Royal State and Agricultural Academy Eldena

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The article needs to be revised: The academy was not part of the university, but independent and only connected to the university via the head, possibly. Confusion with later agr. Faculty after WWII? see discussion
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The Royal State and Agricultural Academy Eldena was a teaching institution in Eldena near Greifswald that existed from 1835 to 1876 .

location

Contemporary depiction of the ruins of the monastery in Eldena

At that time Eldena was a place near the Hanseatic city of Greifswald . The faculty was established in the area of the Eldena Monastery , which was secularized in 1535 . The monastery with land of 14,400 hectares was donated to the university in 1634 by Bogislaw XIV , the last Duke of Pomerania. This ensured the economic survival of the University of Greifswald. The buildings also served the university as a quarry in the following decades and were no longer used.

history

At the time it was founded, the academy was affiliated to the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Greifswald. It was the first time that a training center was established in Prussia , at which university agricultural training was made possible in close connection with practice. Friedrich Gottlob Schulze , who previously taught at the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena , was appointed as the first director and professor to lead the institution at the University of Greifswald. He reports of difficult beginnings, as there were only bad roads between Eldena and Greifswald and he found buildings in Greifswald that looked like ruins. A former sheepfold served as the first auditorium , and apartments for oneself and other teachers were hard to find. On March 22, 1835, Schulze reported to the University of Greifswald that teaching would begin on May 18, 1835. It started with 22 students, some of whom had followed Schulze from Jena.

The academy grew rapidly, and by the third semester there were 64 students enrolled. At the same time, only a little more than 100 students were enrolled in Greifswald. The success of the academy aroused the resentment of the Greifswald professors. Schulze ended his activity after four years and reopened his institute in Jena. By this time, 213 students had studied in Eldena. The reason was constant quarrels with the Greifswald professors about the filling of the positions and his dissatisfaction with the fact that he received too little support in his own subject area, political and camera science . During his military service as a one-year volunteer in 1838/39, Otto von Bismarck was a guest student at the Academy in Eldena and probably had to spend some time in prison there.

Former academy building at Hainstrasse 5, today forest office

Heinrich Wilhelm von Pabst was appointed as Schulz's successor and continued the development work in the spirit of his predecessor. Schulz's departure is cited today as an example of the fact that there were differences at the time about the extent to which teaching in agriculture should be scientific or more practical. The lack of scientific knowledge later led to all German academies, with the exception of Weihenstephan , being closed as university institutions. In the time of Pabst, the buildings and facilities were rebuilt or modernized and completed. Carl August Peter Menzel drew up most of the plans, including the one for the new main building, which was not implemented. Pabst left the academy in 1843. The new director, Eduard Baumstark , wrote later that the academy could only be seen as founded when all the buildings were completed at the end of 1842.

Of the students at the University of Greifswald from what was then the Russian Empire , 134 out of 192 people, almost 70% attended the Eldena Academy. The majority were Baltic Germans . The model economy built up in Eldena with the associated training from theory and practice was an incentive for the Baltic landowners to give their successors good training , especially after the agricultural institute at the University of Dorpat was closed again after only a short existence. The microscopy exercises and chemical analyzes, which were part of the training, illustrate the connection between theoretical and practical training. Students in Eldena were officially enrolled at the Philosophical Faculty in Greifswald. In practice, however, this was of little importance and hardly any lectures were attended by them in Greifswald. Another reason for visiting the academy was certainly the easy access. For foreign students this consisted only of a police clearance certificate and the father's declaration of consent, without any special educational background being required.

90 students from Poland attended the academy. In the early years of Eldena, the majority of Poles who enrolled in Greifswald studied in Eldena. After an agricultural teaching institute had also opened in Proskau in Silesia in 1847 , there were hardly any Polish students in Eldena. Only 11 people came from Hungary, which is relatively less than 10% of the Hungarian students in Greifswald. Until 1870 there was one student from Holland from other countries, 16 students from Denmark, Norway and Sweden, one student from Turkey and two students each from North and South America. After 1860, the attendance of foreign students decreased noticeably, because at that time training opportunities were created in the respective home countries.

In the second half of the 19th century, most agricultural academies were either affiliated to a university or closed. For too long they had been reluctant to embrace new scientific knowledge. Ferdinand Jühlke, as head of the horticultural department, was against the "ongoing scientification of teaching, which leads to restrictions in practical training."

The academy's library was acquired by the Greifswald University Library. In 1877 3,500 volumes were taken over and in 1922 another 2,247 volumes. Today a significant part of the historical holdings in the field of agriculture consists of this takeover.

A total of 1,400 students had attended the academy during its roughly 40-year existence. The curriculum was tightly organized and gave them little freedom in organizing their time during the usually two-year course. A special feature of the time was that the students spoke on their terms .

The monastery grounds on which the academy was located was owned by the University of Greifswald until 1939.

Agricultural school

Even after university training was no longer offered in Eldena, it remained a location for agricultural, horticultural and forestry training. The agricultural school was renamed "Mackensen-Schule" in 1933 and after the war-related closure in the Second World War after 1950 in the GDR it became an agricultural engineering school. After reunification, the buildings will house a vocational school, among other things.

