Barth

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Barth
Barth
Map of Germany, position of the city of Barth highlighted

Coordinates: 54 ° 22 '  N , 12 ° 43'  E

Basic data
State : Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
County : Western Pomerania-Ruegen
Office : Barth
Height : 5 m above sea level NHN
Area : 41.1 km 2
Residents: 8593 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 209 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 18356
Area code : 038231
License plate : VR, GMN, NVP, RDG, RÜG
Community key : 13 0 73 009
City structure: 4 districts

City administration address : 		Tar passage 2
18356 Barth
Website : www.stadt-barth.de
Mayor : Friedrich-Carl Hellwig ( CDU )
Location of the city of Barth in the Vorpommern-Rügen district
Rostock Landkreis Mecklenburgische Seenplatte Landkreis Rostock Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald Altenpleen Groß Mohrdorf Groß Mohrdorf Groß Mohrdorf Klausdorf (bei Stralsund) Kramerhof Preetz (bei Stralsund) Prohn Saal (Vorpommern) Barth Divitz-Spoldershagen Fuhlendorf (Vorpommern) Fuhlendorf (Vorpommern) Fuhlendorf (Vorpommern) Fuhlendorf (Vorpommern) Karnin (bei Barth) Kenz-Küstrow Löbnitz (Vorpommern) Lüdershagen Pruchten Saal (Vorpommern) Trinwillershagen Bergen auf Rügen Buschvitz Garz/Rügen Gustow Lietzow Parchtitz Patzig Poseritz Ralswiek Rappin Sehlen Ahrenshoop Born a. Darß Dierhagen Prerow Wieck a. Darß Wustrow (Fischland) Franzburg Glewitz Gremersdorf-Buchholz Millienhagen-Oebelitz Papenhagen Richtenberg Splietsdorf Velgast Weitenhagen (Landkreis Vorpommern-Rügen) Wendisch Baggendorf Elmenhorst (Vorpommern) Sundhagen Wittenhagen Baabe Göhren (Rügen) Lancken-Granitz Sellin Mönchgut Zirkow Groß Kordshagen Jakobsdorf Lüssow (bei Stralsund) Lüssow (bei Stralsund) Niepars Pantelitz Steinhagen (Vorpommern) Wendorf Zarrendorf Altenkirchen (Rügen) Breege Dranske Glowe Lohme Putgarten Sagard Wiek (Rügen) Bad Sülze Dettmannsdorf Deyelsdorf Drechow Eixen Grammendorf Gransebieth Hugoldsdorf Lindholz Tribsees Ahrenshagen-Daskow Schlemmin Ribnitz-Damgarten Semlow Altefähr Dreschvitz Dreschvitz Gingst Insel Hiddensee Kluis Neuenkirchen (Rügen) Neuenkirchen (Rügen) Rambin Samtens Schaprode Schaprode Trent (Rügen) Ummanz (Gemeinde) Ummanz (Gemeinde) Ummanz (Gemeinde) Binz Grimmen Marlow Putbus Putbus Sassnitz Stralsund Stralsund Süderholz Zingst Zingst Zingstmap
About this picture

Barth is a small town in the district of Western Pomerania-Rügen in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . The state-approved resort is the seat of the Barth office and forms a sub-center .

geography

Geographical location

Barth is located on the southern bank of the Barther Bodden and east of the Barthe River . In the west of the urban area there is a larger forest area, the Barther Stadtholz. The highest point in the east is the Glöwitzer Berg at 34.2  m above sea level. NHN . The Kuhwiese wetland exists on the peninsula between Barther Strom and Barther Bodden. Another wetland, partially below sea level, is to the east of the city. There are also some smaller lakes here.

