Achalm (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the Counts of Achalm, later designed in the Zwiefalten monastery around 1120 for its donors

The Counts of Achalm or Achalmer were a noble family of Swabian counts who worked from their ancestral seat at Achalm Castle near Reutlingen ( Baden-Württemberg ) in the 11th century .

Your name and title are derived from the Achalm mountain . They were related to the tribes of the Counts of Urach and are generally referred to as the cohesive family of the Achalm-Urach .

While the Achalm line went out in 1098 after only two generations, a Urach line flowed into the Fürstenberg dynasty .

history

View of the Achalm , a witness mountain in front of the Alb eaves
Reconstructed keep of Achalm Castle
Title of the Bempflingen contract
Donated by Achalmern: Zwiefalten Monastery (1826)

In the first half of the 11th century two brothers appeared in the Swiggerstal (today's Ermstal ), Egino I von Dettingen and Rudolf von Achalm, whose origin is not documented. Both owned property in Swabia , Zurichgau and Thurgau .

Due to the tradition of ownership and the frequency of names, older depictions assume a descendant of the Unruoching family . More recent representations suggest an origin from the East Franconian area. Both could be linked by a descent of the brothers from an Egino with origins from Eastern Franconia and the king's daughter Mathilde. Mathilde is a daughter of King Konrad of Burgundy and thus the granddaughter of Berta von Swabia . The latter is in turn a descendant of the Unruochingen, through her great-great-grandfather Eberhard von Friuli .

The older brother Egino, a supporter of the Salian emperors, began to build Achalm Castle around 1040 , which was completed by the younger Rudolf after his death.

With Rudolf's marriage to Adelheid von Wülflingen , a daughter of Count Liutold von Mömpelgard and sister of Archbishop Hunfried von Ravenna , the Achalm area expanded to include the County of Mömpelgard and property in Thurgau . Rudolf and Adelheid had ten children.

Rudolf's two heirs - Kuno and Liutold - jointly administered their property as Counts of Achalm. Later (1086) Kuno named himself "von Wülflingen" after the Alt-Wülflingen castle, which his mother had brought into the family and where he died on October 16, 1092. He held 1055/56 on behalf of Emperor Heinrich III. (HRR) the Regensburg Bishop Gebhard III. trapped in his castle.

Liutold remained childless and Kuno had no legitimate offspring. Therefore, both donated a large part of their property to the Zwiefalten monastery , where Liutold last lived as a monk and then died on August 18, 1098 after turning his back on the world in 1092, suffering from gout as he was. Both were buried in the Zwiefalten monastery. Other possessions, including Achalm Castle, fell to her nephew Werner IV von Grüningen as a result of the Bempflingen Treaty , who, however, died without a male heir. The Reichssturmfähnrichsamt, which had been exercised by four Werners, who called themselves Counts von Grüningen, fell to the Lords of Württemberg.

After the Achalmers disappeared, the Achalm castle and county passed into the possession of relatives of the Zähringer , the Gammertinger and Neuffen-Sulmetinger , the latter including a great-grandson of Egino I von Dettingen: Berthold I von Weissenhorn-Neuffen, 1170/82 Count of Achalm.

