. It was rebuilt on straightened floor plans in the classical style. In 1798 Johann Friedrich Cotta , the publisher of German classics such as Goethe, Schiller, Herder and Wieland, founded the Allgemeine Zeitung in Tübingen , which in the following years became Germany's leading political daily newspaper.

Tübingen during the Württemberg royal period

After the establishment of the Kingdom of Württemberg , Tübingen remained the seat of the Oberamt of the same name , but underwent some changes until 1813 in the course of the new administrative structure . From 1807 to 1843 Friedrich Hölderlin lived in care in the Hölderlin tower on the Neckar. From the beginning of the 19th century, the city grew significantly beyond the medieval borders with the right-angled Wilhelmsvorstadt at the new auditorium and the botanical garden . In the so-called Gôgen uprising of 1831, around 60 young craftspeople and wine growers marched through the city as a protest against arbitrary police force and sang Schiller's robber song. The local authorities called for help to the officially non-existent and forbidden student associations , and armed student security guards were used against the insurgents. In the Tübingen bread riot of 1847, an academic security corps from the University of Tübingen, consisting of around 150 students, under the leadership of Carl Heinrich Ludwig Hoffmann, was armed from the university's arsenals. The Security Corps put an end to the unrest by resolutely opposing the social interests of the poor. In 1861, with the opening of today's main station on the Plochingen – Immendingen line , Tübingen was connected to the route network of the Royal Württemberg State Railways .

The Württemberg Infantry Regiment No. 180 inspects an aerial bomb damage in the Tübingen Hirschgasse during the First World War

Tübingen has been a military base since 1873. An infantry barracks was set up south of the city in which the 10th Württemberg Infantry Regiment No. 180 was stationed. In 1938, the barracks was named Thiepval Barracks , named after the French province of Picardy situated Weiler Thiepval , where, during the Battle of the Somme in September 1916 soldiers of this regiment fought. A plaque on the barracks wall reminds of this. 16 houses were damaged in a French air raid during World War I. From 1914 to 1916 a second barracks was built, which was initially called the New Barracks and was also named Loretto Barracks in 1938 to commemorate the Loretto Battle . In 1935 a third barracks was opened, which was renamed from Burgholzkaserne to Hindenburg barracks in 1938 .

Nazi era

The beginning of the time of National Socialism in the German Reich in 1933 also meant the end of the short-lived free state of Württemberg . The university town of Tübingen now came under the jurisdiction of the NSDAP district of Württemberg-Hohenzollern .

Tübingen was declared an urban district by the German municipal code in 1935 , but remained within the Tübingen district, as the Upper Office of Tübingen has been called since 1934. In 1938 the district of Tübingen was considerably enlarged and the district of Tübingen was created (in the form valid until 1972) . From 1933 to 1943 the Gestapo had a field office in Tübingen . During the November pogrom in 1938 , the synagogue at Gartenstrasse 35–37 was burned down by SA men . A memorial stone in the Jewish cemetery north of the B 28 towards Wankheim today commemorates 14 Jewish victims of the Shoah . The Jewish victims of the Nazi dictatorship have also been commemorated with a plaque on the wall facing the collegiate church on the Holzmarkt since 1983, as well as with the Synagogenplatz memorial on Gartenstrasse since 2000.

On April 19, 1945, the Second World War ended for Tübingen . Three air strikes had completely destroyed 82 houses, 104 badly and 607 slightly damaged. Tübingen was destroyed to a total of 5% by air raids. On the initiative of the on-site doctor Theodor Dobler , the town was handed over to the French troops without a fight. Tübingen was now in the French occupation zone .

post war period

In 1946, the French occupying power made Tübingen the capital of the newly established state - from 1949: federal state - Württemberg-Hohenzollern , until it became part of the new state of Baden-Württemberg . The city became "immediate district town". On 18 February 1949 the prison in the Doblerstraße 18 which was in the courtyard murderer Richard shoe with guillotine executed. It was the last civil execution on West German territory. In 1952, Tübingen became the seat of the administrative district of Südwürttemberg-Hohenzollern , which was transferred to the administrative district of Tübingen on January 1, 1973 during the district reform . In 1956, Tübingen was given the name Large District Town . 1965 Tübingen was awarded the European Prize awarded for outstanding efforts to European integration thoughts. With the incorporation of eight municipalities, the urban area reached its present size between 1971 and 1974. During the district reform carried out in 1973, the Tübingen district also got its current size.

La Place de Tübingen-Reutlingen, former center of the French garrison town
The remainder of the former city wall near the Haagtor was built as a house wall

Tübingen remained a French garrison town until the 1990s . The French soldiers helped shape the cityscape. In addition to the three Tübingen barracks, the French garrison used numerous residential buildings, especially in the southern part of the city.

In 2015, Tübingen was awarded the honorary title of “ Reformation City of Europe ” by the Community of Evangelical Churches in Europe .

On March 16, 2021, in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, an attempt by the state government of Baden-Württemberg and the city began in Tübingen , which became known as the Tübingen model . Above all, rapid tests made it possible for retailers and restaurants to open. With the model project, the official name of which is "Opening with Security", Baden-Württemberg and the City of Tübingen want to "try out new ways of dealing with the corona pandemic".

History of the city districts or localities and residential areas

The places that, as a result of the incorporation in the 1970s, have a local constitution with their own local council and mayor, are called localities , but according to the main statute of the city, they are just as districts as the districts that were previously incorporated. There is also a place to live that has never been an independent parish.