City structure

The following districts belong to the city of Barth:

  • Barth
  • Fahrenkamp
  • Planitz
  • Glöwitz
  • Tannenheim

history

In 1159 fighting against the Slavs was reported in the provincia Barta . Back then, bardo meant small elevation in Pomeranian or in the Polish language . In 1256 the spelling was then Bard or Barth and in the 13th century also Bart and Bardt .

middle Ages

Barth around 1590
View from the west (2018)

Between two Slavic fishing villages, probably Dorfstelle (today the Dorfstellenstraße is located there) and Trebin (today the street of the same name), a German market settlement was probably built on an elevation in the first half of the 13th century. It is 1255 in a document of . Jaromar II first called and as a city with the Lubeck city charter provided. This was also the first written mention of the city. The date of the granting of town charter is unknown, but it is believed to have been around 1240/50. An old Slavic castle was located south of today's train station in place of today's facilities and the Barth open-air theater. Another Slavic castle complex was in the northwest of the city. These castle complexes had to be demolished according to the will of the Barther citizens. Wizlaw III. , the last Rügen prince of the Ranen family and probably the only known minstrel in northern Germany and the first Pomeranian poet, had a castle built in Barth around 1315. The castle was mentioned in documents as a fortress in 1324. Wizlaw III. died in 1325 in his Barther residential palace. Since his son had died a few months earlier, the old Rügen Princely House became extinct . From then on, Barth steadily lost its importance and wealth. In 1326 Duke Wartislaw IV of Pomerania was enfeoffed with the Principality of Rügen by Christoph II at the Barth cemetery. In the years that followed, the city suffered from the War of the Rügen Succession with Mecklenburg, plus fires, storm floods and the plague. The pirates Klaus Störtebeker and Gödeke Michels , allegedly based near the city, found support from Barnim VI. and Wartislaw VIII. Duke Barnim VI. died of the plague in 1405 and was buried in the church in front of the choir in the neighboring pilgrimage site of Kenz .

Pomeranian rule

The Ribnitz Peace ended the armed conflict with Mecklenburg in 1369 and brought Barth to the Duchy of Pomerania . Bogislaw X. united the Pomeranian lands in his hand in 1478 and temporarily resided in Barth. Duke Bogislaw XIII resided the longest (from 1570 to 1603) . in Barth, he was one of the most important Pomeranian dukes. Around 1570 he began to develop Barth to the capital of his country Barth / Neuenkamp (Neuenkamp was renamed Franzburg by him ). In 1573 he converted the old prince's court into a stately Renaissance palace. Bogislaw founded a princely court printing company ( förstlike Druckery ) in Barth in 1582 and suggested the construction of a pharmacy , a silk factory and a water art to supply the citizens with drinking water. The Barther beer became world famous due to the brisk shipping trade. The Barther Bible , written in Low German , is the most important testimony of this period. With the relocation of Bogislaw's residence to Stettin in 1603, Barth's heyday ended. In the witch hunts from 1578 to 1653, 44 cases of witchcraft and sorcery are documented. At least 15 people in Amt Barth were executed in the witch trials . In the district of Planitz there were four witch trials with two executions from 1649 to 1653.

Swedish rule

After the Thirty Years' War , Barth belonged to the Swedish Pomerania . In 1710/11 the fugitive Polish King Stanislaus I Leszczyński lived in the castle. In 1722 the place had only 76 houses. The castle was in ruins. After the King of Sweden Frederick I gave the land to the knighthood of Northern Pomerania and Rügen in 1733, the noble Fräuleinstift was built in its place. After the Seven Years' War , there was a renewed heyday for shipbuilding and sailing. In 1783 Barth owned 40 ships. In 1795 there were 520 houses and 3150 inhabitants. In 1848, 67 merchant ships were based in Barth. The city had up to seven shipyards over time. Fishing was also one of the city's sources of income. Originally, the Barther fishermen had fishing rights as far as the Saaler Bodden .

Recent history

gardenstreet
Barth harbor with old town
Shipyard and old sugar factory
New jetties in front of the city harbor

The medieval town hall with a striking decorative gable was located on the market square and was demolished in 1871.

The Stralsund – Rostock railway was opened in 1888/89. An 11.4 km long branch line to Barth was built from Velgast . The 18.6 km long Velgast – Prerow railway , also known as the Darßbahn, was built later . The Soviet occupying power had the railway line dismantled after 1945 and transported to the Soviet Union as a reparation payment . Before the Second World War there was also a rail link to Saal .

