Ferdinand Jühlke

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Ferdinand Jühlke

Johann Bernhard Ferdinand Jühlke (* 1. September 1815 in Barth ; † 12. June 1893 in Potsdam ) was a German horticulture - teachers , horticultural author and garden designer .

Youth and education

Ferdinand Jühlke was born as the third child of the carpenter Johann Martin Jühlke and his wife Dorothea Ilsabe, née Sandhof, in Barth in New West Pomerania . His parents divorced shortly after he was born; his father married again in 1818, from this marriage a half-sister of Jühlke emerged.

Ferdinand Jühlke attended the high school in his hometown. His uncle, who ran the gardening of a manor nearby, introduced Jühlke to practical gardening at an early age and aroused his interest in gardening and fruit growing.

In 1830, Jühlke began training as a gardener in the Botanical Garden of the University of Greifswald . Its director, the professor of natural history and botany at the University of Greifswald, Christian Friedrich Hornschuch , tried both in teaching and in the design of the botanical garden on the one hand scientific, botanical and on the other hand artistic and aesthetic aspects of horticulture unite. The botanical garden should not only be used for scientific study purposes, but also bring the joy of garden culture closer to broad sections of the population. In 1831 Hornschuch founded a training institute for gardening workers, of which Jühlke was one of the first to graduate.

Even during his training, Jühlke attached great importance to gaining knowledge of the horticultural auxiliary sciences, which is why he took private lessons in botany, physics, mathematics and surveying technology. During the time in Greifswald, a close friendship developed with the gardener Langguth, who became a mentor and advisor for Jühlke.

Worked at the Royal Agricultural Academy Eldena

Hornschuch recommended Jühlke in 1834 as an academic gardener at the Royal State and Agricultural Academy Eldena near Greifswald. As head of the teaching and research gardens, Jühlke looked after the botanical garden, the fruit tree school and the research fields. These systems served on the one hand as an aid for teaching botany and botany, for which the students created herbaria and plant collections, and on the other hand for breeding experiments and the testing of new cultivars and methods. Jühlke was in close contact with various commercial nurseries, tree nurseries and botanical gardens, from which he obtained planting material and seeds in order to test new varieties for cultivation under the northern German climatic conditions.

As a gardener, Jühlke initially only gave practical lessons in the subjects of fruit tree growing and grafting at the academy. From the winter semester of 1843/44 he also held lectures in horticulture and in 1846 took over the newly created chair for horticulture, which enabled him to establish horticulture as an independent department at the academy.

In addition to teaching at the Agricultural Academy, Jühlke also contributed to the dissemination of horticultural knowledge through his numerous publications in specialist journals, through the organization of agricultural exhibitions and through his involvement in agricultural associations. He was involved in the Baltic Association for the Promotion of Agriculture and was one of the founding members of the Horticultural Association for New Western Pomerania and Rügen in 1845 , of which he was secretary until 1858.

In Eldena he met Otto von Bismarck , who attended the academy during his military service in order to acquire agricultural knowledge for the planned cultivation of family estates. Jühlke maintained a lifelong friendship with Bismarck and often advised him on horticultural issues.

He expanded his own knowledge through study trips. In 1844 he toured Germany and Belgium, in 1853 he visited nurseries and gardens in England, Scotland, Belgium, Holland, France and southern Germany.

In 1854 he was appointed Royal Horticultural Inspector.

In 1856 Jühlke published the first pomological description of the apple variety Pommerscher Krummstiel , which probably originated in Mecklenburg around 1800.

Commercial nursery F. Jühlke, Erfurt

In 1858 he decided to resign from civil service; He turned down an offer to go to Tbilisi as director of the Imperial Garden. Instead, on September 1, 1858, he took over the C. Appelius commercial nursery in Erfurt, which had been in existence since 1833. The company was located in the Erfurt Andreasvorstadt. In addition to the renowned commercial nurseries of Ernst Benary, JC Schmitz and NL Chestenen, Jühlke's commercial nursery soon became one of the most economically successful horticultural companies in Erfurt.

In Erfurt, Jühlke did a great deal of voluntary work. As early as 1860, only two years after moving, he was elected director of the Erfurt Horticultural Association and in the same year was accepted into the Erfurt Masonic Lodge Carl to the three eagles . He was a member of the Erfurt city council and in 1861 was appointed a member of the district commission for the regulation of property tax by the finance minister.