  • Ammern (living space) was first mentioned around 1120 as "Ambra". Through various donations from the Count Palatinate of Tübingen, the town came to the Obermarchtal Monastery in the 12th century, which had been the bailiwick from 1303. After that, the village gradually disappeared. The remaining goods came with Obermachtal in 1803 to the princes of Thurn and Taxis and from 1806 under Württemberg administration. In 1852 Ammern became the property of the royal house of Württemberg and politically belonged to the municipality of Derendingen, with which it was incorporated into Tübingen in 1934. In 1935 the sub-municipality Ammern and in 1978 the Ammern mark was dissolved.
  • Bebenhausen (locality) was first mentioned in 1185 as "Bebenhusin", but the settlement is older. The Count Palatine of Tübingen founded a monastery that was initially settled by Premonstratensians. Cistercians from Schönau near Heidelberg followed in 1190. From 1204 at the latest, the monastery was directly imperial. Only at the end of the 14th century did it come under the rule of Württemberg. In 1534 it was dissolved after the introduction of the Reformation. The goods of the monastery and the associated place were administered by Württemberg bailiffs in the monastery office of Bebenhausen. In 1759 this was raised to the rank of Oberamt and its seat moved to Lustnau. From 1807 Bebenhausen belonged to the Oberamt Tübingen.
  • Bühl (locality) was first mentioned around 1100 as "Buhile". Around 1120,Bühl's noble free are mentioned. In the 12th century, the place came to the Counts of Hohenberg. From 1292 Bühl was given as a fiefdom to Amman von Rottenburg, who held it until 1502. Then it was split up. Among others, the gentlemen from Ehingen zu Kilchberg and the gentlemen from Stain zum Rechtenstein were the owners. The latter built the castle from 1550. The sovereignty over Bühl was incumbent on Austria. The fiefdom was withdrawn several times and pledged again. In 1805 Bühl came to Württemberg and was assigned to the Oberamt Rottenburg . When it was dissolved in 1938, Bühl came to the Tübingen district.
  • Derendingen (district) was first mentioned around 1089 as "Taredingin". The lords of Derendingen were servants of the Counts of Achalm , who sold half of the town to the Zwiefalten monastery . In the 13th century, servants of the Count Palatine of Tübingen ruled over the other half, who sold their stake to Württemberg in 1342. However, the Zwiefalten monastery was able to expand its share in the village later. In 1750 the Zwiefalten monastery exchanged its property with Württemberg, so that all of Derendingen was part of Württemberg. The Württemberg part always belonged to the Office or Oberamt Tübingen.
  • Hagelloch (locality) was first mentioned in 1106 as "Hagunloch". The place was sold to the Bebenhausen monastery in 1296 via several lords, with whom it came to Württemberg in 1534. Hagelloch remained under the administration of the Bebenhausen Monastery Office until 1807 and then came to the Tübingen Regional Office.
  • Hirschau (locality) was first mentioned around 1204 as "Hizroune". Over several lords the place came under Hohenberg fief and from 1381 to Austria. From 1621 Hirschau was again pledged to the Barons von Hohenverg, from 1733 to the Lords von Raßler (until 1762). After the transfer to Württemberg in 1805, Hirschau was assigned to the Rottenburg Oberamt in 1807 and when it was dissolved in 1938 it came to the Tübingen district.
  • Kilchberg (locality) was first mentioned in the 12th century as "Kiliberc". The local nobility were servants of the Count Palatine of Tübingen. From 1429 the place came to the Lords of Ehingen zu Hohenentringen, but one eighth of the place had been part of Württemberg since 1389. The Ehinger built the castle. In the 17th century, the place was divided between different gentlemen, including Leutrum von Ertingen . In 1805 Kilchberg came to Württemberg and was assigned to the Upper Office of Tübingen.
  • Lustnau (district) was first mentioned around 1120 as "Lustnow". The place was ruled by the Palatine ministerials from Lustnau. But the village gradually came to the Bebenhausen monastery, which established a nursing yard here. After the abolition of the monastery, Lustnau was the seat of the Bebenhausen monastery office, which was only dissolved in 1807. Since then the place has belonged to the Oberamt Tübingen. As a result of major construction activities, the village expanded in the direction of Tübingen from around 1930, so that today the place has grown together with the core city.
  • Pfrondorf (locality) was first mentioned around 1200 as "Prundorf". First with the Count Palatine of Tübingen, the place came to the Lords of Lustnau and finally around 1400 to the Bebenhausen Monastery, to whose monastery office the place belonged. In 1807 Pfrondorf came to the Oberamt Tübingen.
  • Unterjesingen (locality) was first mentioned at the end of the 11th century as "Yesingen". Marshals von Jesingen named themselves after the place from 1299 on. The village belonged to Roseck Castle, which was owned by the Lords of Ow and in 1410 came to the Bebenhausen monastery. The village and castle thus became part of Württemberg and belonged to the Bebenhausen monastery office. In 1807 Jesingen came to the Oberamt Tübingen and in 1810 to the Oberamt Herrenberg . To distinguish it from the neighboring village of Oberjesingen, the prefix Unter- was added, so that the place has been called Unterjesingen ever since. When the Oberamt Herrenberg was dissolved in 1938, Unterjesingen became part of the Tübingen district.
  • Waldhausen (district) was first mentioned around 1100. Around 1270 the place came to the Bebenhausen monastery and from 1534 to the Bebenhausen monastery office. In 1807 the place came to the Oberamt Tübingen, but always remained a part of the political community of Bebenhausen. In 1934 the place was re-municipalityed to Tübingen. In 1967 the district of Waldhausen was abolished. In the 1970s, not far from the hamlet of Waldhausen, a new residential area " Waldhäuser Ost (WHO)" was built, which today has grown together with the core city of Tübingen.
  • Weilheim (locality) was first mentioned around 1100 as "Wilon". From 1271 ministerials of the Count Palatine of Tübingen named themselves after the place. In 1342 the place came with Tübingen to Württemberg and from 1500 was assigned to the office or later Oberamt Tübingen.

Incorporations

The following communities and districts were incorporated into the city of Tübingen:

Population development

Population development of Tübingen from 1871 to 2017

In the Middle Ages and the early modern period , Tübingen had a few thousand inhabitants. The population grew slowly and fell again and again due to the numerous wars, epidemics and famine. The plague epidemics in 1348 and during the Thirty Years' War in 1634 and 1635 claimed numerous lives. Only with the beginning of industrialization in the 19th century did population growth accelerate. In 1818 only 7,500 people lived in the city, in 1900 there were already 15,000. By 1939 the population doubled to 30,000. Through the incorporation of eight smaller neighboring communities in the early 1970s, the population grew from 55,000 in 1970 to 70,000 in 1973. On December 31, 2008, the " official population " for Tübingen was 85,344 according to the state statistical office of Baden-Württemberg. A second home tax has also been levied in Tübingen since 2009 . Since 2012, the tax rate has been 10% of the annual basic rent. For this reason, the number of people with their main residence has increased by approx. 3000 people within one year. Mayor Boris Palmer (GREEN) is aiming for a population of 100,000 in the medium term. After the population of Tübingen fell by 6.5 percent to around 85,000 as a result of the 2011 census , this target will be difficult to achieve in the near future. To this end, but also to create more living space, the city, like many other cities, is pursuing the policy of closing construction gaps. It also wants to counteract increasing urban sprawl .

religion

Denomination statistics

According to the 2011 census , 38.9% of the population were Protestant , 24.6% Roman Catholic and 36.5% belonged to another religious community or none or did not provide any information. At the end of 2019, of 91,656 inhabitants in Tübingen, 33.0% (30,231) were Protestant, 22.5% Catholic (20,200) and 45.0% (41,225) belonged to another religious community or did not provide any information. At the end of 2020, 32.3% of the 90,877 inhabitants were Protestant (30,231), 21.4% Catholic (19,447) and 46.3% (42,032) belonged to another religious community or did not provide any information.

Christianity

Tübingen initially belonged to the diocese of Constance and was assigned to the archdeaconate “in front of the forest” (chapter Sülchen). As a result of belonging to the Duchy of Württemberg, the Reformation was introduced here, as in the rest of Württemberg, from 1535 onwards. The reformers working in the city were Ambrosius Blarer and Balthasar kauffelin . Thereafter, Tübingen was a predominantly Protestant city for many centuries. In 1559 the great church ordinance came into force. Tübingen soon became the seat of a deanery (see church district Tübingen ) within the Württemberg regional church , which initially belonged to the general superintendent of Bebenhausen. From 1692 there was a dean's office in Lustnau. In 1806 Tübingen became the seat of its own general superintendent. The Deanery of Tübingen has been part of the Reutlingen Prelature since 1911.

The main Protestant church in Tübingen is the collegiate church , which probably emerged from a chapel mentioned around 1188. The church, consecrated to St. Georg, later to St. Georg and Maria, was elevated to the status of a collegiate church in 1476 after the Sindelfingen canon monastery had been transferred to the Tübingen parish church. The current church was built from 1470. The tower comes from the previous church. The second old church in the city is the Jakobuskirche, first mentioned in 1337 . It was also originally a chapel, which was connected to the hospital after the Reformation. The church, which is essentially Romanesque, was redesigned in the Gothic style in the 16th century. A parish was established on her in 1910. Other Protestant churches are the Eberhardkirche from 1911 (parish from 1911), the Martinskirche from 1955 (parish from 1957), the Stephanuskirche from 1968 (parish from 1965), the Albert Schweitzer Church and the Dietrich Bonhoeffer Church, which was built between 1983 and 1985. These seven parishes in the core city of Tübingen form the Evangelical Church Community of Tübingen.

The Wilhelmsstift and the Catholic parish church St. Johannes seen from the tower of the collegiate church
View from Hohentübingen Castle to the city center of Tübingen
Albert Schweitzer Church

From the Augustinian monastery founded in the 13th century, the Evangelical Abbey emerged after the Reformation. The Franciscan monastery , founded around 1272, was converted into the Collegium Illustre after the Reformation . The Catholic theological seminary from Ellwangen moved here in 1817 . Since then it has been referred to as the Wilhelmsstift .

