Eldena nature reserve

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Fungal trunk

The Eldena nature reserve (NSG Eldena) is a forest designated as a nature reserve in the southeast of the Hanseatic city of Greifswald in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . It was placed under protection on March 30, 1961 and covers an area of ​​407.1 ha.

Elisenhain

Georg Engels tombstone

The north-western part of the forest is also called Elisenhain , which is why the NSG is sometimes incorrectly referred to as the NSG Elisenhain. The name Elisenhain goes back to the fact that in 1825 Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria , the wife of the later King Friedrich Wilhelm IV. , Wandered through the forest. The small railway line Greifswald – Lubmin of the small railway company Greifswald – Wolgast ran through this part of the forest from its commissioning in 1898 to its dismantling in 1945 . On the southern edge of the grove is also the memorial stone of the Greifswald writer Georg Engel , under which his ashes rest. In the Greifswalders' natural treasure, which has been popular since time immemorial, in earlier times, in the years before and after the First World War (1914–1918), there was a larger restaurant that was later demolished. As its gastronomic successor, so to speak, the heavily frequented consumer restaurant “Waldhaus”, also popularly known as “Hasenbar”, was built at the entrance to the Elisenhain in Hainstraße, which was converted into a residential building after reunification.

Ownership

The former large wooded area, in which today's NSG Eldena is located, was given to the Eldena Monastery, founded in 1199, by Rügen prince Jaromar I in a document from 1207. Since the rulership in the area was by no means clear and final, this donation was confirmed in 1208 by Pomeranian Duke Casimir II , in 1216 by King Waldemar II of Denmark , in 1218 by Pomeranian Duke Bogislaw II and in 1221 by Rügen Prince Barnuta . With the secularization of the monastery in 1535, the monastery goods became the property of the Dukes of Pomerania. In 1634, the goods were donated by the last Pomeranian Duke, Bogislaw XIV. , To the ownership of the University of Greifswald, which was founded in 1456 . Due to the land reform of 1945, the university lost large parts of its landed property and also of its university forest. After the university forest in the GDR had been subordinated to government agencies, the university's forest was completely expropriated in 1962 and became the legal entity of the state forestry enterprise Wolgast. After the reunification, the university got back a large part of its former property.

information sign

The university forest is now a corporate forest of the university within the meaning of § 3 BWaldG in conjunction with § 4 paragraph 2 LWaldG MV .

Legal regime and management

The forest administration of the University of Greifswald is responsible for the management of the forest. In the NSG there are three total reserves with a total area of ​​27 hectares that are not cultivated. The Elisenhain, the largest of the total reserves, is one of them. Since there is an increased risk of accidents from falling branches and falling trees due to non-management, appropriate warning signs were set up in this area in November 2007.

In terms of water management, the NSG is the responsibility of the Ryck-Ziese Water and Soil Association . The south-western part of the forest is also in protection zone III of the Groß Schönwalde drinking water protection area .

Forest paths and signage

Information board in Hainstrasse

The NSG is traversed by paved and unpaved forest paths. Some of these forest trails are part of the European long-distance hiking trail E9 . There are many display boards on the edges to explain flora, fauna and the balance of nature . There are also information boards at the main entrances to the NSG.

flora

Small depression on the wayside
Fungal branch

Trees

Until the 19th century, the forest was managed as a medium-sized forest, which promoted the expansion of hornbeam and oak . In addition, the forest was used as forest pasture for farm animals (horses, cattle, sheep and especially pigs), which favored the spread of the fast-growing softwood species alder , willow and birch . Between 1820 and 1850, the use of forest space was largely abolished due to advances by Prussian forestry; by 1886 the forest was completely converted into a high forest .

The tree population of the deciduous forest today includes red beech , English oak , sycamore maple , ash , sycamore elm and hornbeam. In the many hollows of the forest, the high groundwater level has enabled the formation of swamps and alder forests .

Attractant traps are distributed in the forest to control pests .

Other green plants

In spring the forest floor is covered extensively with wood anemones.

Mushrooms

Tree fungi grow on many tree stumps, trunks and fallen branches ( dead wood ) . A total of 352 mushroom species have been registered in the NSG so far.

fauna

Birds

Of the bird species resident in the NSG, the common buzzard , honey buzzard , goshawk , sparrowhawk and red kite should be mentioned in particular .

Water balance and water management

The entire NSG is crossed by smaller drainage ditches. The main part of this trench system was created in the 19th century. The resulting change in the water balance (especially the strong reduction in fracture surfaces ) also had an impact on the vegetation.

