Urban development

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The urban development is a differentiated support program of the Federal Government and the states in the Federal Republic of Germany to promote cities as well as villages

The federal government, the federal states and the cities attribute great urban development, economic, social, cultural and ecological importance to urban development funding.

history

After the first major housing shortage in the period after the Second World War had been resolved, it was necessary to devote more attention to the urban development context. Urban development funding was introduced for the first time - initially in model cities (1969) - and then nationwide as a legal and funding system with the resolution of the Urban Development Promotion Act on June 19, 1971, and by 1990 it was already able to record great successes in the redevelopment of city centers. The federal, state and local governments provided more than 14 billion euros. After reunification, the focus of urban renewal policy was in the new federal states . Between 1991 and 2006, more than 20 billion euros in program funds were used in the new federal states in over 1,200 funding areas.

In 2006, the federal government provided 546 million euros in financial obligations as financial aid for East and West Germany. These funds are complemented by similarly high funds from the federal states and municipalities. Some countries provide additional funds through their own country programs. The financial resources of the building owners and the triggering effects achieve a four to five-fold investment effect of the financial aid from the federal, state and local governments.

2010 halving now increased to 610 million euros urban development was by the federal government and the Bundesrat accepted. In the 2011 budget, 455 million euros were provided for federal financial aid, which was supplemented by funds from the federal states and municipalities in approximately the same amount. Also in 2012 and 2013, 455 million euros were earmarked for urban development funding in the federal budget.

Since 2018, the Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Home Affairs has also been responsible for urban development funding. In an administrative agreement, the federal government and the federal states had undertaken to provide a total of 790 million euros for the 2019 budget year, plus 200 million euros for the social integration investment pact in the district . For 2020, the federal government has made a commitment in the same amount, only the funding areas have been concentrated on three:

  • Lively centers (300 million euros)
  • Social cohesion (200 million euros, by 2019: Social City project )
  • Growth and Sustainable Renewal (290 million euros)

plus

  • Investment pact for social integration in the district (200 million euros)

Objectives of urban renewal in urban development

The urban renewal should enable the maintenance and modernization of buildings, the revitalization of the centers and secondary centers and the improvement of the residential environment in the affected areas. Without the financial aid, but also through the incentives from the federal and state governments, the municipalities were and are not able to cope with these tasks.

The aim was and is to stop the loss of importance of the inner cities in their function as the social, economic, cultural and political center of the region. Through diversity and a mix of functions, they should remain places of encounter and identification, so that city life becomes a city experience. Instead of shopping in shopping centers on the green field, these activities should also be able to develop better in the centers. By maintaining and strengthening the existing districts, urban development funding is of great ecological importance.

These goals are achieved through general urban development programs, federal and state financial aid, and municipal funds in the form of federal / state programs and pure state programs. Then there are the financial resources of private and commercial builders. With one euro from the programs, investments of 4 to 5 euros are made. The economic importance of the programs - especially to stimulate investments - is very high. Overall, urban development programs have a social, cultural, ecological, economic and political positive effect.

These programs are used in the redevelopment, development and support areas in several thousand municipalities in all federal states.

Urban monument protection

The program for the protection of urban monuments should initially create a unity in the new federal states between urban and building renovation and monument protection in particularly important, historic city centers (e.g. in Angermünde , Arnstadt , Boizenburg , Erfurt , Freyburg , Görlitz , Grimma , Güstrow , Havelberg , Meißen , Neuruppin , Potsdam , Putbus , Quedlinburg , Schwerin , Stralsund , Weimar , Wismar ). An advisory board chaired by Prof. Gottfried Kiesow and Michael Bräuer accompanies this program. From 1991 to 2016, around 2.4 billion euros in funding were used in 238 cities in the new federal states, while 290 million euros were made available for 265 cities in the old federal states in the same period.

