County of Lechsgemünd-Graisbach

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The coat of arms of Berthold II of Lechsgemünd; in almost unchanged form today the coat of arms of the community of Marxheim
Marxheim coat of arms

The Counts of Lechsgemünd were a powerful Franconian-Bavarian noble family in the Middle Ages , which originally had its seat at Lechsend Castle (Lechsgemünd), which was located near the mouth of the Lech . One kilometer northeast of it they owned the Danube bridge in Marxheim . Because of a customs dispute with Regensburg concerning them, Lechsend Castle was destroyed in 1248 and the counts moved to Graisbach Castle . Marxheim remained the center of the Sualafeldgau ruled by the counts. In the 11th and 12th centuries, the Lechsgemünder founded several monasteries and inherited areas in the Alpine region. You are in 1327 with the Eichstätter Bishop Gebhard III. von Graisbach extinguished.

History of the Count's Family

The origins of gender cannot be precisely determined. Some sources suggest that it was founded in the 11th century by Kuno I († 1092), who himself was the son of Heinrich II, the Count on the Pegnitz. Kuno, however, had not yet held the rank of count. Whether there was actually a genealogical connection between Kuno and the Lechsgemünder sex is disputed. There is also evidence of a Heinrich (I) von Lechsgemünd , who died in 1078; However, there is no evidence of ancestors and descendants. The first evidence of Lechsgemünd Castle as the ancestral seat of the noble family also comes from his time.

In 1035, Leodegar von Lechsgmünd donated the St. Walburg monastery in Eichstätt. Parchment painting around 1360
The high grave of the founder, Count Heinrich II von Lechsgemünd, in the nave of the Kaisheim monastery church

The Counts of Lechsgemünd were loyal supporters of the Staufer emperors throughout the family history . In 1035 a Leodegar is mentioned in a document as a Gaugraf in Sualafeldgau . Whether and how this Leodegar may be counted among the Lechsgemünders cannot be proven. He donated the St. Walburg monastery in Eichstätt in 1035 .

The counts were at the height of their power in the 11th and 12th centuries, when they not only commanded the Sualafeldgau but also possessions in the Alpine region. Countess Willibirg von Treffen (from the family of the Counts of Veringen ) probably brought these possessions into her marriage to Heinrich von Lechsgemünd. In the 12th century, the Counts of Lechsgemünd also administered the Oberpinzgau as a fiefdom from the Duchy of Bavaria and founded Mittersill Castle and Lengberg Castle (both sold to the Archbishop of Salzburg in 1207, together with Matrei in East Tyrol and the Weißenstein Castle there ). .

In 1133 the Kaisheim monastery was founded by Count Heinrich II von Lechsgemünd ; however, Heinrich's descent is not known for certain. In 1240/41 Berthold / Berchtold III founded von Lechsgemünd in Niederschönenfeld the Cistercian convent , which today houses a correctional facility . In 1248 he had a customs post built on the Marxheim bridge over the Danube . However, the Regensburg merchants did not agree to the customs duties and had Lechsend Castle destroyed, whereupon the count family moved to the neighboring Graisbach . The Marxheim castle was not rebuilt. From that time on they called themselves Counts of Lechsgemünd-Graisbach.

In 1327 the last male descendant of the Lechsgemünd family died with Gebhard III. von Graisbach as Bishop of Eichstätt . Already in 1324 with Berthold III. von Graisbach the last secular male representative of the sex died. In 1342 the entire property of the Counts of Lechsgemünd fell to the Wittelsbach family . The burial place of the count's house and some ministerial families was the Kaisheim monastery .

Graisbach's inheritance was given to the barons of Hacke from 1753 , due to the refusal of the office by the Count Palatine near Rhine . Their official property was the Schweinspoint located in the county , which was raised to rule in 1629 .

Ministerial and court offices

From their castles , the Counts of Lechsgemünd-Graisbach commanded an unusually large number of ministerials and aristocratic servants ( Möhren , Otting , Fünfstetten , Burgheim , Hütting , Straß and others).