Bierbach

Remains of the beer cellar on Boddenweg (entrance)

The so-called Bierbach (originally: Koitenhäger Bach ) also flows through the nature reserve . It got its name from the fact that the Eldenaer beer brewery , which was operated until 1932, partly covered its water needs by taking it from the stream.

The Bierbach originally flowed further northwest out of the NSG, along the unpaved path to the allotment garden colonies, the Eldenaer streets “Kurzer Weg” and “Am Bierbach”, past the village pond on the street “Am Teich”, which was reduced in size in 1976 in favor of a parking lot, and then along the Boddenweg past the monastery beer cellar, which is now used by priority bat species as winter quarters and is therefore also under nature conservation law, towards Greifswalder Bodden .

Since 2008 at the latest, the Bierbach has been drained from just behind the Rehbruch in the NSG and instead flows only through the Hohen Graben , which already leaves the NSG towards Greifswalder Bodden at the Große Wiese / Eichenbrink . However, the original stream is still marked on the information boards at the main entrances to the NSG.

Fish ponds

In the forest, parallel to one of the forest paths, there are several ponds, one behind the other and through which the Bierbach flows, which were previously dammed and were used for fish farming ( trout , pike and carp ).

Geology and geography

As in the rest of the area, the subsoil was shaped by glaciers, especially in the Vistula Ice Age ( young moraine landscape ).

The highest elevation of the NSG is the Ebertberg in the southern part with a height of 29.5 m above sea level. NN.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Lutz Mohr: A foray and guide through the Greifswald districts of Eldena and Friedrichshagen in the past and present , 2nd edition, Greifswald 1979, p. 35.
  2. ^ Lutz Mohr: A foray and guide through the Greifswald districts of Eldena and Friedrichshagen in the past and present , 2nd edition, Greifswald 1979, pp. 35 and 29.
  3. ^ Gerhard Hess: The cultural-geographic development of the academic villages Koitenhagen, Groß-Schönwalde, Klein-Schönwalde and Weitenhagen-Potthagen on a historical-geographical basis . at the same time dissertation. Ed .: Univ. Greifswald. 1957, p. 21st f .
  4. ^ Lutz Mohr: A foray and guide through the Greifswald districts of Eldena and Friedrichshagen in the past and present , 2nd edition, Greifswald 1979, p. 26.
  5. ↑ a b University property : expropriations in the GDR era. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 27, 2009 .;
  6. ↑ a b Greifswald-Eldena - Elisenhain nature reserve. Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania travel guide, MV 3. (No longer available online.) Federal Environment Agency, archived from the original on June 20, 2007 .;
  7. ↑ See on this and the following landscape ecological excursions in the Greifswald area. (PDF; 6.9 MB) (No longer available online.) P. 9 f , archived from the original on April 13, 2014 . ;Eldena nature reserve. (Page is still under construction). Gerhard Hess: The cultural-geographical development of the academic villages Koitenhagen, Groß-Schönwalde, Klein-Schönwalde and Weitenhagen-Potthagen on a historical-geographical basis . at the same time dissertation. Ed .: Univ. Greifswald. 1957, p.

     69 and 81 .
  8. ↑ Hanns Kreisel, Norbert Amelang: The mushroom flora of the urban area of ​​Greifswald . Greifswald 2001, p. 11 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.uni-egoswald.de
  9. ^ Lutz Mohr: A foray and guide through the Greifswald districts of Eldena and Friedrichshagen in the past and present , 2nd edition, Greifswald 1979, p. 37.
  10. ↑ Landscape ecology excursions in the Greifswald area. (PDF; 6.9 MB) (No longer available online.) P. 10 , archived from the original on April 13, 2014 .;
  11. ^ Lutz Mohr: A foray and guide through the Greifswald districts Eldena and Friedrichshagen in the past and present , 2nd edition, Greifswald 1979, p. 29.
  12. ^ Lutz Mohr: A foray and guide through the Greifswald districts of Eldena and Friedrichshagen in the past and present , 2nd edition, Greifswald 1979, p. 34.

literature

  • Lutz Mohr : A foray and guide through the Greifswald districts of Eldena and Friedrichshagen in the past and present , 2nd edition, Greifswald 1979, in particular pp. 35 to 37.
  • Jana Kwasniowski: The soils of the Eldena nature reserve , Univ. Greifswald, 2000.
  • Almut Spangenberg: 2000 years of forest development on sites rich in nutrients and bases in the Central European Young Pleistocene - case study of the Eldena nature reserve (Western Pomerania, Germany) , also diss., Univ. Greifswald, 2008.

Web links

Commons : Eldena Nature Reserve  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 54 ° 4 ′ 17 ″  N , 13 ° 27 ′ 49 ″  E