Johann Jacob Reinhard

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Table I for Reinhard's draft curriculum for secondary schools

Johann Jacob Reinhard (born April 13, 1714 in Diez , † September 6, 1772 in Karlsruhe ) was a Baden-Durlach privy councilor and constitutional lawyer. He was one of the most important advisors to the young Margrave (later Grand Duke) Karl Friedrich von Baden .

Origin and family

Reinhard's father, Jakob, was in the service of the Hessian Landgrave Karl . His mother also came from a Hessian civil servant family. Reinhard married the daughter of the Nassau chancellery Johann Heinrich Archenholz, Sophia Frederika, in Wetzlar in 1743. Two children are known from this connection:

  • Wilhelmine Henriette ⚭ Jacob Friedrich Eberhard
  • Maximilian Wilhelm († May 16, 1812) Baden-Durlach Privy Councilor

The Baden court painter Sophie Reinhard was a granddaughter of Reinhard and her brother Wilhelm Reinhard gained - like his father Maximilian Wilhelm - a high office in the government of the Grand Duchy of Baden , which enabled the Reinhard family to help shape Baden's fortunes for three generations.

Master list (extract)

  • Jakob ⚭ Wilhelmina Philippina Margaretha Dilthey
    • Johann Jacob ⚭ May 30, 1743 Sophia Friederica Archenholtz
      • Maximilian Wilhelm (* December 25, 1748; † May 16, 1812) ⚭ August 19, 1774 Jacobina Margaretha Pastert
        • Sophie Karoline Friederike Petronella
        • Wilhelm Emanuel (September 2, 1776 - November 26, 1858) ⚭ June 26, 1803 Amalia Meier
        • Carl Friedrich (* 1780)
        • Caroline Sophia Friederica (February 17, 1784 - December 20, 1853) ⚭ June 18, 1804 Christoph Jakob Eisenlohr

Life

Reinhard attended the school in Diez and from 1729 the high school in Herborn before he matriculated at the University of Halle in 1731 . He studied a. a. with the legal scholars Justus Henning Böhmer and Johann Lorenz Fleischer . In 1734 he passed the examination as a licentiate in both rights.

In 1734 he entered the service of the Nassau-Dietz family and also worked as a lawyer at the Imperial Court of Justice in Wetzlar . In 1740 he entered the service of the Counts of Wied and a year later in those of the House of Solms . In 1743 he began his service as a councilor for the margraviate of Baden-Durlach for which he initially worked again at the Imperial Court of Justice . The connection was established through the titular margrave Karl Wilhelm Eugen von Baden-Durlach , who was a member of the custodial government of his country for a short time. In 1746 he became a privy councilor to the margraves of Baden-Durlach. Since he belonged to the Reformed Church , he could not take part in the meetings of the privy council until 1754 under the guardianship of the Lutheran margravate. However, he was able to develop a strong position under the Hofrat President Friedrich Johann Emich von Üxküll-Gyllenband and August Johann von Hahn due to his excellent knowledge - especially as a constitutional lawyer - and became one of the most important advisors to the young Margrave Karl Friedrich von Baden-Durlach in 1746 took over his reign.

Reinhard is the author of the Baden-Durlach court court order from 1752, which accelerated and shortened the proceedings. The more efficient legal system led to more legal security in the country. In 1755 he became a privy councilor and in 1759 a real privy councilor.

Reinhard was also one of the pioneers of demographic statistics (soul tables) for the margraviate, which were regulated in decrees in 1763 and 1767.

In 1764 Reinhard participated in the establishment of an economic company in Karlsruhe, which was run by Johann August Schlettwein - Reinhard was not a physiocrat , however .

When negotiating the inheritance contract between the Margraviate of Baden-Durlach and the Margraviate of Baden-Baden (1759 to 1765), he developed the Lachian argumentation and, as the organizer, played a key role in this work, which is important for Baden history. After the reunification of the Baden margraviates in October 1771, Reinhard was only able to follow the implementation of the treaty for a short time, as he died on September 6, 1772.

During Reinhard's studies in Halle, the brothers Johann Julius Hecker and Andreas Petrus Hecker also worked there, who later founded secondary schools as secondary school teachers. It is assumed that Reinhard came into contact with them and dealt with the question of secondary schools. Reinhard himself traces the basic idea of ​​the Realschule back to Christian Thomasius in his essay, published in 1765, "A short draft of a Realschule, in front of places where ordinary schools are already provided" . The essay contains a sketch of a curriculum for a two-year training course in one of the ten specialist classes whose tasks it describes. The foundation of a secondary school (1767) and an architectural drawing school (1768) in Karlsruhe, as well as the drawing schools in Durlach (1768), Pforzheim (1770) and the establishment of corresponding classes in Müllheim and at the pedagogies in Lörrach and Emmendingen can be attributed to his initiative.

