Lubin map
The Lubinsche Karte (also called Great Lubinsche Karte ) is a series of maps that the Rostock scholar Eilhard Lubinus developed on behalf of Duke Philip II of Pomerania between 1610 and 1618. It was the first complete map of the Duchy of Pomerania . The Lubin map formed the basis of the printed Pomeranian maps until the 18th century. To this day it is of great artistic and historical importance.
history
The Duke Philip II of Pomerania- Stettin , who was trained through studies at several German universities and was interested in art, recognized the benefits of a map of his territory for the administration of the country during his first years in office. The maps available so far, such as the map in the Cosmographia by Sebastian Münster published in Basel in 1544 , were too imprecise and faulty. The Duke's intention was to create a chronicle of Pomerania, which was to be enriched with a map and other illustrations.
The mathematician and geographer Eilhard Lubinus, who teaches at the University of Rostock, was commissioned to create the map. He had already completed his first cartographic work, a map of Rügen , in 1609 on behalf of Duke Philipp Julius von Pommern- Wolgast , which was also recognized by Philip II. In 1610 Philip II ordered the map of the Duchy of Pomerania from Lubinus.
Lubinus began his work in 1611 with literature studies and the evaluation of the existing map material. In 1612 he had completed a 123-page manuscript that should enable him to carry out the survey in a relatively short time. Philip II and Philip Julius, who was also helping with the work on the map, had signed their officials to help. Lubinus, who also used experiences and materials from his recording of the island of Rügen, began his work at Barth and Tribsees . In 54 days he traveled through the duchy twice from August 19 to October 13. He visited 152 places and covered about 1500 kilometers. He made numerous notes and drawings, carried out 5793 observations with the associated calculations on site and also studied the existing maps. This also included the maps drawn up by the ducal administrator Daniel Froboese.
The proposal, adopted in 1614, to add views of the Pomeranian cities, depictions of the coats of arms of the Pomeranian nobility and depictions of the dukes made the task considerably more difficult. Cities and administrators were asked in writing to provide views of their locations. On behalf of Philip II, the Antwerp painter Johann Wolfhart (Johan Wolfart) made the depictions of the towns in the Pomerania region . The city views of Western Pomerania , the creation of which is dated to the period from 1611 to 1615, could not yet be clearly assigned. The templates for the copperplate engravings in the West Pomeranian cities have been preserved in the Stralsund illuminated manuscript , while the Wolfhart originals from West Pomerania have been lost.
The coats of arms of the Pomeranian nobility could partly be taken from Conradi's coat of arms book. The other families were written to asking for support. Despite repeated reminders, 21 coats of arms could not be recorded until the printing plates were completed.
In August 1617 Lubinus traveled through Pomerania again before the engraving work began at the end of the year. Nikolaus Geelkercken, employed by the son of the Amsterdam publisher and cartographer Jodocus Hondius , Jodocus II, carried out the work.
Philip II did not live to see the completion of the work he had commissioned; he died in 1618. In November of the same year, Lubinus was able to send some copies from the first edition of the card, which is estimated to be 20 to 30 pieces, to Duke in Wolgast Castle Present to Philipp Julius. He then brought further copies to Stettin, where they were given to Duke Franz . There is an exchange of letters between Lubinus and the dukes in which the cartographer demands outstanding wages.
A second edition, which was to comprise 500 copies and for which Lubinus had already ordered the paper, was no longer possible because of the death of Eilhard Lubinus in 1621. Since the printing plates were lost after the Thirty Years' War , the map became so rare over the course of the next 130 years that there were hardly any copies left by the middle of the 18th century. It was not until 1756 that Johann Carl Conrad Oelrichs found the printing plates in the attic of the house of the mayor of Stralsund, Johann Friedrich Zander. Johann Jakob Weitbrecht bought them from the mayor's widow and brought them to Hamburg. Another edition appeared there in 1758, which includes all copies known today, unless they are reprints from the 20th century (see below). The printing plates were lost again during the Seven Years' War .
Map series
To measure the land, Lubinus used the measuring devices available at the time. This included a full-circle instrument for measuring angles between prominent landmarks (e.g. church towers), which at that time was also known as an astrolabe , but should not be confused with this instrument from the Middle Ages, the Jacob's staff to determine the distance between the stars and theirs Height above the horizon and the Quadratum geometricum (measuring quadrant), which goes back to Georg von Peuerbach , to measure the height of a star, e.g. B. the sun or the North Star, above the horizon. The measuring chain and step counter (pedometer), which Lubin certainly also used in his work, are not shown. The map was laid out on a scale of 1: 235,000.
The card was engraved on twelve copper plates, each weighing six pounds, 420 mm high and 548 mm wide. The assembled printed sheets made a total size of 1.25 meters high and 2.21 meters wide.
The map is framed by an outer band with views of 49 cities and an inner band with the coats of arms of 335 Pomeranian noble families. In addition to the family tree of the Pomeranian dukes , the princes of Rügen and the portraits of the dukes Philip II , Philip Julius , Ulrich I , Franz I and Bogislaw XIV, who lived in 1617 , it contained a short description of the country in Latin. The details of the map also include the presumed portrait of Lubin, combined with a representation of his instruments.
Not only more than 2000 cities and towns are shown, but also rivers, swamps and forests. The latitude and longitude positions recorded by him are of astonishing accuracy. This is all the more important because it is the first detailed overall map of all the Pomeranian territories at that time.
Reprints
A reprint of Lubin's map appeared for the first time in 1926 with explanations by Alfred Haas . Another reprint followed in 1980 with an introduction by Manfred Vollack . Furthermore, reprints with explanations in Polish have been published since 1989.
literature
- Gottfried von Bülow : Addition to Vol. XIX . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 21, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1885, p. 796.
- Krause: addition to vol. XIX . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, p. 747 f.
- Alfred Haas : The Great Lubinsche Map of Pomerania. On the occasion of the reprint of the map , Stettin in 1926.
- Eckhard Jäger, Roderich Schmidt (ed.): The large Lubinsche map of Pomerania from 1618. With a descriptive text by Alfred Haas (1926). Nordostdeutsches Kulturwerk, Lüneburg 1980, ISBN 3-922296-18-1 .
- Dorota Szymczak, Robert Kupisinski: Editions of the Great Pomeranian Map by Eilhardus Lubinus. In: Pomerania. Journal of Culture and History. Issue 3/2010, ISSN 0032-4167 , pp. 19-22.
- Radosław Skrycki (editor): Eilharda Lubinusa podróz przez Pomorze / Eilhard Lubin's journey through Pomerania. (Polish-German), Zamek Książąt Pomorskich, Szczecin 2013, ISBN 978-83-60816-59-2 .
- Jürgen Hamel : Masterpiece of cartography. The Lubin Pomeranian Map from 1618 . (= Writings of the STRALSUND MUSEUM, Vol. 3), Stralsund 2018, ISSN 2568-6526 .
Web links
- Literature on the Lubin map in the state bibliography MV
- The large Lubin map in 12 JPG files
- Lubin map. In: Barth Lexicon. City of Barth, accessed January 3, 2015 .