Stargard

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Stargard
Stargard coat of arms
Stargard (Poland)
Stargard
Stargard
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : West Pomerania
Powiat : Stargard
Area : 48.00  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 20 '  N , 15 ° 2'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 20 '0 "  N , 15 ° 2' 0"  E
Height : 20 m npm
Residents : 67,795
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 73-110
Telephone code : (+48) 91
License plate : ZST
Economy and Transport
Street : DK 10 Lubieszyn ↔ Płońsk
DK 20 Stargard ↔ Gdynia
Ext. 106 Rzewnowo ↔ Pyrzyce
Rail route : Gdańsk – Stargard
Poznań – Szczecin
Next international airport : Szczecin-Goleniów
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Surface: 48.00 km²
Residents: 67,795
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 1412 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 3214011
Administration (as of 2017)
City President : Rafał Zając
Address:
ul.Rynek Staromiejski 1 73-110 Stargard
Website : www.stargard.pl



Stargard , from 1950 to 2015 Stargard Szczeciński [ ˈstarɡart ʂʈ͡ʂɛˈʨiɲskii ] ( German Stargard in Pomerania ) is a town with the seat of a rural community of the same name in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship and is part of the Agglomeration of Szczecin .

geography

location

Stargard northeast of Madüsees ( Madüe Lake ) on a map of 1905

Stargard is located in Western Pomerania on the northern edge of the fertile Pyritzer Weizackers on the left bank of the Ihna ( Ina ) river, about 35 meters above sea level. Ten kilometers to the west is the 36 square kilometer Madüsee ( Jezioro Miedwie ), the center of the Szczecin Lake District, 32 kilometers to the west is Szczecin .

Stargard by the 15th longitude (meridian) runs, so that here the true time of the Central European time corresponds.

City structure

The city is divided into the following districts:

  • Stare Miasto ( old town )
  • Burzykowo ( Buslar )
  • Giżynek ( Giesenfelde )
  • Kluczewo ( Klützow )
  • Mokrzyca ( New York )
  • Mroczeń ( New Mexico )
  • Osetno ( Stuthof )
  • Przedmieście Barnimowskie ( Louisen Bez. )
  • Przedmieście Poznańskie ( Friedrich Wilhelm Bez. )
  • Przedmieście Szczecińskie ( Szczecin Suburbs )
  • Pszczelnik ( Lindenhof )
  • Słotnica ( Schlötenitz )
  • Zarzecze
  • Żródelnia

In the extreme southwest of the city area lies the Hufenitz desert .

history

1140 to 1800

Stargard on the Lubin map of 1618
View around 1850
Johanniskirche (Protestant until 1945)
The Stargarder town hall
Gothic town house
Eisturm, (also weaver tower or cloth maker tower)

Stargard is one of the oldest Pomeranian cities, a "castrum Stargord" is mentioned as early as 1140 (Slavic stari gord , which means old castle or old town). The location of the Slavic castle has not been determined. In the 8th century, the Slavic settlement of Osetno developed a few kilometers south of today's city center . In their neighborhood, a new village was created by the immigration of German settlers , which, from 1229 onwards, was provided with a defense system with three towers and four gates. The Pomeranian Duke Barnim I granted it Magdeburg city rights in 1243 or 1253 . His successor Bogislaw IV granted the city free shipping over the Ihna to the Baltic Sea in 1294 as compensation for the castle that was destroyed by the Poles.

When in 1295 the Duchy of Pomerania was divided and Stargard came to Pommern-Wolgast, the town was given the town charter that prevailed there . On June 8, 1372 the partition contract of Pomerania-Wolgast by the dukes Wartislaw VI was in Stargard. and Bogislaw VI. closed. Stargard himself had come under the rule of Pomerania-Stettin.

The city, which had developed into an important trading center, had already joined the Hanseatic League in 1363 . The main trade was in grain. This led to disputes with Szczecin, which escalated to such an extent in 1428 that Stargard was attacked and plundered by Szczecin irregulars. The Pomeranian Dukes Bogislaw VIII and his son Bogislaw IX. made Stargard their residence in the first half of the 15th century. In 1524 Johannes Knipstro initiated the Reformation in Stargard . In 1633 the Protestant college Collegium Groeningianum was opened. During the Thirty Years War , the city's prosperity diminished due to alternating occupations and battles between the imperial and the Swedes.

In 1635 large parts of the city were destroyed in a major fire. The Gröning Collegium also burned down. After the Pomeranian ducal house died out, Stargard came to Brandenburg in 1648 through the Peace of Westphalia with Western Pomerania . 33 years after its destruction, the Gröning Collegium was rebuilt under Elector Friedrich Wilhelm and reopened in 1668. Stargard became the capital of Western Pomerania, but had serious disadvantages in trade because of the tariffs that Sweden levied at the confluence of the Ihna in the Oder. In 1657 Stargard was caught between the lines of the Polish-Swedish War , soldiers from both sides marched through the city.