Tribe list

  1. Egino I von Dettingen , the elder († around 1050, buried in Strasbourg ), Count of Achalm and Urach, began to build Achalm Castle around 1040.
    His descendants were the Counts of Urach
  2. Rudolf I von Achalm († September 24th ----, buried in Dettingen , later reburied in the Zwiefalten monastery ), Count of Achalm, completed the construction of the Achalm
    ∞ Adelheid von Wülflingen († August 29, 1065), daughter of the count Liutold von Mömpelgard , sister of Archbishop Hunfried von Ravenna
    1. Kuno von Achalm (* around 1025/30; † October 16, 1092), Count of Achalm, from 1086 Count of Wülflingen.
      Illegitimate children with Berta:
      1. Liutold
      2. Marquard
      3. Theodoric von Achalm († August 2, 1116), abbot of Petershausen from 1086
    2. Mathilde von Achalm, heiress of the County of Wülflingen * 1030 & Cuno [Conrad] von Habsburg (1040 - September 21, 1091)
    3. Liutold von Achalm († August 18, 1098), appears for the first time in 1075 as Count of Achalm. Monk
      line Achalm ends. See Count of Urach
    4. Egino von Achalm († November 14, 1077), Count of Achalm
      ∞ Sophie
    5. Rudolf († 1061 or later)
    6. Hunfried († as a child, buried in Dettingen , later reburied in Zwiefalten Monastery )
    7. Berengar († as a child, buried in Dettingen , later reburied in Zwiefalten Monastery )
    8. Werner II. Von Achalm (* around 1048; † November 14, 1079), 1065-1079 Bishop of Strasbourg
    9. Willebirg von Achalm (* 1028 † after 1053)
      ∞ Werner III. von Grüningen († February 24, 1065, killed as Reichssturmfähnrich at the Battle of Ingelheim)
      1. Werner IV von Grüningen († February 22, 1121)
        Achalm fell to the Gammertingen family after Werner's death, ie to the Lords of Würtermberg
    10. Mathilde von Achalm († September 30, 1092/94), Mechthild von Horburg, Countess of Lechsgemünd
      ∞ Kuno I. von Lechsgemünd († 1092/94), Count of Lechsgemünd
      1. Adelheid von Frontenhausen (* before 1078; † between 1104/1105 and no later than 1111/1112)
    11. Beatrix von Achalm, Abbess of Eschau

Note: The limited sources for this time are limited to notes in Ortliebi Zwifaltensis Chronicon I.1, I.5, I.8, I.14, I.17; Bertholdi Zwifaltensis Chronicon 1, 18; Casus Monasterii Petrishusensis 3.3; Notæ Zwifaltenses ; Necrologium Zwifaltense .

literature

  • Heinz Bühler: Nobility, monasteries and lords of the castle in the old Duchy of Swabia. Collected essays . Anton H. Konrad Verlag, 1997.
  • Eduard Hlawitschka: Investigations on the change of throne in the first half of the 11th century and on the aristocratic history of southern Germany. At the same time clarifying research on "Kuno von Öhningen" . Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen 1987, p. 104, 118, 169 .
  • Ortliebi Zwifaltensis Chronicon . In: Georg Heinrich Pertz u. a. (Ed.): Scriptores (in Folio) 10: Annales et chronica aevi Salici. Vitae aevi Carolini et Saxonici. Hanover 1852, pp. 64–92 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version ) 0
  • Stefan Schipperges: The Bempflinger contract of 1089/90 . Esslingen am Neckar 1990.
  • Karl Schmid: Prayer Remembrance and Noble Self-Image in the Middle Ages. Selected contributions . Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen 1983, p. 209-210, 218, 220 .
  • Johannes Christophorus Schmidlin: Attempt a short history of the former Counts of Urach and Achalm . In: Contributions to the history of the Duchy of Wirtenberg , Volume 1. Mezler, Stuttgart 1780, pp. 109–196 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  • Detlef Schwennicke: European family tables. Family tables on the history of the European states. New episode Volume XII, Swabia . Verlag von JA Stargardt, Marburg 1984, plate 77A.
  • Andreas Thiele: Narrative genealogical family tables for European history Volume I, Part volume 2: German Emperor, King, Duke and Count houses II, RG Fischer Verlag 1994, Plate 271
  • Liutpold Wallach, Erich König and Karl Otto Müller: Swabian Chronicles of the Staufer Period . Bertholdi Zwifaltensis Chronicon. Ed .: Commission for historical regional studies in Baden-Württemberg. tape 2 . Sigmaringen 1978.
  • Achalm. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 1, Leipzig 1732, column 312.

Web links

Commons : Achalm  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ HANS-DIETER LEHMANN: From “Unruoch proavus Liutoldi comitis” to “Dux occupavit Furstenberc” - The Urach Eginones and their relationships with the Zollern. In: Writings of the Association for History and Natural History of the Baar55. Volume 2012. Retrieved April 13, 2020 .