With the exception of Bühl and Hirschau, the Reformation was also introduced in the districts of Tübingen due to their predominant affiliation with Württemberg. Therefore, to this day, there is usually a Protestant parish or at least a Protestant church. Derendingen had a chapel as early as 1189. The current church was built in 1514. The Protestant church Hagelloch was built in 1904 in the neo-Romanesque style. However, there was a parish in Hagelloch since 1545. The Reformation was introduced in Kilchberg by Georg II von Ehingen. The parish church in Kilchberg has different construction phases. The oldest part is probably Romanesque. The Protestants in Bühl also belong to the Kilchberg community. The church of St. Martin in Lustnau was built at the end of the 15th century, but there was already a church and a parish in the 12th century. The parish of Bebenhausen is also looked after by the parish of Lustnau. But with the former monastery church, the community also has its own church. Pfrondorf was initially a branch of Lustnau. In 1833 the place received its own parish and also its own church. Unterjesingen had a parish as early as the 11th century and a church dedicated to St. Barbara from the 14th century. The current church was built between 1470 and 1494. In Weilheim there was a church dedicated to St. Nicomedes . The current church was built between 1499 and 1521 in the late Gothic style. The Protestants from Hirschau also belong to the community. All of the parishes mentioned also belong to the Tübingen deanery of the Evangelical Church in Württemberg.

As early as 1750, the Marchtal monastery established a Catholic parish in the hamlet of Ammern , which was abolished in 1806 when the Catholic parish of Tübingen was founded. The services were initially held in the Jakobuskirche - the former hospital church. From 1817 the director of the Wilhelmsstift was also a Catholic parish priest. In 1818 the congregation was able to build its own house of worship, the Church of St. Wilhelm near the Wilhelmsstift. The congregation, founded in 1806, initially belonged to the Diocese of Constance, then from 1808 to the General Vicariate of Ellwangen and from 1821 to the newly founded Diocese of Rottenburg (today Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart ). Today's Tübingen parish church of St. Johannes Evangelist was built between 1875 and 1878. After the Second World War, further Catholic parishes and churches emerged in Tübingen, namely St. Michael (1949, parish from 1958) and St. Paulus (1974, parish from 1975). A clinic church was built in 1961, where a parish had already been established in 1896. The university vicarage was established in 1933. The Catholics from Hagelloch and Unterjesingen also belong to the parish of St. Johannes Evangelist. The Catholics from Weilheim are looked after by the parish of St. Michael.

A church and a parish were named in the Bühl district in 1275. Since Bühl finally came under the sovereignty of Austria through various rulers , the place remained Catholic. Nevertheless, the Reformation was temporarily introduced by Georg II von Ehingen and David vom Stain in the 16th century, but it was reversed in 1609. The current parish church of St. Pankratius in Bühl was built in 1902, the tower is from the previous building in 1599. The parish also includes the Catholics from Kilchberg. The residents of Hirschau initially belonged to the parish of Sülchen near Rottenburg , some of them also to Wurmlingen. In 1461 the St. Aegidius chapel in Hirschau was raised to a parish. Today's Church of St. Giles is Gothic in essence, but was mostly rebuilt between 1851 and 1852. The Church of St. Petrus was built in Lustnau in 1956 and made a parish in 1961. This also includes the Catholics from Pfrondorf. All Catholic parishes in the Tübingen urban area are now part of the Rottenburg deanery of the Rottenburg-Stuttgart diocese.

In addition to the two large churches, Tübingen also has a Greek Orthodox community and free churches , including the Methodist Church (Friedenskirche), an Evangelical Free Church ( Baptist - Kreuzkirche), the TOS Church in Tübingen , a Free Christian Congregation, an independent Evangelical Lutheran congregation (Philippus congregation), an Advent congregation ( Seventh-day Adventists ) and a free church Pentecostal congregation (Arche). The New Apostolic Church , the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the Christian Community are also represented in Tübingen.

Judaism

See Tübingen Jewish Community and Synagogue (Tübingen) .

Islam

There are three mosques in Tübingen:

  • the IGMG in Reutlinger Strasse
  • the mosque in the Turkish Association in the moat
  • the Islamic culture and meeting center in Philosophenweg on the tub

The Center for Islamic Theology , which belongs to the University of Tübingen, has existed since the 2011/2012 winter semester .

Buddhism

The Tübingen Buddhists are organized in several groups that belong to different traditions of Buddhism :

  • The Buddhist Community of Tübingen is close to the Theravada tradition, but is also open to other Buddhist schools.
  • In Zen Dojo Tübingen is Zen Meditation practiced.
  • In Buddhist Center Tübingen the Karma Kagyu lineage is Kagyu taught -Tradition.
  • The Triratna Order offers weekly meetings.
  • The Yun Hwa Sangha is based on the teachings of the Buddhist master Ji Kwang Dae Poep Sa Nim.
  • Meditation & Mindfulness - Thich-Nhat-Hanh-Gruppe Tübingen offers weekly meetings. It is based on the Zen master Thich Nhat Hanh.

politics

mayor

Tübingen town hall on the market square (May 2008)

In Tübingen there has been evidence of a council and a court since around 1300, the council including the court. Both bodies represented the citizenry in relation to the rulers. After the transfer to Württemberg there was initially only one court. A council was not set up again until 1477, but it had completely different tasks. In the 16th century, both bodies were also referred to as the “magistrate”.

Originally, it was the task of up to two incumbent mayors at the same time to collect taxes and to run the municipal accounting, to supervise the municipal construction, and to keep the course of the bunting outside the city under control. From the middle of the 16th century, the tasks and importance of the mayor grew steadily. Their number increased by 1,600 to four. That corresponded to a quarter of the Tübingen court staff. You were in office for life, but only the two “calculating mayors” carried out official business. As members of the regional government, the mayors also played an important role in state politics.

In the 16th century the mayor was only entitled to a fixed salary of 30  florins . He received an additional 25 pounds of Heller from the tax collection and 5 pounds of Heller from the fruit administration. On December 24, 1674, Duke Wilhelm Ludwig decided that the mayor should draw 50 florins from the city treasury in the future, while the other court relatives and mayors should draw 24 florins a year. For this, however, the city had to pay 12 guilders as a tax to the princely chancellery. According to the princely resolution of 1710, the mayor received an annual fixed salary of 150 florins in addition to the waiting fee and the statutory counting fee. He was also allowed to use the kennel garden at the Schmiedtor since 1749.

With the introduction of the Württemberg municipal constitution in 1819, there was no longer any difference between court and council. The body was now referred to as the city council. The head of the city was initially called the Lord Mayor , from 1823 Stadtschultheiß and from 1903 again Lord Mayor. This is now directly elected by the citizens for a term of eight years. He is the chairman of the municipal council and head of administration. His general deputies are the first alderman with the official title “First Mayor” and the second alderman with the official title “Mayor”.

In the election of the Lord Mayor on October 22, 2006, with a turnout of 51.6%, Boris Palmer ( Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen ) was elected as the new Lord Mayor with 50.4% of the votes in the first ballot Incumbent Brigitte Russ-Scherer ( SPD , 30.2%) and Hans-Jörg Stemmler ( CDU , 11.9%). He took office on January 11, 2007.

In the election of the mayor on October 19, 2014, incumbent Boris Palmer (Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen) was confirmed in office with 61.7% of the votes in the first ballot with a turnout of 55.0%. The challenger Beatrice Soltys, supported by the CDU and FDP, came in at 33.2%.

Municipal council

The municipal council consists of the mayor as chairman and 40 voluntary city councilors. The committee defines the goals and the framework of local political action and decides on all important community matters, unless the mayor is responsible by law or the local council has assigned him certain tasks.

The municipal council is elected directly every five years. The last local election took place on May 26, 2019, at the same time as the European elections. Apart from the Pirate Party, all lists that had been represented in the municipal council up to that point were up again, as did the AfD and Democracy in Motion .