Around 1670 there was an immigration of Huguenots from France . As a result of the population growth, the city grew beyond its medieval core, and the Friedrich-Wilhelm-, Luise- and Jobstvorstadt emerged. The disadvantages of the transition of the capital city function to Stettin after the annexation of Old Western Pomerania by Prussia in 1720 could not be compensated by the now free access to the Oder. In 1791, 5,912 people lived in Stargard, including 243 Jews. The Jewish population in Stargard was around four percent and was on average three times higher than in other cities in Western Pomerania.

1800 until now

During the French occupation of Szczecin from 1806 to 1814, the seat of the Pomeranian government was temporarily moved back to Stargard under Blücher as military governor.

Monument to Kaiser Wilhelm I
(destroyed in 1945)

On the occasion of the reorganization of the territorial administration, the Prussian government elevated Stargard to the district seat of the Saatzig district in the province of Pomerania in 1818 . In 1846 the city was connected to the Stettin – Posen railway, which was completed in 1848, and in 1859 the railway repair shop went into operation. In the summer of 1866, when Stargard had around 16,500 residents, around 500 people died here from the cholera epidemic that broke out in southern and western Europe. To make room for the expanding economy, the city wall was largely demolished in 1869. At the end of the century, a high-performance industry had established itself, which included machine, lacquer and roofing felt plants. In addition, the Provincial Fruit Nursery had established itself. There were monthly cattle and horse markets and once a year a canvas market. At the beginning of the 20th century, Stargard was the seat of a district court and a district administration and had a grammar school, a secondary school and an agricultural winter school. After the population had risen to over 25,000, the city was granted independent status on April 1, 1901, but retained the district office for the Saatzig district.

Around 1930 the city had an area of ​​42.1 km²; There were seven places of residence in the urban area:

  1. Giesenfelde
  2. Lindenhof
  3. Mexico
  4. Stargard i. Pom.
  5. Stuthof
  6. Peat bog
  7. Meadow keeper's house

There were 1,965 residential buildings in all residential areas.

When, after the First World War, many residents of the Prussian provinces West Prussia and Posen , which had been lost to Poland, moved in, Stargard was significantly expanded with new settlements on the periphery during the tenure of Mayor Albert Kolbe .

Until 1945 the city of Stargard belonged to the administrative district of Stettin in the Prussian province of Pomerania of the German Empire .

On October 6, 1944, Stargard (main target airfield) was attacked by 199 US Boeing B-17s ("Flying Fortresses") with 493 tons of bombs.

Towards the end of the Second World War , the city of Stargard was 70 percent destroyed by Soviet bombing between March 1 and 3, 1945 . On March 4, 1945 it was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945 the Soviet Union placed Stargard together with the whole of Western Pomerania under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland . The place name Stargard Szczeciński has now been introduced. In the following period, the gradual immigration of Polish migrants began, some of whom came from areas east of the Curzon Line that had fallen to the Soviet Union and where they had belonged to the Polish minority. The native population of Stargard was driven westward via the Oder by the local Polish administration .

In the post-war period, the city was rebuilt and the main monuments, such as the town hall, were restored. With effect from January 1, 2016, the name of the city was changed back to Stargard .

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year population Remarks
1791 5,912 including 243 Jews
1816 8,156
1867 16,867
1871 17,280 including 16,356 Evangelicals, 339 Catholics, 183 other Christians and 402 Jews
1875 20.173
1880 21,816
1885 22,112
1890 23,785 including 1,222 Catholics and 583 Jews
1905 26,907 with the garrison (a grenadier regiment No. 9), of which 1,387 Catholics and 410 Jews
1910 27,551 thereof 25,623 Evangelicals and 1,136 Catholics
1925 32,545 thereof 30,149 Evangelicals, 960 Catholics and 297 Jews
1933 35,804 of which 34,089 Protestants, 1,041 Catholics, nine other Christians and 251 Jews
1939 37,762 thereof 35,121 Evangelicals, 1,211 Catholics, 365 other Christians and 79 Jews

The city of Stargard covers an area of ​​48 km² with around 70,000 inhabitants today. In addition to the city, this also includes the village of Kluczewo (Klützow) .

economy

A commercial area was set up on a military airfield operated until 1992 . Resident companies include a. the Japanese company Bridgestone and the Finnish company Cargotec .

Religions

The majority of the population of Stargard was Protestant from the Reformation until the end of the war in 1945. At the beginning of the 20th century Stargard had four Protestant churches, a Catholic church and a synagogue .