His extensive library testifies to Reinhard's diverse scientific interests. The catalog, which was printed for their auction in 1771, comprises 131 pages and contained the main works of political, camera, police and legal studies.

Reinhard is seen by the biographers of the Baden Grand Duke Karl Friedrich as “perhaps the most extensive genius among the civil servants of the first time”

Publications (excerpt)

→ see Wikisource

  • Treatise on the right of succession of their daughters before the Stammsvett *. - 1746
  • Diatriba de iure Imperatoris et Imperii in Rempublicam Genuensem. - 1747
  • Legal and historical small explanations. - 1745-1749
  • New remarks from the fiefdom of the unaffiliated community *. - 1762
  • Rerum Palatinarum ... Scriptorum Vol. .... - 1748
  • Tractatio succincta de iure forestali Germanorum. - 1738
  • Tractatio succincta de iure forestali Germanorum. - 1759
  • Mixed fonts. - 1760-1767
  • Reasonable and legal thoughts […]. - 1743
  • List of books and other items etc. […]. - around 1772

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Jacob Reinhard  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Johann Jacob Reinhard  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Entry by Jacob Friedrich Eberhard at the Hessian Main State Archives; accessed on June 13, 2020
  2. ^ Karl von Wechmar: Handbook for Baden and his servants, Heidelberg 1846, p. 112 digitized version of the BSB Munich
  3. ↑ see also Edwin Fecker: The Grand Ducal Badische Hofmalerin Sophie Reinhard.
  4. ↑ their father: "Dilthey, Johann Eberwein", in: Hessische Biografie < [1] > (as of December 3, 2019)
  5. ↑ see Weidlich p. 22
  6. ↑ It was not until 1821 that the two regional churches were united to form the United Evangelical Protestant Church in the Grand Duchy of Baden.
  7. ↑ see the assessment by the leading constitutional lawyers at the time, Johann Stephan Pütter and Johann Jacob Moser
  8. ↑ Provisional ordinance on the “Abbreviation of the Legal Procedure at Our Princely Court Court” of September 20, 1752. See also Stiefel p. 905
  9. ↑ see Drais
  10. ↑ see boots p. 1233-1234
  11. ↑ Johann Jacob Reinhard: About the Maase of the population in general, and that marginalized Baden countries in particular; along with an introduction to the whole work. In: Johan Jacob Reinhards Marggrävl. Baden-Durlachischen ecclesiastical secret Raths mixed writings, 2nd edition, 1.-14. Piece, Frankfurt and Leipzig, 1765, pp. 1-19 digitized version of the BSB Munich
  12. ↑ see Alfred Krebs: JA Schlettwein, the "German main physiocrat". A contribution to the history of the physiocracy in Germany . Inaugural dissertation from the University of Bern, Verlag Wilhelm Fugmann, Leipzig 1909, p. 15 Internet Archive
  13. ↑ According to Drais, he had the "main ministerial management"
  14. ↑ see Volker Dörfler: Service enterprise school: consequences for educational management. Martin Meidenbauer Verlag, 2007, p. 29
  15. ↑ Johann Jacob Reinhard: A short draft of a secondary school, in front of places where the ordinary schools are already provided. In: Johan Jacob Reinhards Marggrävl. Baden-Durlachischen ecclesiastical secret councils mixed writings, 2nd edition, 7.-15. Piece, Frankfurt and Leipzig, 1765, pp. 149–166 (with five tables) digitized version of the BSB Munich
  16. ↑ see Karl Stiefel : Baden 1648 - 1952. Volume 2, 1st edition, Karlsruhe 1977, p. 1957 ISBN 3-930158-07-8
  17. ↑ see Gerald Maria Landgraf: "Moderate et prudenter" - studies on the enlightened reform policy of Karl Friedrich von Baden (1728-1811) , inaugural dissertation of the University of Regensburg, Landsberg aL 2008, p. 70 footnote 172 online
  18. ↑ see Drais and similar in Friedrich von Weech / Karl Friedrich Nebenius : Karl Friedrich von Baden. Chr. Fr. Müller'sche Hofbuchhandlung, Karlsruhe 1868 p. 202 Google digitized version
personal data
SURNAME Reinhard, Johann Jacob
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Reinhard, Ioannes I .; Reinhard, Iohannes Iacobus; Reinhard, Iohannes Iacobvs; Reinhard, Johan J .; Reinhard, Johan Jacob; Reinhard, Johann J .; Reinhard, Johann Jakob; Reinhard, Johannes Jacobus; Reinhardt, Johann Jacob; Reinhardus, Iohannes I .; Reinhardus, Iohannes Iacobus; Reinhardus, Joannes Jacobus; Reinhardus, Johannes J .; Reinhardus, Johannes Jacobus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Baden-Durlach privy councilor
DATE OF BIRTH April 13, 1714
PLACE OF BIRTH Diez
DATE OF DEATH September 6, 1772
Place of death Karlsruhe