Tübingen municipal council: distribution of seats in 2019
        
A total of 40 seats
Composition of the municipal council (40 seats)
since the election on May 26, 2019
grouping Seats
AL / GREEN 14th
SPD 6th
Tübinger List eV 6th
CDU 5
TÜL / Die Linke 4th
FDP 2
The PARTY / Stammtisch "Our Chicken" 2
DiB 1

Youth Council

In 1999 the Tübingen Youth Council was elected for the first time . It consists of 20 members and is elected every two years by all 12 to under 19-year-olds in the Tübingen city area. Members may not be older than 18 years at the time of election. Like other youth councilors, he works with the mayor. A special feature of the youth community council is that in addition to the right to speak and be heard, it also has the right to make an application in the community council. Since 2002, the Lilli Zapf Youth Prize has been awarded annually by the youth council together with the association Courage e. V. in the field of moral courage and social affairs.

coat of arms

The coat of arms of the city of Tübingen shows the three-lobed red flag of the Count Palatinate in gold on three red suspension rings . On the shield are two diagonally crossed men's arms clad with red puffed sleeves with gold slits, holding two pointed stag poles pointing upwards . The city flag is red and yellow.

The city's oldest seal dates from 1272 and already shows the flag of the Count Palatine, which is also depicted in the coats of arms of Böblingen and Herrenberg. Even after the city became part of Württemberg, the coat of arms symbol was retained. However, on August 18, 1514, Duke Ulrich von Württemberg awarded the so-called upper coat of arms, the stag sticks with the two mercenary arms, as a special decoration of honor for the loyalty of the city during the uprising of poor Konrad .

Town twinning

Tübingen maintains a city ​​partnership with the following cities :

Some districts of Tübingen also have partner communities:

Left the building of the Schwäbisches Tagblatt , in the middle the Neckarinsel with plane tree avenue, right the Neckarfront with Hölderlin tower and collegiate church (2016)
Panorama from the collegiate church (2006)

Economy and Infrastructure

Marketplace
Market place from above

The economy of Tübingen is strongly influenced by the public service. The largest employers are the university and the clinic with a total of over 12,000 employees. The 30 or so authorities in Tübingen employ around 2,500 people. A total of around 40,400 employees subject to social security contributions work in Tübingen. In addition, there are civil servants and self-employed workers who work in Tübingen. Almost 24,000 of the employees subject to social insurance commute to Tübingen, around 10,000 people from Tübingen work away from home. In the 2000s, up to 2,843 citizens were registered as unemployed at the Employment Agency, around a third of them for more than twelve months. In June 2012, the number of unemployed reached a long-term low of 1,317 people. By August 2016 it rose to 1,671 unemployed, in December 2017 1,310 were registered as unemployed.

Industry

In contrast to many other cities in Württemberg, Tübingen was never a well-known industrial location . Today the city only has four major industrial employers - Walter AG , Hugo Brennenstuhl GmbH & Co. KG , Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH and the CHT / BEZEMA Group . There are also a number of smaller companies in mechanical engineering, medical technology and the textile industry. Many long-established handicraft businesses have come together in the Weststadt in the Handwerkerpark.

Up until the 1990s there were three other larger industrial companies that together employ several thousand people. In particular, these were the Württemberg terry weaving mill Lustnau ( insolvency 1992), the household appliance manufacturer Zanker (dissolution 1993) and the Beka-Werke , in which kitchen items were manufactured until 1999. The historically low industrialization of Tübingen and the associated low importance of Tübingen for armaments production in World War II were one of the reasons why the city was spared major Allied air raids.

Based on the research institutes of the university, Tübingen has developed into a center for information, bio and nanotechnology in recent years. Many of these companies are based on the Upper Viehweide in the Tübingen-Reutlingen Technology Park, Germany's largest start-up center for biotechnology, for example immatics and vaccine pioneer CureVac . The so-called Cyber ​​Valley, Europe's largest research consortium in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), has also been developing from the technology park since 2017. Due, among other things, to the proximity to the rapidly growing Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , some well-known companies have announced the establishment of their own research centers in the field of artificial intelligence in Tübingen. The Robert Bosch GmbH planning to build an AI campuses with 700 employees on the Upper Pasture. At the end of 2021, Amazon will be operating an AI development center with 200 employees in the immediate vicinity.

In May 2021, Porsche announced that it would build a battery cell factory in Tübingen.

Utilities and service companies

The Stadtwerke Tübingen GmbH (SWT) are responsible for electricity, water, gas, district heating and telecommunications supply to the city. They also operate the Tübingen baths and parking garages. The subsidiary Stadtverkehr Tübingen organizes the bus transport. With the Neckarwerk hydropower plant , SWT also operates a run-of-river power plant.

traffic

Public transport

Public transport
Ride-on bench in
Aixer Strasse

Local public transport (ÖPNV) is organized by Stadtverkehr Tübingen (SVT), a branch of Stadtwerke Tübingen GmbH. The individual city bus routes are advertised and awarded to a bus company for a certain period of time. Every night run night buses on 12 lines. Local transport is integrated into the Neckar-Alb-Danube transport association (NALDO). A semester ticket is available for students at Eberhard Karls University , which is valid in the entire NALDO network. Tübingen is experimenting with a free public transport offer. Currently, however, free use only applies on Saturdays (as of August 2019). The city pays the transport company TüBus € 260,000 annually.

In addition to local public transport, Tübingen offers the concept of ride-on benches to improve the mobility of people without a car (such as the elderly, young people) .

railroad

The train stations and stops are located in the urban area

On the Plochingen – Immendingen railway line, there are regional trains to Wendlingen (travel time approx. 40 minutes) and regional express trains to Stuttgart main station (travel time approx. 61 minutes). At the Plochingen train station there is a connection to the Filstalbahn in the direction of Ulm . In addition, a two-hour Interregio-Express (IRE) runs with just one stop in Reutlingen Central Station to Stuttgart (journey time approx. 45 minutes), where it connects to long-distance traffic. Since December 13, 2009, Tübingen has also had a long-distance connection. A daily Intercity service connects Tübingen with Stuttgart, Mannheim , Cologne and Düsseldorf , and on certain days also with Berlin . The Kulturbahn trains take you to Pforzheim every two hours without having to change trains via Horb , Nagold and Calw (travel time around an hour and 40 minutes). The direction of Rottenburg is driven every 30 minutes. In Horb there is a connection to Singen .

The Ammertalbahn leads to Herrenberg . There you can change to the S1 line of the Stuttgart S-Bahn via Böblingen to Stuttgart (total travel time to Stuttgart Hbf 68 minutes).

Trains run via Hechingen , Balingen and Albstadt to Sigmaringen on the Tübingen – Sigmaringen line , also known as the Zollernalbbahn .

Regional light rail

The establishment of a Neckar-Alb regional light rail system based on the Karlsruhe model has been planned for a number of years . For this purpose, a tram route from the main train station via the university and university clinics to the Waldhäuser Ost residential area is to be built, which will be connected to regional train services (inner-city route). A standardized assessment resulted in a positive economic benefit-cost ratio of 1.4. The inner city route in Tübingen is being discussed controversially by the citizens, so that the administration and the municipal council have promised a referendum. In 2013, the surveying work on the regional light rail system began. The government of the state of Baden-Württemberg secured the financing of the project in 2014. The municipal council agreed on a referendum in 2020 on the construction of the inner city route.

Tourist trains on weekends in summer

Hohenzollerische Landesbahn tourist trains from Tübingen to Kleinengstingen (carriages 4–5), Schömberg (carriages 3) and Sigmaringen (cars 1–2) reach the Obere Donau Nature Park , where a timed offer is available on all routes. An early train has been offering full-day excursions since 2015.

Germany clock

In Germany, the Tübingen train station is planned to be expanded to Stuttgart every half hour.

Long-distance bus

Various long-distance bus lines connect the city with Karlsruhe , Munich , Villingen-Schwenningen and Freiburg, among others .

Private transport

Road traffic

Although the city does not have a direct motorway connection, two important federal highways intersect in Tübingen : the B 27 Schaffhausen - Villingen-Schwenningen - Tübingen - Stuttgart - Heilbronn and the B 28 Strasbourg - Freudenstadt - Tübingen - Reutlingen - Ulm . The B 27 is developed like a motorway towards the north, so that the federal motorway 8 near Stuttgart can be reached quickly. The four-lane expansion from Derendingen to Dußlingen was completed in autumn 2006. The Schindhaubasistunnel is missing in between to relieve the southern part of the city . There are also plans to extend federal highway 28a in the direction of Rottenburg to the junction of federal highway 81 to consist of four lanes . The stretch up to the Hirschauer node was completed as a four-lane road in autumn 2007.

