Eldena (Greifswald)

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Eldena monastery ruins

Eldena is a district of the Hanseatic city of Greifswald . The place goes back to the Eldena monastery (originally called Hilda ) founded at the end of the 12th century , which was built by Danish Cistercian monks on the south bank of the mouth of the Ryck in the Danish Wiek . With an area of ​​675.5 hectares, Eldena is the largest district of Greifswald.

history

"Ruine Eldena", oil painting by Caspar David Friedrich (1825)
Seal mark , Direction of the Agricultural School in Eldena

Outside the monastery area, there is several archaeological evidence of settlements since the Neolithic, through the Bronze and Late Slavic times, which shows that the area was settled early.

Eldena was mentioned in documents as Hilda 1193-1199. In the confirmation document of Pope Innocent III. from 1204 it was called "Hilda sive Ilda". This name remained for the local monastery until 1302 in different spellings and partly even afterwards. 1302 was first mentioned as Eldena .

At first the place consisted mainly of the monastery, its farm yard and a post mill . In 1248 one of the monastery's outbuildings was mentioned in a document, it was Bernardeshagen , which still appears in documents until 1250, but then probably became desolate or went up in other places. It was in the direction of Greifswald and was probably associated with Koitenhagen , Diedrichshagen , Schönwalde or the later "Abbeteswald". From 1280 a grangie to the monastery is mentioned in a document, it is the settlement Abbeteswald (abbot's forest), other spellings are also known until 1298. Grangien are monastic outposts that were mostly created in the forest, which was then cleared and the cleared area turned into farms. The location of the Grangie "Abbeteswald" is not known because it was desolate after 1298 or it was renamed to another village in the monastery area.

After the monastery was secularized in 1535 , a farm and a jug were added on the way to the Wiecker ferry . In 1634 the ducal office of Eldena was donated to the University of Greifswald . This leased their newly acquired land.

In 1835 a Royal State and Agricultural Academy was founded in Eldena . After a road to Greifswald was built in 1840/41, mainly academy employees settled here. In 1876 the academy was dissolved. There was also an agricultural school with a pomological institute, which moved to a new building in 1910 and was used there until the 1990s with changing names - including between 1946 and 1950 as the university's agricultural faculty - serving agricultural vocational training.

In 1898 Eldena was connected to the Greifswald – Wolgast (KGW) small railway . The population increased from 462 in 1845 to 733 in 1900. In 1937 the city of Greifswald acquired the lands belonging to the university and in 1939 Eldena was incorporated into Greifswald.

After 1950 and after the fall of the Wall , large residential estates were built. The population has increased more rapidly since the 1990s and reached 1994 in 2004. Since 1980 the Eldena Jazz Evenings have taken place in the ruined monastery, which is also used for other open-air events.

Brewery

Remains of the beer cellar (entrance)

A brewery also belonged to Eldena's business operations . Originally operated by the monks, after the secularization of the monastery property, it initially belonged to the ducal court of Eldena. In 1837, the manor brewery, which had meanwhile been donated to the University of Greifswald and leased, fell victim to a major fire, but was rebuilt that same year. In June 1877 Konrad Becker leased the university estates Eldena and Koitenhagen and with it the brewery, which he immediately enlarged. In 1932, however, the brewery had to cease operations because it was no longer able to cope with the competition with the Hinrichsschen brewery in Greifswald.

Some of the water required for brewing beer was taken from the Koitenhäger Bach, which is why it was also called "Bierbach", as evidenced by the street name "Am Bierbach" in Eldena.

Only the monastic "Eldena beer cellar" located on the Boddenweg remains from the brewery today. Today it is used by priority bat species as winter quarters and is therefore subject to nature conservation law. Today, the Bierbach is drained from just behind the Rehbruch in the Eldena nature reserve and instead flows only through the Hohe Graben .

Eldena lido and Eldena dike

The lido in 2009 after the redesign

The Eldena bathing establishment was established in the mid-19th century and has been associated with the establishment of seaside baths on the North and Baltic Seas since the end of the 18th century. Towards the end of the 19th century, the seaside resort also gained relevance for tourism. The Eldenaer sandy beach was only expanded to its present size in 1971/72 by the flushing of sea sand. In GDR times, up to 15,000 GDR citizens from all over the republic visited the lido every day in the summer months. However, since the reunification and the associated freedom to travel, the national importance of the lido has decreased significantly again.

The beach area including the green strip behind it was leveled in September and October 2008 in order to be able to build a dike. The "Deich Eldena" is part of the Greifswald flood protection system, which was funded 70 percent by the federal government and 30 percent by the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania as part of the joint federal and state task "Improvement of the agricultural structure and coastal protection". It is 923 meters long and comprises around 85,000 m³ of earth. After the construction of the dike, the Ryck barrage was built and the Wieck dike was converted.

