Johann Julius Hecker

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Portrait on the monument on the Schlossinsel, Berlin-Koepenick

The Protestant theologian Johann Julius Hecker (born November 2, 1707 in Werden an der Ruhr (today in Essen ), † June 24, 1768 in Berlin ) is considered the founder of the practice-oriented secondary school and was the founder of the first Prussian teachers' college in 1748. That General school regulations passed in 1763 were mainly drawn up by Hecker.

Life

Hecker grew up in a family of teachers in the Lower Rhine region . The Essen high school director Johann Heinrich Zopf promoted Hecker's interest in studying theology at the Essen city school and inspired him early on for the ideas of Halle Pietism . This reform-oriented direction within Protestantism , of which August Hermann Francke was the main representative with his life's work of the Francke Foundations , looked for new approaches to school and educational pedagogy in a departure from Lutheran orthodoxy .

During his studies of theology, ancient languages, medicine and natural sciences at the University of Halle , Hecker was influenced by Francke himself and by theologians such as Joachim Justus Breithaupt , Abraham Vater and Joachim Lange . In 1729 he was employed as a teacher at the pedagogy in Halle and in 1733 he published textbooks on botany and anatomy .

In 1735 he was appointed preacher , teacher and inspector of the military orphanage in Potsdam and in 1738 he was appointed the first preacher at the Berlin Trinity Church by the pietistic King Friedrich Wilhelm I , who was very fond of Hecker's ideas and supported him in his reform efforts. The call came after the king had witnessed a sermon by Hecker, which he was so impressed by Hecker that he gave him on the way:

Now he is supposed to be the preacher of the newly built Dreifaltigkeitskirche in Berlin, he must, as he did here today, preach the Lord Jesus to the people in Friedrichstadt and take care of the youth, because that is what matters most.

With broad financial support, Johann Julius Hecker was able to buy the abandoned building of the Friedrichstädtisches Gymnasium in Berlin in 1746 and founded a new type of school in 1747 with the Economics and Mathematics Realschule . In 1750 he was appointed senior consistorial councilor. In the following years, he founded a publishing bookstore and a weekly magazine to distribute and promote primarily educational writings and ideas .

Monument on the Schlossinsel , Berlin-Koepenick

The educational reform approach Hecker, in the junior high school for the first time with a school oriented to the future professional practice training to join, had great influence on the educational development in Prussia. Hecker also recognized that this new type of school required specially trained teachers. As early as 1748 he founded a teachers' seminar , from which the Kurmärkisches Landschullehrerseminar emerged in 1753 and which had its seat at Schloss Köpenick , at that time still near Berlin, since 1753 . In the same year a sexton and schoolmaster seminar was attached to the secondary school he founded .

Among other things, Hecker organized internships in craft businesses and factories for his secondary school students . He also had a school garden laid out, which even decades later delighted Hecker's Real student, the writer and publisher Friedrich Nicolai , in his memory. In 1750, the economic newspaper Leipzig Collections reported that a very special institution had been set up for lively instruction in plantation matters. Because you have acquiriret a piece of land to leasehold, and lets youth in Recreationsstunden in fact even show what bey the creation of hedges, the sowing, planting, grafting, Oculieren etc. and particularly the maintenance and planting of mulberry trees for Beware of silk construction.
At that time, silk construction was promoted by Frederick the Great with the aim of being able to satisfy the growing demand for silk as independently of imports as possible .

The General School Regulations of August 12, 1763, which Johann Julius Hecker had prepared on the basis of the Minden-Ravensberger school regulations of 1748 and which were passed five years before his death, formed the basis for the development of the Prussian elementary school system .

After Hecker's death in 1768, his secondary school was transferred to the Royal Friedrich-Wilhelms-Gymnasium .

At the beginning of the third millennium there is a secondary school named after Hecker in Berlin-Marzahn / Hellersdorf , the Johann-Julius-Hecker-Oberschule .

Johann Julius Hecker was honored with a memorial stele in the Köpenick Palace Park , the seat of the first Prussian teachers' college, in 1898 , which is still in the palace park today. In Essen-Werden, Hecker's birthplace, there is also a primary school named after the theologian, the Heckerschule , and also Julius-Hecker-Platz .

family

Johann Julius Hecker was married twice. In 1741 he married Marie Dorothea Muth (1721–1749) in Berlin with whom he had four children, of whom only one daughter survived. After the death of his wife, he married Caroline Wilhelmine Bethmann († 1768) in 1750. He had seven children with her, four of whom died early. The son Johann Christian Nathanael later became a teacher at the Realschule founded by his father and a professor at the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Gymnasium in Berlin. Johann Julius Hecker's brother was Andreas Petrus Hecker .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rancke: The foundation of the Dreifaltigkeitskirche zu Berlin ... , Berlin 1868, Hayns Erben, S. 7. Quoted from Berlinische Monatsschrift 1997 ( see: Weblinks ).
  2. ↑ Leipzig collections of economic, policey, Cammer and financial things, Leipzig bey Carl Ludwig Jacobi, Volume 7, 1751, p. 722. Quoted from Hainer Weißpflug: "On the way to the Thiergarten right hand ..." Berlin's first Schulgarten and its founder Julius Hecker . In: Berlin monthly magazine ( Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein ) . Issue 3, 1997, ISSN  0944-5560 ( luise-berlin.de ).
  3. ^ Carl Ferdinand Ranke: Johann Julius Hecker, the founder of the Königliche Realschule zu Berlin, Berlin 1847, p. 39f
personal data
SURNAME Hecker, Johann Julius
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German educator
DATE OF BIRTH November 2, 1707
PLACE OF BIRTH Become an der Ruhr (today to Essen)
DATE OF DEATH June 24, 1768
Place of death Berlin