An environmental zone was set up in Tübingen in 2008 so that, with a few exceptions, the city can only be entered with a fine dust sticker. Exceptions are the larger thoroughfares B 27, B 28, Stuttgarter and Pfrondorfer Strasse through Lustnau, Wilhelmstrasse between Lustnau and Nordring, Nordring, Schnarrenbergstrasse into town to Breiten Weg, Breiter Weg, Gmelinstrasse into town to the University Hospital and Hagelocher Weg. In the city center, the Neckar car park on Wöhrdstrasse on Friedrichstrasse and the Metropol car park on Reutlinger Strasse on Hechinger Strasse are also excluded.

Due to the topographical conditions, there are considerable capacity problems in Tübingen in the inner-city north-south traffic. As early as the 19th century, bottlenecks in the connection between the university district to the north of the old town and the railway station in the south led from 1885 to 1887 to the expansion of the Mühlstraße located in the depression between the old town and Österberg . As early as 1938, heavy traffic led to the construction of an eastern bypass on what was then Reichsstrasse 27 , which, however, could not cover all traffic connections. In 1979, the four-lane Schlossberg tunnel on the B28 was put into operation to bypass the city center in the west . To relieve the Mühlstraße, a half-sided blockage for motorized individual traffic in the south direction was set up in 1992 . A redesign of the street space in Mühlstraße carried out in 2009 with the aim of better protected bicycle traffic led to problems in bus traffic, although the width of the lane used by the buses had not been reduced. A general widening of the road cross-section is not possible in this area.

More than 50 Tübingen streets around the world are named after Tübingen.

Bicycle traffic

The share of cycling in domestic traffic in Tübingen is around 23 percent, which is the order of magnitude of typical cycling cities. In terms of cycling, it is estimated that the quality of the current cycling network does not correspond to the very high importance of cycling in Tübingen. The local topography does not favor cycling either.

Coming from Schönbuch, the Hohenzollern Cycle Path leads through the city , which as a long-distance cycle route connects the greater Stuttgart area with Lake Constance and is therefore an important link in the German long-distance cycle network. The Neckar Valley Cycle Path also runs through the city. This path accompanies the Neckar as a river bike route for 410 km from its source to the mouth.

Long-distance hiking trails

The Jakobspilgerweg, known as the Via Beuronensis and signposted since 2009, begins at the Bebenhausen monastery in Tübingen . It leads over the Swabian Alb to Constance on Lake Constance . From there it leads through Switzerland, then through France and Spain to Santiago de Compostela . It is marked throughout with a stylized scallop shell .

media

The Schwäbisches Tagblatt , the local newspaper with the Südwest-Presse as a cover section, reports on local events in the Tübingen area . It is therefore a one-newspaper circle in which a header appears. In addition, the free advertising paper Tübinger Wochenblatt is distributed once a week .

The Southwest Broadcasting operates in Tübingen, a country club, from among others, the "Radio Tübingen" regional program within SWR4 produced Baden-Wuerttemberg and broadcast. Other radio programs are the Uniwelle Tübingen , the desert wave , the free radio for Tübingen and Reutlingen and the bright wave . The private regional television station RTF.1 also broadcasts from the Reutlingen and Tübingen area . In addition, the university television of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen CampusTV Tübingen reports on student events and regional topics.

Authorities, courts and institutions

CRONA clinics at the Tübingen University Hospital on the Schnarrenberg

Tübingen is the seat of the regional council and the district office of Tübingen.

There is also a regional court and a district court , as well as a tax office . The Tübingen courts previously belonged to the Higher Regional Court of Württemberg-Hohenzollern.

In addition to the university clinic, there has been the professional association accident clinic with 327 beds since 1957 and the Paul Lechler hospital for tropical diseases with 101 beds since 1916 .

Tübingen is the seat of the Baden-Wuerttemberg Pension Fund for Doctors, Dentists and Veterinarians, an agency subordinate to the Baden-Wuerttemberg Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs .

The city is the seat of the Tübingen church district of the Evangelical Church in Württemberg .

education and Science

University, university clinics and other universities

New auditorium at the University of Tübingen
University clinics Tübingen Schnarrenberg

The Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen is one of the oldest and most renowned German universities and was founded in 1477. This educational institution was at times the place of study for men of the resistance movement of July 20, 1944 . In the foyer of the New Auditorium will be remembered since 1984 these resistance fighters with a plaque.

In 2016, 27,500 students were enrolled at the Eberhard Karls University. This puts the city of Tübingen in 38th place in the ranking of the largest German university cities.

The Leibniz Kolleg , a former institution of the university, which is now run by a foundation, makes a significant and nationwide unique contribution to study orientation .

The university is connected to the Tübingen University Hospital with 17 different clinics and around 1,500 beds. The clinic has been run as an independent institution under public law since 1998.

The Evangelical Monastery of the Evangelical Church in Württemberg has existed since 1536. Furthermore, the Evangelical University for Church Music Tübingen is located in Tübingen , which moved away from Esslingen am Neckar in 1999 .

Tübingen has a state seminar for didactics and teacher training (grammar schools). The city is also a “corporate sponsoring member” of the Max Planck Society.

Institutes

schools

More than 15,000 children and young people go to school in Tübingen (as of 2017). In total there are more than 30 schools in the city area, including 15 elementary schools, two Werkrealschule, three Realschulen, five grammar schools, three vocational schools, a special school, a school for the mentally handicapped and a school for educational assistance as well as a Waldorf and a free active school.

Elementary schools
  • FAS - Free Active School Tübingen e. V.
  • All-day school at Hechinger Eck (with branch offices at Steinlach primary school and Ludwig Krapf school)
  • All-day school Dorfacker and Köstlin School Lustnau (with branch office Köstlin School)
  • All-day school Hügelschule
  • Community school French school
  • Elementary school on the tub
  • Elementary school Bühl
  • Hagelloch elementary school
  • Hirschau primary school
  • Elementary school in Aischbach
  • Primary school downtown (locations Lindenbrunnenschule and Silcherschule)
  • Kilchberg elementary school
  • Primary School Pfrondorf
  • Elementary school Unterjesingen
  • Weilheim elementary school
  • Elementary school Winkelwiese / Waldhäuser-Ost (locations Waldhäuser-Ost and Winkelwiese)
Comprehensive schools
Hauptschulen and Werkrealschulen
  • Geschwister-Scholl-Schule ("extended cooperation" school trial, no more regular secondary school since school year 2009/10)
  • FAS - Free Active School Tübingen e. V.
Community schools
  • Community School West
  • Community school French school
  • Geschwister-Scholl-Schule - Community school (emerged from the "Extended Cooperation" school experiment, GMS since 2012)
Special education and counseling centers
  • Kirnbach School
  • Pestalozzi School
  • Rudolf Leski School
High schools
Realschulen
  • Walter-Erbe-Realschule (expiring, affiliated to the French school, two grades in the 2019/2020 school year)
  • Geschwister-Scholl-Schule (school experiment "extended cooperation", no more regular secondary school since school year 2009/10)

Viticulture

Abandoned vineyard on Schnarrenberg. The terracing of the slope is clearly recognizable.

For a large part of the population of Tübingen, viticulture was the dominant branch of business until the 19th century. The vine growers of that time were referred to as Gôgen and Rauba (caterpillars) and were mocked. Even today, so-called Gôgen jokes are told , which are particularly rough and reflect the arduous life of the vineyards in earlier times. In the first half of the 20th century, viticulture in Tübingen almost completely came to a standstill, as the cultivation of high-quality wines in the Tübingen area is not profitable. The abundant south-facing slopes offer sufficient warmth, but not soils suitable for viticulture. The upper layers of the earth form only a relatively thin layer over the underlying rock made of gypsum keuper , colored marl and parlor sandstone . The soils on the slopes are therefore barren and unsuitable for agricultural use. Accordingly, the majority of this area is fallow today.

