Hohentübingen Castle

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hohentübingen Castle
Castle courtyard
West side of the castle
Gate portal of the castle
Lower castle gate and view of the old town
Museum of Ancient Cultures, exhibition room with Ice Age art and musical instruments , Collection of Older Prehistory, Museum of the University of Tübingen MUT

The Castle Hohentübingen is centrally located in the city of Tübingen on a mountain spur. It was built from the 11th century onwards, expanded in the 16th century and, in its current form, represents a mixture of a medieval castle , modern castle and fortress .

history

middle Ages

The Hohentübingen Castle was probably built around 1037; after white, the “ … stone walls… were only built in the course of the 12th and 13th centuries, before the castle was only surrounded by wooden palisades. “The building was first mentioned in writing in 1078: The Zwiefaltener Annalen describe the siege of a castle“ Duwingen ”by King Heinrich IV during the investiture controversy ; at the same time a certain Count Hugo III. von Tübingen in " ... another source ... " mentioned.

A Trier manuscript (“gesta Trevir”) called the Hohentübingen, on the occasion of whose siege Archbishop Udo von Trier died, “Tuingia castru Alemanorium”. Other authors (Sattler, Schmid) designated the year of the siege as 1079 or 1080 and claimed that the castle and town had been conquered. The Counts of Tübingen were first mentioned in 1081 and in 1149 by the Roman-German King Konrad III. elevated to count palatine (see also Palatinate Tübingen ). In 1342 the indebted Count Palatine of Tübingen sold their city and castle to the Counts and later Dukes of Württemberg , who used Hohentübingen as a residence next to Stuttgart or Urach .

Early modern age

Under Duke Ulrich (1495–1550) the medieval castle was almost completely demolished and from 1509 rebuilt as a permanent castle with four artillery roundels. The work was suspended from 1519 during the Duke's absence and resumed in 1534. At that time, under the direction of Heinz von Lüder, most of the architecture that is visible today was created, especially the four wings around the rectangular inner courtyard with the four stair towers. Other foremen were Balthasar von Germersheim and Hieronymus Latz . The castle now served as a secondary residence and together with the fortifications of Hohenneuffen , Hohenurach , Hohenasperg , Hohentwiel and Schorndorf and Kirchheim (Teck) also as a state fortress.

In 1591, under Duke Ludwig, on the orders of Emperor Rudolf II. Count Conrad von Pappenheim , he died in 1603. At the beginning of the 17th century, Duke Friedrich I (1593–1608) had Hohentübingen additionally expanded and fortified. He crowned the work in 1607 with a magnificent portal in the Renaissance style , which was designed by Christoph Jelin , among others .

Following the Battle of Nördlingen in 1634, after the defeat of the Swedish Protestant army, Hohentübingen was handed over to the Duke of Lorraine without a fight . The very valuable ducal library located here was kidnapped to the court library in Munich. In 1647 a French force besieged Hohentübingen Castle and blew up one of the corner towers. Shortly afterwards, the fortress was handed over to the French by the Bavarian occupation forces. Johann Wolfgang v. During a visit to the castle in 1797, Goethe immortalized himself on the so-called " Big Barrel " with the smug sentence: "If the Swabians didn't have their wine, they would be destined for something higher."

Since it was established by Johann Gottlieb Bohnenberger in 1817 , the north-east tower of the castle has been considered the cartographic zero point of Württemberg, from which Bohnenberger measured the entire Kingdom of Württemberg.

Museum of the University of Tübingen MUT

Viewing a showcase in the museum of the University of Tübingen MUT
Castle and town (1643 by Merian)

Today the castle houses the Museum of Ancient Cultures , which was established in 1994 and has been open to the public since 1997 , including the Museum of World Cultures . Both are part of the Museum of the University of Tübingen MUT and show an excerpt from the university teaching collections of the Older Prehistory , the Younger Prehistory, Egyptology , Ancient Oriental Studies , Classical Numismatics , Ethnology , Classical Archeology (cast collection and original collection).

The MUT is the only university museum in the world to house artifacts from two different UNESCO World Heritage Sites . The collection of the Younger Prehistory holds artefacts from wetland settlements that have been part of the UNESCO World Heritage “ Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps ” since 2011 . The oldest surviving figural works of art and musical instruments of mankind - mammoth ivory figures and fragments of bone flutes - are part of the collection of the Elderly Prehistory. These come from the Vogelherd Cave ( Swabian Alb ), which has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage “ Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura ” since 2017 . In special exhibitions, the individual departments also repeatedly report on their work, important new discoveries and current research results. Also generally relevant and exciting science and cultural history exhibitions round off the presentations.

For groups of children, adolescents and adults, workshops such as a Stone Age workshop, hieroglyphics, antique clothing or tattoos, to name just a few, are offered in courses. The knight's hall with the cast collection has become a popular place for poetry readings, music matinées and receptions due to its unusual, peaceful and light atmosphere. In the castle laboratory in the former castle kitchen, the first biochemical laboratory world, was u. a. discovered by Friedrich Miescher in 1869 the “nucleus”, the DNA substance. The room with its Renaissance vaults has been set up as a small, freely accessible museum on the subject of biochemistry since November 2015 .

See also

literature

  • Heike Frommer: A political manifesto. The lower Tübingen castle portal. In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg , 33rd year 2004, issue 1, pp. 30–35 ( PDF )
  • Wolfgang Sannwald (ed.): History trains . Between Schönbuch, Gäu and Alb: the Tübingen district. A book project by the Tübingen district. 4th updated edition. Gomaringer Verlag et al., Gomaringen et al. 2006, ISBN 3-926969-25-3 .
  • Klaus Schreiner: "Loot from armories and armories of the spirit. Tübingen library losses in the Thirty Years War . In: Gerd Brinkhus et al .: A city of books. Tübingen 1498-1998 , Universitätsstadt Tübingen, Tübingen 1998 (Tübingen catalogs, volume 50), p. 77-130, ISBN 3-910090-25-7 .
  • Ernst Seidl (Ed.): Treasures from the Hohentübingen Castle. Selected objects from the collections of the Museum of the University of Tübingen MUT (= Writings of the Museum of the University of Tübingen MUT. Vol. 1). Museum of the University of Tübingen MUT, Tübingen 2012, ISBN 978-3-9812736-4-9 .
  • Michael Weiß: The Tübingen Castle. From war festivals to cultural buildings. Schwäbisches Tagblatt publishing house, Tübingen 1996, ISBN 3-928011-20-0 .
  • Eckart Hartmann: The castle in Tübingen. Refurbishment of the south and west wing . In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg , 15th year 1986, issue 3, pp. 93-101. ( PDF )
  • Ernst Seidl (Ed.): Treasures of Hohentübingen Castle (= writings of the Museum of the University of Tübingen MUT. Vol. 7, engl.). Museum of the University of Tübingen MUT, Tübingen 2014, ISBN 978-3-9816616-3-7 .
  • Jürgen Kost: The Tübinge Castle Observatory. A unique ensemble , Museum of the University of Tübingen MUT, Tübingen 2018 (Small Monographs of the MUT, Volume 9), ISBN 978-3-9819182-2-9 .

Web links

Commons : Schloss Hohentübingen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ L. Schmid: History of the Count Palatine of Tübingen. According to mostly unprinted sources. In addition to the document book. A contribution to Swabian and German history. Fues, Tübingen 1853.
  2. ↑ Weiß 1996, p. 15.
  3. ↑ Sydow 1980, p. 26.

Coordinates: 48 ° 31 ′ 10 ″  N , 9 ° 3 ′ 2 ″  E