Institutes

Horticulture

During its existence, the academy expanded its facilities, teaching and research resources and collections extensively in order to meet its claim that teaching and research form an inseparable unit. In the horticultural apprenticeship, for which 3 semesters were planned, the subject areas "commercial plant cultivation", "vegetable gardening apprenticeship", "fruit growing apprenticeship" and "landscape art as horticultural apprenticeship" were combined. The academic gardener Ferdinand Jühlke taught horticulture from the beginning as part of the practical training. From the winter semester of 1843/44 it was an independent subject. From then on, Jühlke gave full lessons in fruit tree cultivation, rural beautification, general cultivation of forest plants, fruit and wood cultivation, agricultural kitchen gardening, beautification of rural properties, vegetable gardening and horticulture in its relationship to agriculture. Hugo Schober wrote in 1843 that the lessons with Jühlke had many uses and a noble, pure pleasure, but that it could only be appropriate in the rarest of cases for a farmer to create gardens and parks which should only be used for pleasure.

Approximately 4 hectares of academic gardens were laid out, almost completely surrounding the new farm yard and the academy building. Ferdinand Jühlke, who was responsible for the care of all fruit and horticultural facilities, saw the purpose of the gardens and tree nurseries in the testing of new cultivars and the example of practical agriculture in order to enable those who work there to earn a higher income. He also drew up an ideal plan for the construction of a 1.5 hectare test garden at each agricultural school. In the practical horticultural apprenticeship in Eldena, new types of fruit, vegetables and trees were grown and tested. New cutting and drainage methods were also experimented with. New machines such as the steam plow and new operating equipment such as heaters for greenhouses were used. Questions about fertilization and the influence of electricity on plant growth were also scientifically processed. The department was in contact with scientists, gardeners and tree nursery owners from all over Europe.

Personalities

Heinrich Wilhelm von Pabst

Directors

Professors

students

literature

  • Werner Hoffmann: 125 years of agricultural educational establishments in Eldena near Greifswald in a commemorative publication of the technical school for agriculture and melioration Greifswald-Eldena on the 125th anniversary and 10th anniversary of the democratic technical school on May 25, 1960 , Greifswald-Eldena, 1960, p 9-13

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Chronicle of the University of Greifswald ( Memento of the original from December 18, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on November 8, 2014) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.uni-greifswald.de
  2. ↑ a b The ruined monastery on greifswald-eldena.de , accessed on November 8, 2014
  3. ↑ Dirk Alvermann , Nils Jörn , Jens E. Olesen : The University of Greifswald in the educational landscape of the Baltic Sea region , LIT Verlag Münster, 2007, ISBN 9783825801892 , p. 71
  4. ↑ a b c d Heinz Duchhardt (editor): Yearbook for European History Volume 6, Oldenbourg Verlag, 2005, p. 40 ff. Preview at googlebooks
  5. ↑ The Academy on greifswald-eldena.de , accessed on November 9, 2014
  6. ^ TA Goltz : History of German Agriculture , Cotta publishing house, Stuttgart 1902/03, p. 167 ff. Online at googlebooks
  7. ^ TA Goltz : History of German Agriculture , Cotta publishing house, Stuttgart 1902/03, p. 125 online at googlebooks
  8. ↑ a b Angela Pfennig: The world is a large garden: the royal Prussian court garden director Ferdinand Jühlke (1815-1893) , Lukas Verlag, 2002, p. 64/65 ISBN 9783931836887
  9. ↑ Eckhard Oberdörfer, Horst Dieter Schroeder: A jolly prison. Greifswald detention stories in words and pictures , Schernfeld, Edition Studentica im SH-Verlag, 1991, p. 68 (based on a book review available online )
  10. ↑ Dirk Alvermann, Nils Jörn, Jens E. Olesen: The University of Greifswald in the educational landscape of the Baltic Sea region, LIT Verlag Münster, 2007, ISBN 9783825801892 , p. 344/345
  11. ↑ Dirk Alvermann, Nils Jörn, Jens E. Olesen: The University of Greifswald in the educational landscape of the Baltic Sea region, LIT Verlag Münster, 2007, ISBN 9783825801892 , p. 378
  12. ↑ Dirk Alvermann, Nils Jörn, Jens E. Olesen: The University of Greifswald in the educational landscape of the Baltic Sea region, LIT Verlag Münster, 2007, ISBN 9783825801892 , p. 394
  13. ↑ Federal Association for Agricultural Nutrition and Environment: Development of agricultural academic training online as a pdf ( memento of the original from September 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.vdl.de
  14. ↑ Angela Pfennig: The world a large garden: the Royal Prussian court garden director Ferdinand Jühlke (1815-1893) , Lukas Verlag, 2002, p. 49 ISBN 9783931836887
  15. ↑ Felicitas Marwinski, Friedhilde Krause, Eberhard Dünninger, Friedhilde Krause, Gerhard Heitz, Karen Kloth: Handbook of historical book stocks. Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Brandenburg , Georg Olms Verlag, pp. 59 and 76, ISBN 3487416832
  16. ↑ Hans-Uwe Lammel, Gisela Boeck: Daughter or sister - the University of Greifswald from Rostock's point of view , presentations of the interdisciplinary lecture series of the working group “Rostock University and Science History” in the winter semester 2006/07, p. 28 ( online as pdf )
  17. ↑ Eldena monastery ruins on the website of the German Association for Housing, Urban Development and Spatial Planning (accessed June 28, 2015)
  18. ↑ Angela Pfennig: Land beautification through fruit growing in Northern Pomerania and Rügen - The tree nurseries of the royal state and agricultural academy Eldena in Sylvia Butenschön (ed.): Early tree nurseries in Germany , University Press of the Technical University of Berlin, 2012, p. 175
  19. ↑ Andrea Pfennig, p. 176
  20. ↑ Andrea Pfennig, p. 176
  21. ↑ Angela Pfennig: Land beautification through fruit growing in North Western Pomerania and Rügen - The tree nurseries of the royal state and agricultural academy Eldena , p. 177


Coordinates: 54 ° 5 ′ 17.9 ″  N , 13 ° 26 ′ 59 ″  E