Pyrzyce

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pyrzyce
POL Pyrzyce COA 1.svg
Pyrzyce (Poland)
Pyrzyce
Pyrzyce
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : West Pomerania
Powiat : Pyrzyce
Gmina : Gmina Pyrzyce
Area : 38.79  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 9 '  N , 14 ° 54'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 8 '35 "  N , 14 ° 53' 35"  E
Height : 44 m npm
Residents :
Postal code : 74-200
Telephone code : (+48) 91
License plate : ZPY
Economy and Transport
Street : DK 3 Świnoujście ↔ Jakuszyce
Ext. 106 Rzewnowo ↔ Pyrzyce
Ext. 122 Krajnik Dolny ↔ Piasecznik
Next international airport : Szczecin-Goleniów



Pyrzyce ( German Pyritz ) is a small town in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship and seat of the town and country municipality of the same name Gmina Pyrzyce . The city with 13,000 inhabitants is also the county seat of the Powiat Pyrzycki .

Geographical location

Pyritz southeast of Szczecin on a map from 1905

The city is located in the central south of Pomerania, near the old border with Brandenburg in Hinterpommern , and belongs to the catchment area of Szczecin , which is only 48 kilometers to the north. Other neighboring cities include Stargard ( Stargard in Pomerania ) in the northeast and Gorzów Wielkopolski ( Landsberg an der Warthe ) in the south.

The city is surrounded on three sides by wetlands.

history

Pyritz on the Lubin map of 1618.
Pyritz market around 1890.
Moritzkirche (Protestant until 1945)
Part of the medieval city wall
Holy source - St. Otto von Bamberg fountain

The first historical mention of Pyritz is based on Bishop Otto von Bamberg . In 1125 he baptized the first Pomeranians there. The oldest church in Pyritz was already there in 1250, the Augustinian monastery was mentioned in 1256 and the Franciscan monastery in 1281 . In 1263, Pyritz was granted Magdeburg city rights. With the Treaty of Pyritz of March 26, 1493, with which Pomerania had to recognize Brandenburg's right of succession, the city moved into the light of supra-regional interest. A major fire destroyed almost the entire city in 1496, a similar catastrophe occurred exactly a hundred years later, and Pyritz was again the victim of a conflagration in 1634 during the Thirty Years' War . In the middle of the 18th century, parts of the fortifications that already existed around 1300 (see below) were removed and replaced by plantings from which promenades later developed.

From 1848 Pyritz was the seat of the District Office for the district of Pyritz . With the fortification of the roads to Stettin in 1850 and to Küstrin in 1856 and the railway connection in 1882, Pyritz also took part in the economic boom of this era. In 1863 a gas works went into operation, in 1898 a slaughterhouse was built and in 1900 a privately operated waterworks was built, which was sold to the city in 1913. At the beginning of the 20th century Pyritz had two Protestant churches (including the large Moritzkirche , which was restored from 1851–53 ), a synagogue , a grammar school, a Protestant school teacher seminar, a fräuleinstift, a district court and was an industrial site.

At the beginning of the 1930s, the district of the city of Pyritz had an area of ​​30.9 km², and there were a total of 826 houses in six different places of residence in the municipality:

  1. Augustenhof
  2. Gädtke's brickworks
  3. Karlshof
  4. Pyritz
  5. Waterworks
  6. Klaustein brickworks

In 1925, 9,069 inhabitants were counted, which were distributed over 2,648 households.

The growing importance of the city can be seen in the steadily increasing number of inhabitants: While only 4,100 people lived in the city in 1830, a hundred years later there were around 9,000 inhabitants, and the last survey in 1936 indicated a population of 10,800.

Until 1945 the city of Pyritz belonged to the district of Pyritz in the administrative district of Stettin in the Pomerania province .

Towards the end of the Second World War, Pyritz moved into the focus of war reports at the end of January 1945, because at that time the German-Soviet war front was running along the city limits and fierce fighting was taking place. At the end of February 1945 the Red Army occupied Pyritz. She placed the place under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland . This renamed it Pyrzyce , expelled the inhabitants and settled it with Poles in their place .

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1740 2,095
1782 2.122 including 77 Jews
1791 2,323 72 of them Jews
1794 2,325 72 of them Jews
1812 2,855 including 18 Catholics and 20 Jews
1816 3.126 including 28 Catholics and 80 Jews
1831 4.151 including 31 Catholics and 203 Jews
1843 4,704 42 Catholics and 203 Jews
1852 5,795 including 30 Catholics and 213 Jews
1861 6,501 including 23 Catholics and 209 Jews
1875 7,442
1880 8,123
1890 8,247 including 79 Catholics and 263 Jews
1905 approx. 8,600 mostly evangelicals
1925 9,085 thereof 8,655 Protestants, 130 Catholics and 88 Jews
1933 10,084 of which 9,739 Protestants, 178 Catholics and 87 Jews
1939 11,287 including 10,515 Evangelicals, 270 Catholics and 27 Jews