During the Second World War (from July 1940) a prisoner of war camp ( main camp Luft I) was set up for Allied prisoners of war in Am Vogelsang , in which a total of around 9,000 prisoners were housed. Among the prisoners was the future British actor Donald Pleasence , who 20 years later took on an important supporting role in the drama Broken Chains , a film that is also set in a German Air Force prisoner-of-war camp . In 1943, the Barth satellite camp of the Ravensbrück concentration camp was built on the site of the Barther Air Base , where around 6,000 prisoners from 18 nations had to do forced labor under inhumane conditions in the Heinkel Group's aircraft factories. Almost 200 prisoners died on the evacuation transports at the end of the war, most of them were liberated by the Red Army .

During the GDR era, Barth was home to a number of larger industrial companies with thousands of jobs, such as VEB Landmaschinenbau Barth (later Schiffsanlagenbau Barth), VEG Saatzucht Barth, the concrete factory, the brewery, the sugar beet factory, the boatyard and the fish factory.

From 1970 to 1985 the south residential area was built with 696 prefabricated apartments . The liquidation of the large companies after 1990 with the resulting unemployment led to an emigration of workers and thus to a decrease in the city's population. Tourism opened up new economic perspectives due to Barth's proximity to the Baltic Sea and as the eastern gateway to the Zingst peninsula.

After the reunification and peaceful revolution in the GDR , the historic city center has been thoroughly renovated since 1991 as part of the urban development funding. The Westhafen has received a new face through the construction of terraced houses, restaurants and shops as well as the demolition of the former fish factory while preserving the administration wing, which is interesting from a historical preservation point of view; Hafenstrasse was rebuilt.

In 2005, Barth celebrated the 750th anniversary of the city charter. Barth has been a state-approved resort since 2015.

From 1952 to 1994 Barth belonged to the Ribnitz-Damgarten district (until 1990 in the GDR district of Rostock , 1990–1994 in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ). In 1994 the city was incorporated into the North Western Pomerania district. Since the district reform in 2011 , it has been in the Vorpommern-Rügen district .

Population development

year Residents
1990 11,549
1995 10,429
2000 09,965
2005 09,177
2010 08,733
year Residents
2015 8,696
2016 8,660
2017 8,643
2018 8,658
2019 8,593

Status: December 31 of the respective year

religion

There are four Christian congregations in Barth: that of the Pomeranian Evangelical Church Community of St. Marien Barth, the Catholic Church of St. Mary - Comforter of the Afflicted , a Free Evangelical Congregation and a New Apostolic Church.

Brick church St. Marien Barth

politics

City council

Since the local election on May 26, 2019, with a turnout of 47.4%, the city council has been composed as follows:

Party / group of voters Voices 2014 Voices 2019 Seats 2014 Seats 2019
CDU 32.7% 28.7% 7th 6th
SPD 28.5% 14.1% 6th 3
The left 11.7% 12.4% 2 3
Free voters Barth 0- 12.1% - 3
Citizen for Barth 04.8% 11.9% 1 2
AfD 03.8% 10.1% 1 1
FDP 10.1% 08.7% 2 2
Individual applicant Mario Galepp * 04.1% 0- 1 -
Individual applicant Henning Heyden 02.9% 0- 1 -

* Mario Galepp ran successfully in the local elections in 2019 for the voters group Bürger für Barth.

The AfD had two seats in 2019, one of which remains vacant because the party had only nominated one candidate.

mayor

Hellwig was elected in the mayoral election on November 4, 2018 with 53.4% ​​of the valid votes for a term of seven years.

coat of arms

The coat of arms was registered under No. 2 of the coat of arms of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. It was redrawn in 2000 by the Schwerin heraldist Heinz Kippnick .

