Schenk (title of nobility)

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Schenk or Schenck ( Latin pincerna ), also cupbearer , was originally a Germanic court office and, among other things, was associated with the supervision of the courtly wine cellars and vineyards . In the Middle Ages, ministerials were often entrusted with this office and rose to the nobility. Since the end of the Middle Ages, however , this inheritance was not associated with any function. The domicile of a tavern was usually a small castle with associated land.

history

When the Saxon Duke Heinrich I was elected King of Eastern Franconia in Fritzlar on May 12th, 919, the imperial chambers of the empire appear for the first time at the subsequent coronation meal in the Palatinate : Arch- Marshal , Arch- Truchseß , Arch- Chamberlain and Arch -Cupbearer . Erztruchseß were from Waldburg , Erbschenk from Limpurg , Erbmarschall from Pappenheim and Erbkämmerer from Bolanden-Falkenstein . Like many offices, these too developed from a service position to a purely honorary title. Only in the coronations of kings and emperors did the offices play a role for a long time. In the Golden Bull of 1356, the seven most powerful princes of the empire, the King of Bohemia, the Archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologne, the Count Palatine on the Rhine, the Duke of Saxony and the Margrave of Brandenburg are elevated to the status of elector and the hierarchy of the elector set. The imperial ore offices now pass to the electors.

The gift families

As a rule, the gift families derive their name from the court office. The following families usually add the head office or their origin to the distinction behind the gift title.

The gift office of the Mark Brandenburg was held by the Schenk von Lützendorf family as hereditary court office from around 1351 until it died out (around 1615) . The von Lützendorf probably came to the Mark Brandenburg with the Bavarian margraves (Ludwig the Roman). The last of this tribe was Daniel Erbschenk from Lützendorf on Klein Schwechten / Altmark. From 1616 the inheritance office of the Mark Brandenburg went to the von Hake family (Daniel's mother was Emerentia von Hake).

The noble family of the Stauffenberg taverns were the cupbearers of the Counts of Zollern in the 13th century . The Amerdinger line of Schenken von Stauffenberg (in the baron class since 1698 ) was raised to the Bavarian count status in 1874 .

In Hesse there was a hereditary gift giving office until 1918, which the Schenck zu Schweinsberg family had held since 1129. The honorary title of "Erbschenk in Hessen" is still held today by the head of the family. As early as 1241, a knight named Guntramus pincerna (Schenk) with the "Sigillum Pincerne de Svennesberc" is mentioned as a gift from Count Berthold von Ziegenhain , and since 1249 also a gift from Landgravine Sophie von Thuringia .

In Thuringia , Landgrave Ludwig III. the court offices. The four ore offices appear for the first time in a landgrave's document on June 9, 1178: Schenk ( pincerna ), Truchseß ( dapifer ), marshal ( marscalcus ) and chamberlain ( camerarius ).