He also went on study trips as a commercial gardener, which took him to Austria, Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary and Silesia in the summer of 1860, where he visited various gardeners in order to collect ideas for his own business. Jühlke put a lot of energy and commitment into expanding his commercial gardening business; In 1862 King Wilhelm I awarded him the title of supplier of royal gardens, seeds and plants .

In June 1864 Jühlke was appointed commissioner of the German Agricultural Society in Hamburg and elected president of the jury for agricultural products.

As chairman of the Erfurt Horticultural Association, Jühlke was involved in the organization of the General German Exhibition of Agricultural and Horticultural Products , which took place from September 9 to 17, 1865 in conjunction with the II Congress of German Gardeners, Botanists and Gardening Friends to solve important questions took place in the field of horticulture in Erfurt. The main organizer of the event was the Erfurt commercial gardener Franz Carl Heinemann. Due to the great international success of the exhibition, the Prussian Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests awarded him the title of Royal Prussian Horticultural Director in 1865 .

As part of the organization of the horticultural exhibition, however, there was a personal argument between Jühlke and Heinemann, which is why Jühlke decided to resign from his position as director of the Erfurt Horticultural Association at the end of 1865.

Royal Court Garden Director

View of the Royal Gardening College in Potsdam-Wildpark (around 1880)
Ferdinand Jühlke (around 1890)

After the death of the previous court garden director Peter Joseph Lenné in January 1866, Wilhelm I. appointed Ferdinand Jühlke to the position of royal court garden director on April 1, 1866. Jühlke was responsible for the administration, care and maintenance of the royal gardens in all of Prussia, which in addition to the gardens in Potsdam also included possessions in the Rhineland and Hesse. The position of court garden director was also associated with the management of the Royal State Tree School in Alt-Geltow and the Royal Gardening School at the Wildlife Park near Potsdam , Prussia's highest educational institution for horticulture.

The Erfurt commercial nursery was then taken over by Carl Putz, a long-time employee who Jühlke allowed to continue running the company under the company name of F. Jühlke Nachsteiger .

As the successor to Peter Joseph Lenné, he carried out major reforms in training in horticulture at the Royal Gardening College. Horticulture had meanwhile developed into an economically independent branch of industry compared to agriculture. The horticultural apprenticeship had to take into account the changed requirements and the increasing specialization of commercial horticulture in the fields of ornamental plant cultivation, vegetable cultivation, fruit cultivation and medicinal plant cultivation.

He also restructured the state tree nursery that was subordinate to him into a marketable company.

In addition to the designs for royal and aristocratic gardens that Jühlke made in his capacity as court garden director, he also planned numerous municipal and private gardens and parks, for example for the Eisenach villa of the Mecklenburg folk poet Fritz Reuter , with whom Jühlke had a close friendship. For his hometown of Barth he designed the new facilities in 1871 and in the government town of Stralsund he realized the idea of ​​a public park after the fortress character of the town was abolished in the 1880s . The ramparts , previously used for defense purposes , were architecturally redesigned and connected with each other by avenues and promenades.

On October 26, 1882, Jühlke was made an honorary member of the Potsdamer Johannisloge Teutonia for Wisdom in the Orient. In 1880 he finished teaching at the gardening school.

On April 1, 1884, Jühlke celebrated his 50th anniversary as a gardener and in 1891 his 25th anniversary as the Royal Court Garden Director. He retired on July 1 of the same year, resigning from all office.

Jühlke was a member of numerous horticultural and scientific associations and societies, such as the German Pomologists Association and the Royal Academy of Non-Profit Sciences in Erfurt.

Ferdinand Jühlke's expertise was highly valued by his colleagues, so he repeatedly acted as a judge and commissioner at national and international horticultural exhibitions.

family

Carl Ludwig Jühlke (1856–1886)

Ferdinand Jühlke married Maria Johanna Caroline Bladt on May 14, 1841, the daughter of a dance teacher from his hometown of Barth. The first daughter Betty was born on January 17, 1852. On September 6, 1856, his son, the later Africa explorer Karl Ludwig Jühlke , was born in Eldena. The third child, Margarethe, was born in 1861.