On the southern sides of Schlossberg, Spitzberg and Schnarrenberg , the terracing of the slopes from the days of viticulture is largely preserved, but in many places it is overgrown by forest or undergrowth. Since 2004 there is again a private winery in the city. Outside the actual urban area, there are a number of private wineries on the southern slope of the Spitzberg above the Hirschau district and on the southern edge of Schönbuch in Unterjesingen . The Tübingen vineyard sun Halden belongs to the area of Upper Neckar the wine-growing region Württemberg .

Tübingen wine is only available to a limited extent in Tübingen and the surrounding area today due to the small amount cultivated. Often it is served for a limited time in broom taverns . The sparkling wine Schloss Hohentübingen, which is available in some restaurants in the old town, is not made from Tübingen wine .

Residential projects

In 2001, with the purchase of the real estate of the Schellingstrasse residential project in Tübingen, the first residential project under the umbrella of the Mietshäusersyndikat outside the Freiburg region was created. There are now four tenement syndicate residential projects in Tübingen. In autumn 2010, the Tübingen municipal council decided to support the “Vierhäuser Projekt” residential project with a loan of 150,000 euros.

Colorful houses on the Neckar in summer

Solar construction obligation

In Tübingen, solar construction has been mandatory for new buildings since 2018 .

Culture and sights

Hölderlin tower on the Neckar with punt
Castle portal
Old town
Figure of a wild horse, mammoth ivory, 40,000 years old, Vogelherd Cave , part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site
Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura , Museum of the University of Tübingen MUT
Castle and town hall from the tower of the collegiate church in July 2007

Buildings

Cityscape

The famous old town was only placed under general protection in 2019. The oldest parts of the Tübingen town hall date from the 15th century. There are numerous half-timbered houses and many narrow streets. The Neckar front with the Hölderlin Tower is a well-known photo motif of the city and one of its most famous landmarks .

The hour strikes from the town hall and a carillon sounds several times a day .

Churches and monasteries

The collegiate church of Tübingen from 1470 is the main Protestant church in the city. The Württemberg dukes Eberhard im Bart (died 1496), Duke Ulrich (1550) and Duke Christoph (1568) are buried there in the choir of the collegiate church, which is separated off by the rood screen. Since 2014 the collegiate church has had a carillon that plays different melodies.

The second old church in the city is the Jakobuskirche , first mentioned in 1337 , which emerged from a chapel. The church, which is essentially Romanesque, was redesigned in the Gothic style in the 16th century.

From the Augustinian monastery founded in the 13th century, the Evangelical Abbey emerged after the Reformation. The Franciscan monastery, founded around 1272, was converted into the Collegium Illustre , today's Wilhelmsstift , after the Reformation .

The Catholic parish church of St. Johannes was built from 1875 to 1878, the Protestant Eberhard Church in 1911. An interesting example of New Building in the Weimar Republic is the New Apostolic Church, built by Karl Weidle in 1931 .

Many new churches were built after the Second World War . Evangelical churches are the Martinskirche from 1955, the Stephanuskirche from 1968, the Albert Schweitzer Church and the Dietrich Bonhoeffer Church, which was built between 1983 and 1985. Catholic churches from this period are St. Michael (1949), St. Petrus (1956) and St. Paulus (1974).

For the churches in the Tübingen districts, see the Religion section .

Other structures

Further sights are the Hohentübingen Castle , the Eberhard Karls University , the town hall , the city ​​museum , the Goethe house , the nuns house , the Bebenhausen monastery , the Bebenhausen nursing yard , the French quarter (“city of short distances”, under construction from 1991, as well as the Loretto quarter ), the Österbergturm , Bismarck tower and the Steinenberg tower .

In the old town, address Am Markt, there has been a newly created Neptune Fountain since 1948 , the figures of which were cast from weapon scrap. Originally the ornamental fountain carved out of sandstone by the stonemason Georg Müller stood at this point .

Museums

Well-known Tübingen museums are the Kunsthalle Tübingen , the museum in Hohentübingen Castle as an important part of the museum of the University of Tübingen MUT, where exhibits from the university's heritage-oriented scientific areas are exhibited, the Tübingen City Museum with the Lotte-Reiniger - silhouette collection , the Hölderlin Museum in the Hölderlin tower and the car and toy museum pit stop Tübingen in Brunnenstrasse.

The Museum of the University of Tübingen MUT is the only university facility in the world that houses artefacts with world heritage status, such as the oldest surviving figurative works of art and musical instruments of mankind, mammoth ivory figures and fragments of bone flutes. These come from the Vogelherd cave ( Swabian Alb ), which has been part of the UNESCO World HeritageCaves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura ” since 2017 . These objects were archaeologically excavated by the Institute for Prehistory and Early History at the Eberhard Karls University in Tübingen. In addition, various art, but also natural and geoscientific collections - a total of 66 - of the MUT, such as the graphic collection, the mineralogical collection or the paleontological collection of the university with numerous dinosaur specimens, can be visited. Other university collections open their doors by prior arrangement. Since 2012 there has also been the exhibition "MindThings - KopfSache", a cooperation between the Museum of the University of Tübingen MUT, the Department of Psychology and the University's Career Service.

In addition, there is the G91 building, converted by Herbert Rösler , which is used for exhibition purposes.

theatre

Landestheater Tübingen in a former chair factory

The most famous theater in the city is the Landestheater Tübingen (LTT). There is also the Zimmer Theater Tübingen , a small and contemporary theater in Bursagasse in the middle of the old town. The room theater also operates a venue in the former Löwen cinema. There are also several student theater groups at the university, as well as performances by independent theater groups in the Sudhaus sociocultural center . Every year in July / August, the Tübingen Summer Theater takes place at different venues, alternating between the LTT, the Zimmer Theater and the Lindenhof Theater .

City library

The Tübingen city library was initially founded in 1895 with a "people's reading room". Since 1985 the main office has been located in the specially converted former Stadtwerke building in Nonnengasse - the library system includes three branches in Derendingen, Waldhäuser-Ost and Wanne as well as the Uhlandstraße media center. With a stock of 233,267 (physical) media, over 972,742 loans were achieved in 2019.

music

Numerous choirs and orchestras, which are assigned to the university or the parishes or which are independent, shape the music scene in the city. The Tübingen motet is well known in the collegiate church as a weekly musical Saturday evening devotion based on the Leipzig model.

The most important venue for rock and pop music is the Sudhaus , the cultural center of the Sudhaus e. V.

The culmination point of the Tübingen jazz scene is the jazz club with its own domicile Jazzkeller in Haaggasse, the venue for regular jam sessions and 15 to 20 live concerts a year. In addition to the jazz club, the Jazz im Prinz Karl association has also made a name for itself as an organizer of national jazz concerts since it was founded in 1977 . There are also the music series Jazz in the Studio and the Jazz & Classic Days. From 2017 the events will take place at Club Voltaire .

From 1975 to 1992 the "Tübingen Folk and Songwriters Festival" shaped the musical life of Tübingen. Organized annually by Club Voltaire and the socio-cultural Tübingen scene on a special topic, events with national and international music greats attracted tens of thousands to Tübingen over the Whitsun days. Club Voltaire received the Culture Prize of the Kulturpolitische Gesellschaft in 1985 for its festival program.

The blues rock group Black Cat Bone has been one of the local heroes of the Tübingen music scene for over 30 years .

Outstanding among the wind groups are the Derendingen music association, which has been in existence since 1911 and has over 40 active members and its own youth brass band, the Harmonie Unterjesingen winegrowers' band with over 60 active musicians, a youth band and flute training, and the Pfrondorf music association with 30 active members and a youth wind orchestra. All of them enrich the cultural life of the university city with an annual open-air concert.