The four count's court offices had called tubers of goose home as Erbkämmerer , the Knights of Graisbach and Altisheim as Erbtruchsesse , the nobles of Schweinspoint as Erbschenken and the gentlemen of miles Hart as Erbmarschälle held.

Coat of arms and seal

The coat of arms of the Lechsgemünder shows a soaring panther to the right. It is well preserved as a seal, for example, on a certificate from Count Heinrich IV. Von Lechsgemünd-Matrei from 1197 (with the legend + HENRICVS · COMES · DE · LEHSGEMVNDE ).

swell

literature

  • Lexicon von Baiern I, Ulm 1796 in the publishing house of the Stettinische Buchhandlung, pp. 709–710 → Graisbach
  • Lexicon von Baiern II, Ulm 1796 published by the Stettinische Buchhandlung Verlag, p. 172 → Lechsgemünd
  • Johann Adam Graf von Reisach: History of the Counts of Lechsmund and Graisbach , Munich 1813 → digitized
  • Hermann Hoffmann ( arrangement ): The documents of the Reichsstiftes Kaisheim 1135–1287 (= Swabian Research Association at the Commission for Bavarian State History, Series 2a, Vol. 11), Augsburg 1972.
  • Wilhelm Störmer :  Lechsgemünd, Count of. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-428-00195-8 , p. 32 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Gerhard Köbler : Historical lexicon of the German countries. The German territories from the Middle Ages to the present. 7th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-54986-1 , p. 230 ( limited preview in the Google book search).

Trivia

Roles: Wallhaide, the beautiful huntress, in various shapes; A genius; Herrmann von Tollenstein, Gaugraf and Herr auf Lechsgmund and Greisbach; Kunigilde von Luppburg, widow, his fiancee; Razo von Meikenhart, Hereditary Marshal of the Count; Popo von Gansheim, Chamberlain of the Count; Udalschalk von Schweinisbuendo, heir to the count; Helmbrecht von Alzheim (blind), inheritance of the count; Theolinde, his daughter; Dietpold von Eichen, called the striker, his foster son; Hanns Dampf, Diepold's squire; Wolf, Burgvogt; Gumpold, squire on Alzheimer's; Rüdiger, squire on Alzheimer's; Käthi, maiden there; Wasserhinz, host of Kaisersheim; Trude, his daughter; Korbinian Stier, Methschenk in Donauwörth, her bridegroom; Veit, a farmer; u. a.

Web links

Commons : Haus Lechsgemünd-Graisbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Doris Pfister: Lechsgemünd-Graisbach, Counts of , Historisches Lexikon Bayerns from May 15, 2012; Accessed April 20, 2019
  2. ^ Lechsgemünd Castle , Manfred Hiebl, 2011
  3. ↑ Historical Lexicon of Bavaria
  4. ↑ Leodegar in the Saint Lexicon , accessed on January 27, 2013
  5. ^ Karl August Muffat : The Counts of Treffen in Carinthia as a branch of the Alemannic dynasty of the Counts of Veringen-Alshausen. Munich 1855. In: Bavarian Academy of Sciences (Munich) / Historical class: Treatises of the historical class of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences. 7th Volume, 3rd Division, pp. 545-600. [1]
  6. ↑ Lexikon von Baiern I, Ulm 1796 in Verlag der Stettinische Buchhandlung, pp. 709–710.
  7. ↑ On a document in the Vienna House, Court and State Archives , s. Martin Bitschnau , Hannes Obermair : Tiroler Urkundenbuch, II. Department: The documents on the history of the Inn, Eisack and Pustertal valleys. Volume 2: 1140-1200 . Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2012, ISBN 978-3-7030-0485-8 , p. 403-404, No. 913 .
  8. ↑ The original documents from this book are in the Augsburg State Archives under the sign. KU Reichsstift Kaisheim .