On June 9, 2010, Federal Minister Peter Ramsauer informed the members of the “ Bundestag Committee for Transport, Building and Urban Development ” that the federal funds for urban development should be reduced by 50% in the subsequent federal budgets - the amount of urban monument protection would be 50 million euros per year affected. Since these funds are usually supplemented by the federal states, municipalities and other sponsoring institutions to double to triple the sum, which was then also omitted, the chairman of the German Foundation for Monument Protection, Gottfried Kiesow , warned in a press release against deforestation. "The halving of the program funds in urban development funding announced by Federal Minister Ramsauer is a mistake," said Kiesow. The cut “endangers the preservation of our cultural heritage”. The chairwoman of the foundation, Rosemarie Wilcken , repeated this criticism on the occasion of the Open Monument Day 2011.

Since 2017, the federal government has increased its funding for urban monument protection to 110 million annually.

The social city

The current massive social and economic change is changing the social and spatial structures in cities and creating new challenges for urban district development. Since 1999 in the east and from 2004 in the west there has been the supplementary program “ The Socially Integrative City ” to promote districts with special social development needs. The aim is to stabilize and improve the physical living and living conditions as well as the economic basis in the districts, to increase life chances by imparting skills and knowledge, and to strengthen the image, public relations and identification of the districts. By 2018, 891 program areas in 513 cities and municipalities had received funding.

Urban redevelopment

In the course of centuries of history, the cities were permanently rebuilt according to the respective needs. Now, however, new, far-reaching developments can be seen in the cities, characterized by severe population losses, vacant homes and large fallow land. Therefore, urban redevelopment east and west generally aims to upgrade urban quarters in order to improve the living quality of the residents and the functionality of the urban quarters, also in connection with the demolition (east: 350,000 apartments) of apartments that are no longer needed in the long term. From 2002 to 2005, 342 municipalities with a funding volume of approx. 2.5 billion euros. In the western countries, this program started in 2004 with 16 pilot cities and financial aid totaling 40 million euros. Based on an evaluation carried out in 2016, the two programs were merged and continued since 2017 with the following priorities:

  • Strengthening the inner cities
  • Avoidance of perforated urban structures
  • Creation of a demand-based housing offer
  • Preservation of an intact community.

The funding volume was increased to 260 million, which meant that 56 West municipalities could be included. A total of 1,081 municipalities had received funding by 2019.

Active city and district centers

This program has been part of joint urban development funding since 2008. It serves to prepare and implement overall measures for the maintenance and development of the central supply areas in inner city centers and secondary centers as well as basic and local supply centers as locations for business and culture as well as places for living, working and living. Half of the financing is provided by the federal states and municipalities on the one hand and private investors and additional municipal funds on the other.

execution

A holistic, constantly adapting urban planning as an integrated process of all actors is the beginning and the accompaniment of every overall urban development measure.

Criteria for the implementation of the overall urban development measure are the urban development deficiencies (substance and functional weaknesses), the building culture importance of the areas, the uniform and rapid preparation, the high quality implementation of the redevelopment, a clearly delimited redevelopment or funding area and a broad public interest.

The affected citizens are intensively involved in the development of the overall measures. Public relations, city marketing, district management as well as coordination and cooperation of all parties involved serve to promote understanding, optimize the implementation process and activate additional financial resources.

Redevelopment or development agencies are mostly commissioned to prepare, carry out and account for overall urban development measures .

The federal government provides 0.5% of the funding for accompanying research. The Federal Institute for Building, Urban and Spatial Research (BBSR) has been entrusted with the coordination and implementation.

Urban Development Day

Urban Development Day 2016 in Frankfurt (Oder)
Urban Development Day 2016 in Frankfurt (Oder)
Urban Development Day 2016 in Frankfurt (Oder)

In Germany, the federal government, the federal states, municipal umbrella organizations and other partners are running a project for a “day of urban development funding”. This should strengthen public participation in urban development and urban development and offer a forum for projects in smaller communities, medium-sized and large cities. The "Urban Development Day" has been an annual nationwide event since 2015.