Tübingen has a very active heavy metal scene which has developed around the former beer cellar and the Metal Night in the Epplehaus . The Tübingen alternative metal band Circus of Fools has achieved a certain international fame through appearances at larger festivals such as the M'era Luna .

Newspapers, publishers

The Schwäbisches Tagblatt , based in Tübingen, is the daily newspaper with the highest circulation in the Tübingen district.

Parks and cemeteries

New botanical garden
Plane avenue on the Neckar Island

Green spaces form places of rest, strolling and playgrounds in the city center of Tübingen and are highly frequented local recreation areas . In the center of the city is the old botanical garden with old and species-rich trees and the monument "Genius of Glory" dedicated to Hölderlin . On the green Neckarinsel there is the more than 180 year old picturesque plane tree avenue opposite the Neckarfront with monuments to Friedrich Silcher and Ottilie Wildermuth , not far from it the park at the plant lake between the train station and the three "old" Tübingen grammar schools: Uhland , Kepler and Wildermuth grammar school . Between the Neckar and the old town lies the Österberg , which is almost completely undeveloped on one side and is used by walkers and paragliders in summer and tobogganers in winter. The Tübingen parks are also meeting places for students and learning locations in summer.

The New Botanical Garden Tübingen on Morgenstelle houses greenhouses with different temperatures, including a fuchsia house with a collection of plant species named after the Tübingen botanist Leonhart Fuchs .

The city's 14 cemeteries, including the mountain cemetery and the city ​​cemetery with the numerous graves of prominent citizens, are also part of the inner-city green spaces . The burial site of the Anatomical Institute is located on grave field X of the city cemetery , where almost 600 victims of state violence who did not die of natural causes are buried: political opponents of the Nazi system, forced laborers , deserters , prisoners of war . Commemorative plaques with their names remind of them. In 1980 the university had another plaque added to commemorate the victims of Nazi medicine.

The privately operated Tübingen Zoo was located at the foot of the Spitzberg from 1907 to 1919 .

Sports

The basketball players of SV 03 Tübingen play as Tigers Tübingen in the 2nd Bundesliga . The Derendingen Academics and the 2nd team of SV 03 ("Tigerle") are represented in the regional basketball league . In addition, the women's volleyball club Tübinger Modell eV plays in the Regionalliga Süd. In addition, the first division teams of TV Rottenburg (volleyball) and TuS Metzingen (women's handball) play all or individual home games (TuS) in Tübingen. Until the Tigers were relegated in 2018, Tübingen was the only city in Germany in which three representatives of indoor sports played their home games in the first Bundesliga at the same time.

The athletes like Dieter Baumann from LAV ASICS Tübingen and Marius Broening , the javelin thrower Stefan Wenk and the gymnasts Marie-Sophie Hindermann and Kim Bui are known .

Since October 2004 there has been a large sports hall on Europastraße, which was initially called the TüArena and is now called the Paul Horn Arena . You can swim in a modern outdoor pool and two indoor pools, including the historic Uhlandbad . The university's institute for sports science also has a wide range of options.

Other sports clubs in Tübingen are TSG Tübingen (founded in 1845; badminton, soccer, handball, climbing, gymnastics, lacrosse (Tuelax), athletics, parkour , rhythmic gymnastics, tennis and volleyball), SSC Tübingen (1988; American football ( Red Knights Tübingen ), soccer, volleyball), SV Bühl (1925; soccer, tennis, men's and women's gymnastics, children's gymnastics, Pilates, Nordic walking, fitness gymnastics, dance courses for children, back exercises, table tennis), TV Derendingen 1900 (basketball, Soccer, tennis, table tennis, gymnastics), TSV Hagelloch (1913; soccer, gymnastics, athletics, volleyball, handball), TSV Hirschau (1923; soccer, tennis, table tennis, volleyball, gymnastics / athletics, leisure time), TSV Lustnau (1888; badminton, soccer, handball, athletics, rehab, tennis, table tennis, gymnastics), SV Pfrondorf 1903, SV Unterjesingen 1923 (soccer, athletics, gymnastics) and SV Weilheim (1979; aerobics, badminton, basketball, L athletics, tennis, table tennis, volleyball, walking). The ATV Arminia zu Tübingen is a non-competitive sports association at the Eberhard Karls University in Tübingen.

Clubs dedicated to one sport only include: the bowling club BSV Tübingen (1964), the Tübingen sport fencers , the hockey club Tübingen (1984), the aviation clubs Tübingen (1950) and Unterjesingen (1934), the Tübingen rowing club Fidelia (1877), the RV ( cycling clubs ) Tübingen ("RV Pfeil ") and Derendingen (both 1905), the cycling community Tübingen (bike trial), the equestrian clubs RSV Roseck (Unterjesingen) riding and driving club Buhl, city Guards on horseback in 1514 (the oldest club of Tübingen) and Tübingen riding society that chess clubs Chess Community Hohentübingen (2006) and SV Tübingen 1870, the Tübingen swimming club (1913), the squash island sports club (1980), the Schützengesellschaft Tübingen (1562), Bühl (1892), Derendingen (1954), Pfrondorf and Hagelloch (1963), the academic ski - Club Tübingen (1908), the ski club Hirschau (1975), the TC ( tennis club) Tübingen (1909), the karate team Tübingen (2009), the TSC Astoria Tübingen , the dance club TTC Rot-Gold Tübingen (1972) Tübingen Hawks Baseball & So ftball eV (1985) and the Karate Team Tübingen (2011).

The university sports organized by the Institute for Sports Science with an extensive competition and popular sports program are also characteristic of the sporting life of the city of Tübingen . The 100-kilometer relay race and the annual city run are at the forefront of the university and social life in Tübingen.

Student associations

Connection houses on the Wielandshöhe above the Neckar
Graffiti art, Epplehaus (2018)

In Tübingen there are currently 36 student associations , which shape the cityscape of Tübingen in particular through their stately houses. Above all, the front Österberg and the Schloßberg are lined with connecting houses. The punt race , which takes place every year in early summer, also lives off the participating student associations. More than a quarter are beating connections, the rest is made up of non-beating, "mixed" or all women connections.

Regular events

  • January
    • Arab Film Festival, mid / late January
  • March
    • Exhibition “For the Family” (fdf), beginning of March
  • April
  • May
  • June
    • Punt race on the Neckar on Corpus Christi day (in May or June); 1:00 p.m. costume parade, 2:00 p.m. start of the race around the Neckar Island
    • Ract! Festival, a “ free and outdoors ” music event in June or July with bands and workshops
    • Tübinger Wassermusik, a concert in a special atmosphere. It takes place on the Neckar. The audience sits in punting boats.
  • July
    • French Summer Festival - in the Franco-German Cultural Institute
    • Tübingen summer island, end of July - beginning of August
  • August
    • Bedtime stories in early August
    • Summer University in early August
  • September
    • Umbrian-Provencal market in mid-September
    • Tübingen city run in mid-September
    • Retromotor a classic car festival on the third weekend in September
  • October
  • November
  • December
    • Nikolauslauf , half marathon on the edge of the Schönbuch nature park in the north of Tübingen
    • chocolART , international chocolate festival in early December
    • Cine Español - early to mid December
    • Christmas market on the third weekend in Advent from Friday to Sunday

Cinemas

  • Arsenal at the moat
  • Atelier in front of the Hague Gate
  • Blue bridge with 3 rooms
  • Museum at the Lustnauer Tor with 3 halls

Personalities

The list of personalities of the city of Tübingen contains personalities born in Tübingen as well as those who worked in Tübingen, but were born elsewhere.