List of the families with the gift title as part of the family name

  • Schenck (1733 Prussian nobility for Major Bernd Christian Schenck; his grandfather is said to have owned goods in the Palatinate but lost them in the war; the father, a Prussian captain, had laid down the nobility)
  • Schenck (from Wimpfen am Neckar, documented mention since 1557; imperial nobility 1775 for Wolfgang Friedrich Schenck in the Nassau-Orange service)
  • Schenck (1788 Prussian nobility legitimation with his father's coat of arms for Wilhelm Schenck as von Schenck , natural son of Colonel Wilhelm Friedrich Schenck von Flechtingen )
  • Schenck (1869 Prussian name and coat of arms change as von Schenck for Eduard von Peucker , Fideikommissherrn on Flechtingen )
  • Schenk (1764 Imperial Knighthood with Noble von for Franz Joseph Schenk, Upper Austrian Court Chamber Councilor)
  • Schenk (Captain Georg Schenk, veteran of Aspern , was ennobled in Austria in 1821)
  • Schenk (from Gelnhausen in Hesse, Austrian nobility 1844 for Major Franz Schenk, baron status 1879 for son Joseph, President of the Higher Regional Court)
  • Schenk (von Lédecz; cousins ​​Adolf and Adolf Schenk, bankers from Hungary, Austrian ennobled in 1872 and 1883, respectively)
  • Schenk (from Thuringia, 1586 in Weißensee, Prussian nobility 1881 for Lieutenant Colonel Karl Schenk )
  • Schenk (Austrian nobility in 1911 for Major General Alfred Schenk (1863–1952), son of Moriz Schenk, 1863 in Laibach, Carniola)
  • Schenk von Ahrberg (or Arbe), documented in the Nordgau from 1265–1319, belonging to the Imperial Knights' Canton of Altmühl
  • Schenk von Altenburg, documented in the Nordgau from 1303 to 1322
  • Schenk von Alten-Murr, in the 14th century in Nordgau
  • Schenk von Anstad, extinct old Tyrolean noble family
  • Schenck von Apolda → Gifting from Vargula
  • Schenck von und aus der Au, also Schenckenaw and Flügelsperg, old Bavarian noble family, documented from 1300 to 1426
  • Schenck von Bratfelden, old noble family in the Nordgau
  • Schenck von Brisnitz, old noble family of the Margraviate of Meißen, formerly on Brisnitz ( Frauenprießnitz near Camburg or Prießnitz (Naumburg) )
  • Schenk von Buren → Schenck von Landeck
  • Schenck von Burgstad (Johann Schenck von Burgstad, kitchen master of Elector Ernst von Sachsen, received a letter of coat of arms from Emperor Friedrich III in 1465 , which was later accepted as a letter of nobility; expired in 1671)
  • Schenk von Castell (a tribe with the Schenck von Dischingen and Schenck von Schenckenstein)
  • Schenck von Debertzen (Dobirschen), documented Thuringian noble family from 1288 to 1307 with seat in Döbritschen → Schenken von Vargula
  • Schenken von Erbach , inheritance from the Electoral Palatinate, an imperial count since 1532
  • Schenck von Flechtingen , a tribe with the Schenck von Dönstedt , also Schenck von Emersleben, Schenck von Alvensleben, Schenck von Diepen, Schenck von Hasselburg, inheritance of the Halberstadt monastery, also (heir-treasurer and) treasurer of the Kurmark
  • Schenk von Geyern (a tribe with the Schenk von Saalbach and Schenck von Salzburg)
  • Schenk von Habsburg, ministerial of the Habsburgs based on the Habsburg
  • Schenck von Hirschlach
  • Schenck von Hoffstedten
  • Schenck von Kaysersstuhl
  • Schenck von Kevernburg → Gifting from Vargula
  • Schenk von Klingenberg (also Schenk von Prozelten)
  • Schenck von Korbsdorf
  • Schenk von Landeck , inheritance from the Abbey of St. Gallen, also Schenck von Buren (Büren)
  • Schenk von Landsberg , a tribe with the Schenk von Schenkendorf (von Schenckendorff)
  • Schenck von Leutershausen (Lindershausen), noble family in the Eichstädt monastery
  • Limpurg tavern , Reichserbschenk, expired in 1714
  • Gift of Loterheim
  • Gift from Lützendorf
  • Schenck von Lützenburg
  • Schenck von Molau → Gifting from Vargula
  • Schenck von Nebra (Nebere) → Gift of Vargula
  • Schenck von Neydeck (S. von Nydeck, S. von Nydeghen)
  • Schenk von Neindorf , (S. von Neindorp, S. von Niendorp), Braunschweiger Erbschenken
  • Schenk von Nideggen (Neydeck, Nydeck, Nydeghen), inheritance from Jülich
  • Schenken von Osterwitz , inheritance from Carinthia and Styria, expired in 1415
  • Schenck from Quast (also from Quast )
  • Schenken von Reicheneck (also Rheineck, Reineck), old Bavarian aristocratic family, probably the von Königstein family, extinct around 1412
  • Schenck von Riedt, old Styrian noble family
  • Schenk von Rossberg, originally from Tyrol, then Swiss and Franconian noble family
  • Schenck von Saalbach → Schenk von Geyern
  • Schenck von Saaleck → Gift from Vargula
  • Schenck von Saltza, formerly a Hessian noble family, but around 1454 belonged to the Fuldischen feudal court
  • Schenk von Salzburg → Schenk von Geyern
  • Schenk (from Schaffhausen)
  • Schenk von Schmalegg , Staufer ministerial family
  • Schenk von Schenkenberg , a Swiss nobility family. Albrecht I von Schenkenberg , the eldest son of Rudolf von Habsburg , was the first owner of Schenkenberg Castle in Aargau (-> coat of arms by Meinrad Keller : a soaring half eagle above a rafter, as depicted in the Basler Chronik or the Siebmacher, and at the monastery in Alpirsbach can be found - see also the Schenkenburg near Schenkenzell in Württemberg). From him he received the Grafschaft Löwenstein and from then on carried the coat of arms with the striding lion on a mountain as a count. The taverns of Schenkenberg we find also as Schultheiss of Brugg or in space from Vienna . The Tyrolean branch, originally from Switzerland, at Schenkenberg Castle near Völs am Schlern (South Tyrol), inheritance from Brixen Abbey, went out in 1414
  • Schenckendorff (formerly Schenk von Schenkendorf , a tribe with the Schenk von Landsberg ; Niederlausitzer Uradel, which first appeared in a document in 1313 with the appearance of the dominorum nobilium Othtonis et Henrici pincernarum de Schenkendorp )
  • Schenck von Schenckenstein, old baronial family in Swabia, a tribe with the Schenck von Castel
  • Schenk von Schmidtburg , inheritance from Kurtrier
  • Schenck zu Schweinsberg , heir from Hesse
  • Schenck von Schweinespeunt (1074 gen.) → inheritance from Lechsgemünd-Graisbach
  • Gift from Siemau
  • Gift from Siemen
  • Schenck von Sipf (Schipf), a tribe with the Schencken von Limburg
  • Schenck von Springe, old Brunswick noble family
  • Schenck von Stain, in the 14th century in Nordgau
  • Gift from Stauffenberg , inheritance from the Counts of Zollern
  • Schenk von der Steinau, old Silesian noble family
  • Schenck von Sydow, old Upper Saxon family
  • Schenck von Utenbach (S. von Uttenbach)
  • Schenken von Vargula (also: Schenck von Varila ), inheritance taverns of the Landgraves of Thuringia, with the lines of taverns from Apolda, Bedra, Dobritschen, Dornburg, Eckstädt, Frauenprießnitz, Großgöhren , Kevernburg (today Käfernburg), Kölzen, Körbisdorf, Nebra, Molau , Reicheneck (?), Rudelsburg, Rusteberg, Saaleck, Sulza, Tautenburg, Tomschau, Trebra, Utenbach, Vesta, Vitzenburg and Wiedebach
  • Gifting from Vesta (see also Gifting from Vargula)
  • Schenck from Warberg
  • Schenck von Wartenberg (S. von Wartenburg)
  • Schenk von Wartenberg, a tribe with the Bohemian von Waldstein (Wallenstein), inheritance from Bohemia since 1337, expired shortly after 1618
  • Schenck von Wiedebach von Schenck von Winterstaedt (S. von Winterstetten)
  • Gift from Winterstätten, inheritance gift from Swabia
  • Gift of Würzburg