His daughter Betty died on December 18, 1882 after giving birth to their first child in childbed.

The son Karl Ludwig, who had initially studied law, took part in the establishment of the Society for German Colonization by Count Behr-Bandelin and Carl Peters in 1884 . In the fall of 1884 he took part in the company's first expedition to East Africa. In the spring of 1885 he traveled again to East Africa to purchase additional areas for the company. On December 1, 1886, he was murdered by a Somali in Kismaju .

Jühlke had a memorial stone erected for his son in the New Potsdam Cemetery . He withdrew financially from the colonial business and sold options on land in the Kilimanjaro area in order to consciously prevent his grandchildren, the children of his daughter Margarethe, from becoming involved in the colonies.

Ferdinand Jühlke died on June 12, 1893. He was buried in the Jühlke family's hereditary burial site, which can be viewed today in the New Cemetery in Potsdam.

Honors

  • His hometown of Barth made him an honorary citizen in 1884.
  • For his services in the field of horticulture, in 1865 he received the Great Golden State Medal donated by King Wilhelm I and the Golden Medal from King Charles of Württemberg.

Fonts

As an author

  • Herbarium, which would contain the most important forage grasses for the farmer ... Self-published, Eldena 1842.
  • Report on the first New Western Pomerania fruit exhibition from September 30th to October 8th 1845: a contribution to the knowledge of the types of fruit planted in New Western Pomerania ... Königl. Government book dr., Stralsund 1846.
  • Indications about the management and arrangement of agricultural house gardens with regard to cultivation experiments. In: Yearbooks of the Royal Prussian state and agricultural academy Eldena. Volume 1, Koch, Greifswald 1848, pp. 193-239.
  • The botanical gardens: with regard to their use and management. Hamburg 1849, contains: A commentary on the remarks on the management of botanical gardens ...
  • Suggestions about experiments in horticulture and observations about the growth and development of the potato with regard to the importance of the mother tuber. In: Annual report of the horticultural association for New Western Pomerania and Rügen. Born 6./7. Hache, Greifswald 1852.
  • Contributions to the natural history of forest plants and the indigenous and foreign wood species found in the gardens. Author, Greifswald 1854.
  • Advances in agricultural horticulture during the last ten years. Wiegandt, Berlin 1854.
  • Report on the fruit and flower exhibition in Eldena for the 400th anniversary of the Royal University of Greifswald: organized by the Horticultural Association for New Western Pomerania and Rügen on October 17, 18, 19 and 20, 1856. Author, Greifswald 1856.
  • The state of horticulture 100 years ago in New Western Pomerania and Rügen: a contribution to its historical development. Hache, Eldena 1858. urn : nbn: de: gbv: 9-g-4881039 (digitized in the digital library Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
  • Communications about some gardens of the Austrian Imperial State. Kittler, Hamburg 1861.
  • The rose garden on the Pfaueninsel: a lecture. [held in the Association for the History of Potsdam on June 29, 1870]. Krämersche Buchdr., Potsdam 1870.

As editor

  • Garden book for women: Practical lessons in all branches of gardening, especially in the culture, care, arrangement and maintenance of the rural home garden. 1st edition. Bosselmann, Berlin 1857.
  • The Royal State Tree Nursery and Gardening School in Potsdam: historical presentation of its foundation, effectiveness and results, along with contributions to culture. Wiegandt & Hempel, Berlin 1872.
  • Eduard von Schmidlin : Schmidlin's floriculture in the room. Magnificent illustrated edition. 2nd Edition. Berlin, 1873.

literature

  • Angela Pfennig (Hrsg.): The world a large garden: The royal Prussian court garden director Ferdinand Jühlke (1815-1893) . Catalog for the special exhibition of the same name (June 28 - October 6, 2002) in the Vineta Museum Barth. Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2002. ISBN 3-931836-88-6
  • Angela Pfennig: The influence of Ferdinand Jühlke (1815-1893) on the development of garden culture in the 19th century. (Dissertation). 2010. ( digitized version )
  • Angela Pfennig: "Tacitly forming the taste of the people". The influence of Ferdinand Jühlke (1815–1893) on the development of garden culture in the 19th century. In: Die Gartenkunst  23 (2/2011), pp. 273–326.
  • Gerd-Helge Vogel : From the Pomeranian crook to Sanssouci. Ferdinand Jühlke (1815-1893). A life for the garden (construction). Verlag Ludwig, Kiel 2016, ISBN 978-3-86935-266-4