The Poles who immigrated after the end of the war in 1945 belonged to the Roman Catholic Polish Church.

traffic

In Stargard the cross country roads 10 ( droga krajowa 10 ) of Szczecin by Bydgoszcz and 20 of Stargard to Danzig . Road 10 is a bypass road in the Stargard area as the S10 expressway .

The place is a railway junction. The city's train station is on the Poznań – Szczecin (Posen – Stettin) railway , is the end point of the Gdańsk – Stargard (Danzig – Stargard) railway and was the starting point for the meter-gauge Saatziger small railways .

Attractions

Buildings

Despite the heavy destruction in the Second World War and the subsequent reconstruction, which was limited to the city's landmarks and otherwise destroyed the historic structure of the old town with appropriate block development on a new road network, numerous architectural monuments of the brick Gothic are still reminiscent of the architecture of the old Hanseatic city.

Pyritz Gate
  • The largest church in Pomerania is the parish church of St. Mary , a three-aisled Gothic brick basilica with star vaults.
  • The late Gothic St. John's Church is a three-aisled hall church . After construction began in the 13th century, it received its present form in the 15th century. The foundation stone of the tower was laid in 1408; the tower collapsed in 1697 and was rebuilt by 1699. The tower is decorated with the Stargarder cover and received a new tower helmet in the years 1892-1893, which increased it to 99 m. In the ambulatory there is a cell vault of the chapels that is unique in Pomerania.
  • The neo-Gothic Holy Spirit Church goes back to a predecessor chapel dated to the 14th century.
  • The most important secular building is the Renaissance town hall from the 16th century. Its market facade is occupied by a curved stepped gable filled with rich, Gothic tracery ornamentation. The rest of the appearance, such as the rear volute gable, shows a simpler renaissance. Next to it the baroque old guard . The former Haus zum Protzen from the 15th century, whose four-axis gable already shows volutes, is an important late Gothic building .
  • The well-preserved medieval city ​​fortifications , which can still be seen today on the over one kilometer long city wall as well as the four city gates and the many towers, are worth seeing . The two- tower mill gate is built over the Ihna. The other gates do not have a tower, but the Pyritzer Tor has a Gothic gable and the Walltor a Renaissance gable - the present-day design of the Johannistor , on the other hand, is simple . Further relics of the city fortifications are the two more than 30 meter high, round staggered towers Red Sea and Ice Tower from the 15th and the Weißkopf from the 13th / 14th. Century, which changes from a square plan to a round shape.

Museums

The Museum of Archeology and History is the only museum in Stargard and is located on the Old Town Square.

Former transmission system of the Polish radio

Until 1998 the international service of the Polish radio operated a transmission system for medium wave at 15 ° 7 'east longitude and 53 ° 18' north latitude (transmission frequency: 1503 kHz, transmission power: 300 kW). The two antenna masts of the system have now been dismantled.

politics

City President

At the head of the city administration is the city ​​president . Since 2017, when he was elected to succeed the late long-time incumbent Sławomir Pajor, this has been Rafał Zając, who has his own electoral committee supported by the Stargard XXI Association, the Stargard County League, Nowoczesna and "Solidarność" West Pomerania , starts. The regular election in October 2018 led to the following results:

  • Rafał Zając (Election Committee Rafał Zając) 82.4% of the vote
  • Krzysztof Kozłowski ( Prawo i Sprawiedliwość ) 11.6% of the vote
  • Edyta Domińczak (Election Committee “Edyta Domińczak - Independent”) 4.1% of the vote
  • Wojciech Seredyński (Election Committee “Left Association - Our Stargard”) 1.9% of the vote

Zając was thus re-elected for a further term in the first ballot.

City council

The city council has 23 members who are directly elected. The election in October 2018 led to the following result:

  • Election Committee Rafał Zając 61.1% of the vote, 17 seats
  • Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (PiS) 20.6% of the vote, 4 seats
  • Election committee "Left Association - Our Stargard" 9.8% of the votes, 1 seat
  • Election committee "Edyta Domińczak - non-party" 8.5% of the vote, 1 seat


Town twinning

Stargard is a member of the Neue Hanse .

Personalities

Honorary citizen

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities who have worked in the city