List of families that only have the title of inheritance gift

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Ernst Heinrich Kneschke , Neues Allgemeine Deutsches Adels-Lexicon (digitized version)
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon. Volume XII, Volume 125 of the complete series, Limburg (Lahn) 2001.
  3. ↑ Michael Göbl: The battle of Aspern 1809 in name and coat of arms.
  4. ↑ Schenck von Dönstedt
  5. ↑ In addition to Erbschenk von Halberstadt, only inheritance treasurer of the Kurmark (cf. her ), while the office of treasurer of the Kurmark has been that of Schwerin since 1654 .
  6. ^ Konrad, Schenk von Landeck . In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition. Volume 11, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1907, p.  409 .
  7. ↑ Gender of those v. Schenckendorff , accessed March 4, 2013.
  8. ↑ Kollectaneen-Blatt for the history of Bavaria , Volume 21, p. 153.
  9. ↑ Lexikon von Baiern I, Ulm 1796 in Verlag der Stettinische Buchhandlung, pp. 709–710 → Graisbach
  10. ↑ Des hochlöbl. Swabian and Franconian Crayses complete state and address book , Geißlingen 1768, p. D18.
  11. ^ Johann Jacob Reinhard : Juristic and Historical Small Explanations , Volume 1, p. 84.
  12. ^ A b Ernst Heinrich Kneschke (Ed.): New general German Adels-Lexicon , Volume 4, Voigt, Leipzig 1863, p. 48 and p. 599.
  13. ^ Wilhelm Ostermann: Principles of Prussian constitutional law. Dortmund 1841, p. 113.
  14. ↑ Johann Georg Krünitz et al .: Oeconomische Encyclopädie , Volume 142, p. 53.