Blazon : “Divided; above, in silver, a man's head with brown hair and beards looking forward; below three slanting silver fish in blue, placed in bars. On the shield is a blue-and-silver puffed helmet with a gold necklet and blue-silver blankets, adorned with five silver ostrich feathers. "

flag

The city flag shows the colors blue-white-blue in three longitudinal stripes of different widths. The outer blue stripes each take up one fifth, the white central stripe takes up three fifths of the height of the flag cloth. In the middle of the white stripe, half the height of the flag, is the city's coat of arms. The length of the flag cloth is related to the height like 3: 2.

Twin cities

Sister cities of Barth are

Sights and culture

Noble fräuleinstift
Marketplace
Dam gate and tower of St. Marien Church (west view)

Buildings

  • Sankt-Marien-Kirche, brick Gothic building from the 13th century. The construction of the early Gothic hall church began with the rectangular choir . After the nave, the tower was added last. The interior was changed several times, the last time in 1856 by Friedrich August Stüler in the neo-Gothic style . The church has a Buchholz organ , on which concerts are also held outside of church services (see the organ of the Marienkirche ).
  • Historic town houses in the old town
  • Fish fountain by the sculptor Wilhelm Löber on the market square, originally a monument to Kaiser Wilhelm I.
  • Noble Fräuleinstift , incorrectly called a monastery, founded by Frederick of Sweden in 1733 , is located on the eastern edge of the old town on the site of the castle that was demolished in 1727. The three-wing complex consists of single-storey brick buildings with a mansard roof and a two-storey central building. The rectangular area is surrounded by walls with a round arch portal from 1741 on the west side. The building is used by the People's Solidarity .
  • Town hall , was built as a district office for the Franzburg-Barth district based on designs by the Berlin architect Walter Brandt , inaugurated in 1926
  • Medieval fortifications, the dam gate, a square brick building with an ogival passage from the 15th century, the fishing tower and the only partially recognizable ramparts are preserved
  • Water tower in the Sundian Strait, from which the water for the breweries was obtained, which came from the Alkun spring in the Sundian Mountains
  • Reminder and memorial for 180 victims of forced labor on Chausseestrasse (from 1966)
  • Honor grove for the prisoners of war of the main camp Luft 1 in the street "Vogelsang" (from 1985)
  • Memorial stone for an unknown number of concentration camp prisoners, prisoners of war and slave labor who were buried here in individual and communal graves in the cemetery. A plaque commemorates 114 children of women from the Soviet Union who had to do forced labor in the Pomeranian industrial works in Barth . Other stones commemorate eight Polish and Jewish victims.
  • Soviet cemetery of honor for soldiers and forced laborers on Freedom Square (built in 1945, redesigned in 1968)

Museums

  • Vineta Museum, shows exhibits related to the history of the city. In addition to exhibitions on the history of the city, the museum is also known for its internationally important special exhibitions. In 2007, original graphics by Rembrandt van Rijn were exhibited.
  • Choir of the former chapel of the St. Jürgen Hospital from the 14th century. The nave was in the 18./19. Century converted into hospital and living chambers. In the outer masonry there are remains of the nave. Since 2001, the restored building on Sundische Strasse has housed the adventure exhibition of the St. Jürgen Low German Bible Center . The centerpiece of the exhibition is a copy of the Barther Bible (1584–1588), the first Bible printed in Pomerania to translate the Luther text into Low German.
  • Museum in the Alte Druckerei in Langen Str. 30, is dedicated to the life and work of the local poet and writer Martha Müller-Grählert.
  • Windjammer Museum at Hafenstraße 22 with a private collection of ship portraits of its kind. More than 400 ship frames and portraits as well as captain pictures are shown in the Teetz villa.

Events

Marina

Many events take place regularly in Barth. For example, the Barther Metal Open Air (BMOA) every year on the open-air stage and an open-air event by the largest North German radio stations. In the summer theater, performances on the subject of "Vineta" are performed on a stage at Barther Bodden with the participation of actors from the Anklamer Theater and amateur actors. In summer, the port and sailing days attract many thousands of visitors. The so-called Tuesday concerts are held regularly in the Marienkirche. Popular events are also the Barther Schützenfest, the Barther barrel chopping off and the Barther Carnival. The Barther Children's Festival is the oldest festival of its kind in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and in the world. It has existed since 1828 and has been part of the intangible cultural heritage in Germany since 2016 .

traffic

Barth is on the L 21 state roads between Prerow and Niepars and the L 23 to Bad Sülze . The federal highway 105 runs eight kilometers south of Barth through Löbnitz .