Honorary citizen

See also

Portal: Tübingen  - Overview of Wikipedia content on the subject of Tübingen

literature

  • Württemberg city book. Volume IV, sub-volume Baden-Württemberg (= German city book. Handbook of urban history. Volume 2). On behalf of the Working Group of the Historical Commissions and with the support of the German Association of Cities , the Association of German Cities and the German Association of Municipalities , ed. by Erich Keyser . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1961, DNB 454817088 .
  • Description of the Oberamt Tübingen. Edited by the royal statistical-topographical bureau (= The Württemberg Oberamtsbeschreibung from 1824 to 1886. Volume 49). Reissue. Unchangeable photomechan. Reprint [of the edition] Stuttgart, Lindemann, 1867. Bissinger, Magstadt (near Stuttgart) 1970, DNB 730312054 (in Fraktur ).
  • Klaus Beyrer (ed.): The journey to Tübingen. City views between 1700 and 1850. Narr Verlag, Tübingen 1987, ISBN 3-87808-327-0 .
  • Martin Biastoch : Tübingen students in the German Empire. A socio-historical investigation (= Contubernium - Tübingen contributions to the history of universities and science. Volume 44). Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1996, ISBN 3-7995-3236-6 (also: Tübingen, University, dissertation, 1993/1994).
  • Wilfried Setzler , Benigna Schönhagen , Hans-Otto Binder : Small Tübingen city history. Silberburg-Verlag, Tübingen 2006, ISBN 3-87407-666-0 .
  • Tubingensia. Impulses for the city and university history. Festschrift for Wilfried Setzler on the occasion of his 65th birthday (= Tübingen building blocks for regional history. Volume 10). Edited by Sönke Lorenz and Volker [Karl] Schäfer in conjunction with the Institute for Historical Regional Studies and Historical Auxiliary Sciences at the University of Tübingen. Editor: Susanne Borgards. Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2008, ISBN 978-3-7995-5510-4 .
  • The district of Tübingen (= the urban and rural districts in Baden-Württemberg). 3 parts. Edited by the Baden-Württemberg State Archives Administration in conjunction with the Tübingen district. Part 1: General part. Printing house Tübinger Chronik, [Tübingen] 1967, DNB 457344695 ; Part 2: The district of Tübingen. Official district description. Kohlhammer [in Komm.], Stuttgart et al. 1972, ISBN 3-17-258321-X ; Part 3: The district of Tübingen. Official district description. Kohlhammer [in Komm.], Stuttgart et al. 1974, ISBN 3-17-001015-8 .
  • H. Reim: The early Bronze Age menhir from Weilheim, City of Tübingen. In: Jost Reischmann (Ed.): 900 years of Weilheim. A home book. Administrative office Tübingen-Weilheim, Tübingen-Weilheim 1991, DNB 950470996 , p. 55 ff.
  • Jürgen Hald: The Iron Age in the Upper Gäu. Studies on the settlement history of Hallstatt and Latène times (= material booklets on archeology in Baden-Württemberg. Issue 86). Theiss, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-8062-2369-9 (also: Tübingen, University, dissertation, 2008).
  • Klaus Harpprecht , Photos: Stefan Moses: Tübingen: Citizens, Boys, Spirit and God. In: Geo-Magazin . Hamburg 1979, 9, pp. 38-60 (informative experience report).

Movie

  • Tubingen. The film. The history. Documentary film, Germany, 2012, 43:40 min., Script and director: Anita Bindner, production: Haus des Dokumentarfilms , cinema release: November 14, 2012, first broadcast: August 31, 2014 on SWR , series: Geschichte im Südwesten, table of contents .

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Individual evidence

  1. Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2019 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
  2. ^ Tübingen mittendrin, Geodesy and Botany ( Memento from April 7, 2010 in the Internet Archive ). In: tuebingen-info.de.
  3. Hansjörg Jung: Many roads lead to the center. (No longer available online.) In: Sindelfinger Zeitung / Böblinger Zeitung . October 22, 2015, archived from the original on December 8, 2015 ; Retrieved December 5, 2015 .
  4. Madeleine Wegner: Troubled happiness at the center of the country. Center in Tübingen or Böblingen? In: Schwäbisches Tagblatt . November 9, 2015, accessed December 5, 2015 .
  5. Residents with main and secondary residence by district and status on December 31, 2018 (PDF; 245 kB).
  6. Johannes Baier: The Geological Educational Trail on the Kirnberg (Schönbuch) - The Keuper's past. In: fossils. Wiebelsheim 2014, 31 (5), ISSN  0175-5021 , pp. 36-40.
  7. Johannes Baier: The new geological nature trail in the Kirnbachtal (Keuper, Schönbuch). In: Exposure. Heidelberg 2020, 71 (2), ISSN  0004-7856 , pp. 81-89.
  8. ^ Johannes Baier: The drilling at Österberg in Tübingen from 1831. - Annual report. Announcements of the Upper Rhine Geological Association, N. F. 96, Stuttgart, 2014, ISSN  0078-2947 , pp. 331-340.
  9. LUBW data and map service
  10. ^ The district of Tübingen. Official district description. Published by the Baden-Württemberg State Archives Administration in conjunction with the Tübingen district, Stuttgart 1967, p. 157 ff.
  11. H. Reim: The Early Bronze Age Menhir from Weilheim , City of Tübingen. In: J. Reischmann (Ed.): 900 years of Weilheim. A home book. 1991, p. 55 ff.
  12. ^ J. Hald: The Iron Age in the Upper Gäu: Studies on the settlement history of Hallstatt and Latène times. Stuttgart 2009, p. 169 f.
  13. Further etymological descriptions on the etymology of the place name Tübingen. In: TÜpedia, March 30, 2016, 1:24 p.m., accessed on September 8, 2019.
  14. Ludwig Karl Schmid: History of the Counts of Zollern-Hohenberg and their county according to mostly unpublished sources. A contribution to the history of the Swabian and German Empire. Stuttgart, Gebrüder Scheitlin, 1862, 626 pages.
  15. Theodor Haering : "The moon roars through the Neckar valley ..." A romantic walk through Tübingen at night along with all sorts of useful and entertaining considerations. Wunderlich, Tübingen 1935, pp. 205-206.
  16. Wilfried Setzler: Small Tübingen City Chronicle ( Memento from July 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ).
  17. Robert Kurz: Black Book Capitalism: A Swan song on the market economy. 2nd edition, 2002 ( exit-online.org ( Memento from May 18, 2019 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 2.4 MB, accessed on September 8, 2019]).
  18. Ulrich Köpf: Historical-critical view of history: Ferdinand Christian Baur and his students. 8th Blaubeurer Symposium. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1994, p. 97 ( preview in Google book search).
  19. 200 years of economics and political science at the Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen. Life and work of the professors. The Economics Faculty of the University of Tübingen and its predecessors (1817–2002). Volume 1. Ed. And edit. by Helmut Marcon and Heinrich Strecker. Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-515-06657-8 , p. 212 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  20. ^ Ingrid Bauz, Sigrid Brüggemann, Roland Maier (eds.): The Secret State Police in Württemberg and Hohenzollern. Butterfly-Verlag, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-89657-138-0 , p. 94 ff.
  21. The memorial book of the Federal Archives for the Victims of the National Socialist Persecution of Jews in Germany (1933–1945) lists 32 Jewish residents of Tübingen who were deported and mostly murdered . Memorial book. Search in the name directory. Search for: Tübingen - place of residence. In: bundesarchiv.de, accessed on March 5, 2021 (results take into account Jewish people who lived in Tübingen, possibly also in other places).
  22. Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, volume 1. Federal Agency for Civic Education , Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 92 ff.
  23. History of the Jews. In: tuebingen.de, accessed on October 11, 2017.
  24. City tour on the traces of Jewish life. In: tuebingen.de, accessed on October 11, 2017.
  25. Erich Keyser: Württembergisches Städtebuch. Stuttgart 1955, p. 489.
  26. ^ Udo Rauch (city archivist): Tübingen at the end of the war. Memento dated October 8, 2006. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  27. ^ City portrait of Tübingen: Reformation city of Tübingen. Germany. In: reformation-cities.org/cities, accessed on October 11, 2017 (on the history of the Reformation in Tübingen).
  28. State government of Baden-Württemberg: Model project "Opening with Security" starts in Tübingen (accessed: April 2, 2021).
  29. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 534 .
  30. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 535 .
  31. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 539 .
  32. Only main residences and after comparison with the other state offices.
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