Web links

Commons : Ferdinand Jühlke  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c H. Gaerdt: Joh. Bernh. Ferd. Jühlke †. In: Gartenflora - magazine for garden and flower studies. 42nd year, published by Paul Parey, Berlin 1893, pp. 481–484.
  2. ^ A b Angela Pfennig: Horticulture as a cultural task. The influence of Ferdinand Jühlke (1815–1893) on the development of garden culture in the 19th century. Dissertation at the Department of Landscape Architecture at HafenCity University Hamburg, Hamburg 2010, p. 21f.
  3. ^ Ferdinand Jühlke: Mittheilungen from the area of ​​the gardening of the royal. State and Agriculture Academy Eldena. In: Allgemeine Landwirthschaftliche Monatsschrift. Volume 5, 1841, pp. 38-53.
  4. ↑ Angela Pfennig: Horticulture as a cultural task. The influence of Ferdinand Jühlke (1815–1893) on the development of garden culture in the 19th century. Dissertation at the Department of Landscape Architecture at HafenCity University Hamburg, Hamburg 2010, p. 79.
  5. ↑ Ferdinand Jühlke: Pommer'scher Krummstiel. In: Eduard Lucas (Hrsg.), Johann Georg Cristoph Oberdieck (Hrsg.): Monthly magazine for pomology and practical fruit growing. 2nd volume, Verlag von Franz Köhler, Stuttgart 1856, pp. 73-74.
  6. ^ Waltraud Rüdiger-Wittler: On the topography and economic significance of the Erfurt horticultural companies. In: Association for the history and antiquity of Erfurt eV (Hrsg.), Steffen Raßloff (Hrsg.), Martin Baumann (Hrsg.): Blumenstadt Erfurt: Waid - Gartenbau - iga / egapark ; Sutton-Verlag, Erfurt 2011, ISBN 978-3-86680-812-6 , pp. 203-207.
  7. ↑ Jürgen Zerull: Development of the Erfurt garden shows. A demolition. In: Association for the history and antiquity of Erfurt eV (Hrsg.), Steffen Raßloff (Hrsg.), Martin Baumann (Hrsg.): Blumenstadt Erfurt: Waid - Gartenbau - iga / egapark ; Sutton-Verlag, Erfurt 2011, ISBN 978-3-86680-812-6 , pp. 208–222.
  8. ^ A b Angela Pfennig: Horticulture as a cultural task. The influence of Ferdinand Jühlke (1815–1893) on the development of garden culture in the 19th century. Dissertation at the Landscape Architecture Department of HafenCity University Hamburg, Hamburg 2010, p. 35.
  9. ↑ Angela Pfennig: Horticulture as a cultural task. The influence of Ferdinand Jühlke (1815–1893) on the development of garden culture in the 19th century. Dissertation at the Department of Landscape Architecture at HafenCity University Hamburg, Hamburg 2010, p. 39.
  10. ↑ Jühlke and his hometown Barth. In: Angela Pfennig (ed.): The world is a large garden: the royal Prussian court garden director Ferdinand Jühlke (1815–1893); Catalog for the special exhibition of the same name (June 28 - October 6, 2002) in the Vineta Museum Barth. Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-931836-88-6 , pp. 21-27.
  11. ^ Kurt Hassert:  Jühlke, Karl Ludwig . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 50, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1905, pp. 715-717.
  12. ↑ Angela Pfennig: Horticulture as a cultural task. The influence of Ferdinand Jühlke (1815–1893) on the development of garden culture in the 19th century. Dissertation at the Department of Landscape Architecture at HafenCity University Hamburg, Hamburg 2010, p. 45.
personal data
SURNAME Jühlke, Ferdinand
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jühlke, Johann Bernhard Ferdinand (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German horticultural teacher, horticultural author and garden designer
DATE OF BIRTH September 1, 1815
PLACE OF BIRTH Barth
DATE OF DEATH June 12, 1893
Place of death Potsdam