The embankment on the bottom side of the dike can again be used as a sunbathing area for the upstream lido. The lido can be reached via two entrances (Yachtweg, from the Wiecker side, and Boddenweg, from the Eldenaer side). There is a designated nudist area on the southern Eldena beach section. Between Eldenaer Strand and Wolgaster Straße, as part of the further tourist development of Greifswald, the camping facility on the Danish Wieck Greifswald-Eldena was opened on July 1, 2014 on a no longer usable site . The almost square facility with a total area of ​​one hectare offered 50 parking spaces for caravans as well as a meadow for tents, the campsite is no longer open to the general public in 2017.

Since GDR times there has been a 23 m high beacon in the Eldena district on Wolgaster Straße, Rostocker Straße junction, in the middle of the settlement as a navigation sign (guide light, sector light) with a range of 10 nautical miles for the Greifswald-Wieck harbor entrance .

Attractions

  • Ruins of the Eldena monastery with walled-in grave slabs of Eldena abbots, as well as other personalities (e.g. Knight von Lepel).
  • Post mill at the entrance to the village from Greifswald
  • Academy Building, Hainstraße 5 (Forestry Department), from 1834 to 1836 according to plans by CA Menzel built
  • Agricultural and engineering school (vocational school), Hainstrasse 13, built in 1910
  • Residential house with classicist facade decor, Wolgaster Straße 14, from the middle of the 19th century
  • Gravestone and memorial stone of the German poet of Jewish origin Georg Engel in Elisenhain
  • Memorial stone for the farm worker and chairman of the KPD local group Eldena, Franz Wehrstedt (1899–1933), murdered by the SA on July 2, 1933 , on the site of the former Greifswald-Eldena coast water management department on the south bank of the Ryck. The following inscription was carved into the stone: Franz Wehrstedt, 18.6. 1899 - 2.7. 1933. Murdered by the fascists

  • Post mill in Eldena

  • Regional And Local thatched cottage

  • Former agricultural school in Hainstrasse

  • Old monastery barn

  • Monastery ruins in winter

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

Personalities who have worked on site

Eldena as namesake

  • A passenger ship that operated from 1956 to 1991 for the Stralsund shipping company White Fleet on the Western Pomeranian Bodden waters was named MS Eldena . As today's restaurant ship Sturmvogel , it is moored in the port of Freest .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ On the city's history at Greifswald.de
  2. ↑ a b c Manfred Niemeyer: Ostvorpommern . Collection of sources and literature on place names. Vol. 2: Mainland. (= Greifswald contributions to toponymy. Vol. 2), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Institute for Slavic Studies, Greifswald 2001, ISBN 3-86006-149-6 . P. 7 ff
  3. ↑ ELDENA in Meyers Great Conversational Lexicon . Volume 5. Leipzig 1906, p. 598. at Zeno.org
  4. ^ Lutz Mohr: A foray and guide through the Greifswald districts of Eldena and Friedrichshagen in the past and present , 2nd edition, Greifswald 1979, p. 28.
  5. ↑ Lutz Mohr: A foray and guide through the Greifswald districts of Eldena and Friedrichshagen in the past and present , 2nd edition, Greifswald 1979, p. 28 f.
  6. ^ Lutz Mohr: A foray and guide through the Greifswald districts of Eldena and Friedrichshagen in the past and present , 2nd edition, Greifswald 1979, p. 29. For the Hinrichsschen brewery see Bernfried Lichtnau: Architecture in Greifswald from 1900 to the present , in : Horst Wernicke (Ed.): Greifswald. History of the city , Schwerin 2000, p. 493 f.
  7. ↑ Lutz Mohr: A foray and guide through the Greifswald districts of Eldena and Friedrichshagen in the past and present , 2nd edition, Greifswald 1979, p. 29.
  8. ↑ a b Lutz Mohr: A foray and guide through the Greifswald districts of Eldena and Friedrichshagen in the past and present , 2nd edition, Greifswald 1979, p. 40.
  9. ↑ a b Lutz Mohr: A foray and guide through the Greifswald districts of Eldena and Friedrichshagen in the past and present , 2nd edition, Greifswald 1979, p. 41.
  10. ↑ Camping Greifswald

literature

  • Rudolf Biederstedt : Investigations into the settlement history of the Greifswald suburbs and districts . In: Baltic Studies . New series vol. 77. NG Elwert, Marburg 1991, p. 76-78 .
  • Lutz Mohr : A foray and guide through the Greifswald districts of Eldena and Friedrichshagen in the past and present , Neue Greifswalder Museumshefte , No. 1/1977, 2nd ext. Edition Greifswald 1979.

Web links

Commons : Eldena  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 54 ° 5 ′ 27 ″  N , 13 ° 26 ′ 49 ″  E