With the regional train line RB 25 , operated by DB Regio , there is a connection from Barth station to Velgast . From 1910 until the Second World War , the Darßbahn connected Barth with Zingst and Prerow on the Darß . Today only the section between Barth and Bresewitz still exists, on which the railroad operations, however, rest.

The Baltic Sea Coast Route (EV10) , a European long-distance cycle route, touches Barth and leads around the Baltic Sea in the EuroVelo network.

Barth has a city harbor. Barth Airport is south of the city .

and display information about the image
City harbor of Barth with harbor entrance, ship landing stage and harbor pavilion

various

Vineta

Vineta column at the port

As one of the cities in the Baltic region, the company can claim, with the legendary Vineta to communicate, Barth also called Vineta city . The terms Vinetastadt for Barth and Vinetamuseum , which were introduced for advertising, have not been scientifically proven. There are no references to the legendary early medieval Pomeranian town of Jumne or Jumneta , which went down in legends as Vineta. Jumne-Vineta was identified with the city of Wollin on the Polish Baltic island of the same name in the 20th century , in particular through the research of Otto Kunkel , Karl August Wilde and Władysław Filipowiak . Locating Vineta in Barth is just a hypothesis of the Berlin historians Goldmann and Wermusch.

Barther beer

Due to its excellent quality, Barther beer was famous in the Middle Ages . It was exported to Novgorod and Marseille . A contemporary witness told us about the invasion of Wallenstein soldiers in Barth in 1627 : They eat and drink like pigs. The fourth part of the houses is barren and desolate. If it goes on like this, there will soon not be a drop of Barth beer left. Wallenstein personally requested a load of Barther beer during the siege of Anklam in 1628 . Barther coastal beer has been brewed again in Barth since 2007 .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities associated with Barth

See also

literature

  • Fischland, Darß, Zingst and Barth with surrounding area (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 71). 1st edition. Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2010, ISBN 978-3-412-09806-3 .
  • Council of the City of Barth (Ed.): Festschrift for the 700th anniversary of the city of Barth from July 1 to 10, 1955. Barth 1955
  • City Council of Barth (ed.): 725 years city of Barth 1255–1980. Barth 1980
  • Barther Heimatverein (Ed.): LandeBarth - Barther Geschichte (n) . Redieck & Schade, Rostock
  1. 2009 ISBN 978-3-934116-86-3
  2. 2010 ISBN 978-3-942673-00-6
  3. 2011 ISBN 978-3-942673-11-2
  4. 2012 ISBN 978-3-942673-23-5
  5. 2013 ISBN 978-3-942673-37-2
  6. 2014 ISBN 978-3-942673-48-8
  7. 2015 ISBN 978-3-942673-58-7
  8. 2016 ISBN 978-3-942673-72-3
  9. 2017 ISBN 978-3-942673-85-3

(Complete register of all volumes at www.stadt-barth.de )