Attractions

The city was surrounded by defensive walls with defense towers , some of which are still preserved today. These are brick buildings with a foundation made of field stones . This city ​​fortification was built in four stages:

  • until 1301: construction of the wall ring with watchtowers and gates
  • Middle of the 14th century: conversion of two gates to gates and three watchtowers to defensive towers
  • 15th century: Construction of three more defensive towers, wall construction
  • 16th century: Expansion of the fortifications, completion of the work

In the final stage, the fortification had a length of 2250 meters and consisted of a defensive wall with a height of between seven and nine meters, two gates, 44 watchtowers, eight overhanging watchtowers and six defensive towers. The fortification also included a double wall system and fortress moats up to 25 meters wide, which could be flooded from four artificial lakes via lock systems.

The town fire of 1634 broke out in the Hammey , a town gate in the shape of a gate. The Hammey was probably not rebuilt afterwards; in any case, it is missing from the 1723 city map.

The parts of the complex still preserved today are (clockwise from the north): Brama Szczecińska (Stettiner Tor), Baszta Pijacka (Drinking Tower), Baszta Śpiącej Królewny, Baszta Mnisza, Brama Bańska (Bahner Tor), Mury i Czatownie, Baszta Prochowa, Baszta Prochowa Lodowa (ice tower) and Baszta Sowia. Many of the buildings were damaged or destroyed in the Second World War , and the fortifications were preserved through extensive renovations.

Until it was destroyed during the fighting in 1945, the town of Pyritz was nicknamed Pommersches Rothenburg. The name Rothenburg ob der Tauber is still transferred today to places whose medieval town centers and townscapes have survived to our times.

traffic

The station was Pyrzyce hub of the railway line Stargard Szczeciński-Godków , the railway Pyrzyce-Głazów and the routes of the former Pyritz tracks .

politics

coat of arms

Blazon : "In silver, an open, blue city gate, lined with two tin towers, above which the red griffin hovers striding, in the archway hovers a red rose with a golden slug."

The main seal is only known from an uncertain drawing. The Secretvm Bvrgensivm in Piriz from the 14th century is remarkable because four towers, fan-shaped from the lower edge, rise at an angle, the first three of which show battlements, but the left corner tower is pointed, and the griffin strides over the front three. The rose, which was the mintmark, is still missing from this seal, but has always appeared in the gate since the seal dated 1543.

Town twinning

Personalities

Honorary citizen

sons and daughters of the town

Other personalities associated with the city

  • Eugen Lasch (1870–1911), German musician and composer, teacher from 1904 to 1911, organist of the Mauritius Church and city music director
  • Arnold Koeppen (1875–1940), German teacher and writer, from 1903 to 1930 Vice Rector of the Lyceum

gallery

  • The Bahner Tor (Brama Banska) in the south of the fortification

  • Part of the defensive wall and the Baszta Sowia in the north of the fortification

  • Overview of the remaining parts of the fortification

  • town hall

literature

  • Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Vor and Hinter Pomerania . Part II, Volume 1: Description of the court district of the Royal. State colleges in Stettin belonging to the Eastern Pomeranian districts . Stettin 1784, pp. 86-97.
  • Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania - an outline of their history, mostly according to documents . Berlin 1865, pp. 311-319 ( full text ).
  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . Part II, Volume 3, Anklam 1868, pp. 489-572 ( full text )
  • Immanuel Meyer-Pyritz: Pyritz - the face of the seven hundred year old city . In: Baltic Studies NF Vol. 49, Hamburg 1962/63, pp. 133–140 ( full text )
  • 12. Program of the Pyritz high school . Pyritz 1871 ( e-copy ).
  • 13. Program of the high school of the city of Pyritz . Pyritz 1872 ( e-copy ).

Web links

Commons : Pyrzyce  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Pyritz in the Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Footnotes

  1. ^ A b Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition, Volume 16, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 481.
  2. ↑ a b c http://stadt.pyritz.kreis-pyritz.de/
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania - outline of their history, mostly according to documents . Berlin 1865, p. 317 .
  4. ↑ Christian Friedrich Wutstrack , Ed .: short historical-geographical-statistical description of the royal Prussian duchy of Vorpommern and Hinterpommern . Stettin 1793, overview table on p. 736.
  5. ^ A b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Pyritz district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  6. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Daunicht: The secret of the Pyritzer Hammey . In: “Pomerania. Journal for Culture and History ”, 2/2011, ISSN  0032-4167 , pp. 8–9.
  7. ^ German town book - Handbook of urban history by Erich Keyser , published in 1939 by W. Kohlhammer Verlag Stuttgart Volume I Northeast Germany, pages 215-217
  8. ^ German local coat of arms by Otto Hupp , published in 1925 by the Kaffee-Handels-Aktiengesellschaft Bremen
  9. ↑ http://www.pyrzyce.um.gov.pl/