Law

The legal basis for redevelopment, development and development areas as well as their promotion can be found in the “Special Urban Development Law” of the Building Code ( Sections 136 to 191 BauGB ), in the administrative agreements between the federal government and the federal states on the granting of financial aid, in the urban development guidelines and Enactment by the federal states (most recently BAnz AT 03.11.2014 B3 ), in their annual state programs and in the guidelines and statutes of the municipalities.

Urban redevelopment measures are, according to Section 136 (1) BauGB, measures in town and country through which an area is to be significantly improved or redesigned to remedy urban development deficiencies, whereby uniform preparation and rapid implementation must be in the public interest.

Quotes

  • Hans Paul Bahrdt , social scientist: " With wrongly built cities one can ruin a society and a democracy in the same way as through the establishment of a totalitarian regime ."; in “The modern city.” 1969, Wegner-Verlag Hamburg
  • Alexander Mitscherlich , psychologist: “ We had reason to complain about the destruction of our cities - and then the forms of their reconstruction; ... The inhospitable nature of our reconstructed, constantly expanding instead of boldly constructed, monotonous instead of melodically composed cities is expressed of the centers as well as on the periphery ; ... ”in“ The inhospitableness of our cities - incitement to strife ”1967, edition suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt a. M.
  • Lauritz Lauritzen , Federal Building Minister 1966–1972: “ The need for more public planning in the development of our cities and communities is inevitable .” In “More Democracy in Urban Development” 1972, Fakelträgerverlag Hannover
  • Karl Ravens , Federal Minister of Construction 1972–1974: “ From housing to urban development, that was the watchword from 1971 and it determined political and administrative action in the years that followed .” In “Back to the City - Examples of Urban Renewal in Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Saxony-Anhalt. “2004, Ed .: BIG-Städtebau and SES-Stadterneuerungsgesellschaft Stralsund
  • Horst Seehofer , Federal Minister of the Interior since 2018: “ We are streamlining our funding structure. In this way we make it easier for cities and municipalities to implement their projects. In addition, climate protection is becoming a requirement for funding. There will be no more urban development funding without climate protection in the future . ”2019, PM BMI

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Urban Development Day  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bundesrat: Plenary minutes of the 874th meeting: Resolution of the Bundesrat on the future of urban development funding. September 24, 2010, accessed March 30, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Weser-Kurier of November 13, 2010, p. 2
  3. ↑ BMVBS urban development funding 2012 (archived copy) ( Memento from June 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Home Affairs: Administrative Agreement 2019. December 10, 2018, accessed on April 1, 2020 .
  5. ^ Federal Ministry of the Interior, for Building and Home Affairs: New urban development funding - easier, more flexible, greener (press release). December 19, 2019, accessed March 30, 2020 .
  6. ↑ Federal Ministry of the Interior, for Building and Home Affairs: Urban planning monument protection. Retrieved April 1, 2020 .
  7. ↑ Press release by the chairman of the German Foundation for Monument Protection, Gottfried Kiesow, on the planned cuts in funding for urban monument protection ( Memento from January 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  8. ↑ German Foundation for Monument Protection: Around 4.5 million visitors to the Open Monument Day. September 11, 2011, accessed March 30, 2020 .
  9. ^ Federal Ministry of the Interior, for Building and Home Affairs: Social City Program Strategy. July 2018, accessed March 31, 2020 .
  10. ↑ Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety: Joint evaluation of the Urban Redevelopment East and Urban Redevelopment West programs. May 2016, accessed March 31, 2020 .
  11. ^ Federal Ministry of the Interior, for Building and Home Affairs: Active city and district centers. Accessed March 31, 2020 .
  12. ↑ BBSR: accompanying research. Retrieved April 2, 2020 .
  13. ↑ Day of urban development funding: Day of urban development funding. In: www.tag-der-staedtebaufoerderung.de. Retrieved May 23, 2016 .