Gmina Stargard

Adjacent rural community, see main article Gmina Stargard

literature

swell
  • Barnim ID Slav. grant the new town of Stargard the first privilege, give it 150. Hufen, the Ihna-Strohm into the sea, Magdeburg law, free wood in the Princely Heyde etc. In: Friedrich von Dreger : Codex Pomeraniae diplomaticus. Volume I except for the year 1269 including Haude and Spener, Berlin 1768, pp. 240–142, no. CLVII.
Monographs and treatises
  • Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Vor and Hinter Pomerania . Part II, Volume 1: Description of the court district of the Royal. State colleges in Stettin belonging to the Eastern Pomeranian districts . Stettin 1784, pp. 170-207.
  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania - description of the conditions of this country in the second half of the 19th century . Part II, Volume 4: Saatziger Kreis, especially Stadt Stargard , Anklam 1867, pp. 96-314 , pp. 620-814 and pp. 815-836.
  • Paul Schulz (ed.): The Saatzig district and the independent city of Stargard - A Pomeranian homeland book . Rautenberg, Leer 1984.
  • F. Böhmer: History of the city of Stargard i. Pom. , Volume I, Stargard i. Pom. 1903.
  • Johannes Hinz: Pomerania. Signpost through an unforgettable country . Bechtermünz, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-86047-181-3 .
  • Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania - outline of their history, mostly according to documents . Berlin 1865, pp. 355-375 ( online ).
  • Gottlieb Christian Teske : History of the city of Stargard . Stargard 1843 ( full text ).
  • Christian Schöttgen : The preludes of the Stargardian Reformation are testimonies to the truth, which are recognized by some in the midst of papacy and are brought to light, from the documents of the Stargardian church history, on the occasion of the other peculiar jubilee festival, which took place on 26 Decembr. Celebrated in 1724, searched together, and brought to light for the glory of the holy God, also some building of his churches . Stargard 1724 ( e-copy ).
  • Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Province of Pomerania - district of Stargard. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  • Gunthard Stübs, Pomeranian Research Association: The Stargard district in the former province of Pomerania . (2011).

Web links

Commons : Stargard  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Stargard  Travel Guide
Wikisource: Stargard in the Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Johannes Hinz : Pomerania. Lexicon: geography, history, culture. Bechtermünz, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-86047-185-6 , p. 291.
  3. ↑ On the question of the dating of the town charter see Klaus Conrad (edit.): Pommersches Urkundenbuch . Volume 1. 2nd edition. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne and Vienna 1970, pp. 684–687.
  4. ↑ Christian Friedrich Wutstrack (Ed.): Addendum to the short historical-geographical-statistical description of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Stettin 1795, pp. 167-173 .
  5. ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann (ed.): Detailed description of the current state of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Part II, Volume 1, Stettin 1784, pp. 170-207 .
  6. ↑ See overview table in Wutstrack (1793), loc. cit. , on p. 736.
  7. ^ Adolf Ludwig Friedrich Goeden: Report on the cholera epidemic in Stettin in 1866 (47 pages), Stettin 1867, pp. 41–42 .
  8. ↑ a b c Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon. 6th edition, 18th volume, Vienna and Leipzig 1909, p. 857.
  9. ↑ a b Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association: The city of Stargard i. Pom. in the former town of Stargard in Pomerania (2011).
  10. ^ Roger A. Freeman: Mighty Eighth War Diary . JANE's. London, New York, Sydney. 1981. p. 360. ISBN 0 7106 0038 0
  11. ↑ https://www.premier.gov.pl/wydarzenia/decyzje-rzadu/rozporzadzenie-w-sprawie-ustalenia-granic-niektorych-miast-nadania.html
  12. ↑ Christian Friedrich Wutstrack (ed.): Brief historical-geographical-statistical description of the royal Prussian duchy of Western and Western Pomerania. Stettin 1793, overview table on p. 737.
  13. ↑ Local directory of the government district of Stettin according to the new district division from 1817 together with an alphabetical register . Szczecin 1817, IX. Saatziger Kreis , No. 4).
  14. ↑ a b Royal Prussian Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Pomerania and their population . Berlin 1874, pp. 44–45, No. 4.
  15. ↑ a b c d e f g Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. stargard.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  16. ^ State Statistical Office (ed.): Community encyclopedia for the Free State of Prussia. Pomeranian Province. According to the final result of the census of June 16, 1925 and other official sources based on the territorial status of October 1, 1932. Berlin 1932, p. XXVIII.
  17. ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Vor and Hinter Pomerania . Part II, Volume 1: Description of the court district of the Royal. State colleges in Stettin belonging to the Eastern Pomeranian districts . Stettin 1784, pp. 174-175.
  18. ↑ "Trzy osoby powalczą o prezydenturę w Stargardzie" on stargard.naszemiasto.pl, accessed on August 26, 2020.
  19. ↑ Result on the website of the election commission, accessed on August 26, 2020.
  20. ↑ Result on the website of the election commission, accessed on August 26, 2020.
  21. ^ Karlheinz Spielmann: Honorary Citizen and Honors Past and Present. A documentation on German and Central European history. 3rd, significantly changed edition. Self-published, Dortmund 1967, Volume 2, p. 885, there also Bismarck, Hindenburg and Havenstein.
  22. ↑ Erich Faul (ed.): Landsmannschaft Scottland zu Tübingen - List of all federal brothers 1849-1959, Stuttgart 1969.