  • Wilhelm Bülow: Chronicle of the city of Barth. Barth 1922
  • Lutz Mohr : Were Vineta and Jomsburg on the coasts of Northern Western Pomerania? In: Heimatblätter for Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Vol. 9, H. 1, Schwerin 1999, pp. 99-101
  • Jörg Scheffelke, Gerd Garber (Ed.): City of Barth 1255-2005. Contributions to the history of the city . Thomas Helms Verlag , Schwerin 2005 ISBN 3-935749-48-1
  • Jürgen Hamel : Bibliography of the prints of the Princely Printing House Barth 1582–1604. In: Baltic Studies. NF Volume 100, 2014, pp. 83-127
  • Friedrich Oom: The old Barth in church respect. In: Baltic Studies. Volume 1, Stettin 1832, pp. 173–245. (books.google.de)
  • Gerd-Helge Vogel : Enlightenment in Barth. For the 250th anniversary of the Helvetian-German dialogue between Johann Joachim Spalding , Johann Caspar Lavater , Johann Heinrich Füssli and Felix Hess in Barth in 1763/64. Verlag Ludwig, Kiel 2014 ISBN 978-3-86935-231-2
  • Matthias Wichmann: Chronicle of the city of Barth from 1619 . Edited by Jürgen Hamel, Leipzig 2016 (= Publications of the Barth City Archives, 1) ISBN 978-3-946281-02-3
  • Franz Wegener: Barth in National Socialism. (History of the City of Barth, 3) KFVR, Gladbeck 2016

Web links

Commons : Barth  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Barth (Vorpommern)  - Sources and full texts
Wikivoyage: Barth  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistisches Amt MV - population status of the districts, offices and municipalities 2019 (XLS file) (official population figures in the update of the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ Regional Spatial Development Program Vorpommern (RREP) 2010 - central local structure with upper, middle and basic centers, accessed on July 12, 2015. ( www.rpv-vorpommern.de ( Memento from March 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive ))
  3. ↑ Main statute of the city of Barth, § 12
  4. ↑ Ernst Eichler , Werner Mühlmer: The names of cities in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Ingo Koch Verlag, Rostock 2002, ISBN 3-935319-23-1 .
  5. ^ Hubertus Neuschäffer: Western Pomerania's castles and mansions. Husum Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, 1993, ISBN 3-88042-636-8 , p. 26.
  6. ↑ Urban development Barth
  7. ^ Hubertus Neuschäffer: Western Pomerania's castles and mansions. Husum Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, 1993, ISBN 3-88042-636-8 , p. 26.
  8. ^ Jürgen Hamel : Bibliography of the prints of the Princely Printing House Barth 1582-1604. In: Baltic Studies. NF 100 (2014), pp. 83-127.
  9. ^ E. Wendt & Co. (Ed.): Overview of the Prussian Merchant Navy . Stettin January 1848, p. 2 f . ( online [accessed June 4, 2015]).
  10. ↑ Old Town Hall on Barth's market square , stadt-barth.de, accessed on February 19, 2018.
  11. ^ Martin Albrecht, Helga Radau: Stalag Luft I in Barth. British and American prisoners of war in Pomerania 1940 to 1945. Thomas Helms Verlag, Schwerin 2012, ISBN 978-3-940207-70-8 .
  12. ↑ City of Barth is a recognized resort - Ministry for Labor, Equality and Social Affairs
  13. ↑ Population development of the districts and municipalities in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Statistical Report AI of the Statistical Office Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
  14. ↑ Ev. Parish of St. Marien Barth
  15. ↑ Katholische Gemeinde Barth ( Memento of the original from January 15, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dreifaltigkeit-stralsund.de
  16. ^ New Apostolic Church Barth congregation
  17. ^ Result of the local elections on May 25, 2014
  18. ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
  19. ↑ Main statute of the city of Barth, § 8
  20. ^ Result of the mayoral election on November 4, 2018
  21. ^ Website Barth: Sister cities
  22. ↑ UNESCO entry Barther Children's Festival
  23. ↑ Barther Children's Festival, p. 13.
  24. ↑ translator2: EuroVelo 10 - EuroVelo. Retrieved May 5, 2017 .
  25. ↑ cf. also Franz Wegener: Neu-Vineta. The racial settlement plans of the Ariosophers for the Darß and Zingst peninsulas . Political religion of National Socialism, 7th Kulturförderverein Ruhrgebiet KFVR, Gladbeck 2016
  26. ↑ City history. In: stadt-barth.de
  27. ↑ beer. In: stadt-barth.de
  28. ↑ Claudia Haiplick: The Barther beer is back. In: Ostsee-Zeitung . July 22, 2010, archived from the original on April 12, 2013 ; Retrieved June 17, 2015 .