Gothensee

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gothensee
Gothensee from the viewing point Siebenseenblick.JPG
The Gothensee from the observation tower "Siebenseenblick"
Geographical location Usedom
Tributaries Bakery
Drain Sack Canal (since 1819)
Beek
Places on the shore Heringsdorf , districts of Bansin , Gothen and Sallenthin
Location close to the shore Świnoujście (Swinoujscie)
Data
Coordinates 53 ° 56 '24 "  N , 14 ° 6' 58"  E Coordinates: 53 ° 56 '24 "  N , 14 ° 6' 58"  E
Gothensee (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
Gothensee
Altitude above sea level 0  m above sea level HN
surface 5.56 km²
length 6.685 km
width 1.488 km
volume 6,800,000 m³
Maximum depth 2.2 m
Middle deep 1.25 m
PH value 9.3
Catchment area 56.1 km²
Template: Infobox See / Maintenance / PH VALUE

The Gothensee is a lake lying on the island of Usedom in the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . It is located in the southwestern part of the Heringsdorf community . It has a length of around 5.3 kilometers, a width of about 1.3 kilometers and an average depth of 1.25 meters. The Gothensee is one of the larger lakes in Western Pomerania . It is located in a mixed deciduous forest in the Usedom Island Nature Park and is almost completely surrounded by a belt of reeds. Due to the shallow depth of the lake and the earlier discharge of sewage water, the lake water is heavily clouded and there are hardly any plants. The lakeshore is an ideal breeding and resting area for many birds.

The Gothensee is located in the northern part of the Thurbruch Basin, a depression created at the end of the last Ice Age by the melting of a block of dead ice . This had a connection to the Baltic Sea via the Schloonseesenke and the Parchenniederung near Ahlbeck . During the Littorina transgression, the inflow silted up over the Schloonseesenke. A process of peat bogging the valley began, in which the Gothensee and the Kachliner See remained as residual lakes.

In the 19th century, great efforts were made to gain new pastureland in the area of ​​the Gothensee and the adjacent Thurbruch through drainage measures. For this purpose, the Sack Canal , named after the President of the Province of Pomerania, Johann August Sack , was dug from the Gothensee over the Schloonsee to the Baltic Sea, through which the Thurbruch is still drained today. Before that, the Beek was the lake's only outflow. By 1860, the Gothensee was even completely drained by means of wind and steam driven pumping stations. The company had benefited from a previous drought of several years. However, it turned out to be unprofitable to maintain this state in the long term. The lake was filled again in 1890.

The "Schloon" mentioned by Theodor Fontane in his novel Effi Briest (1895), a mysterious connection between the Gothensee and the Baltic Sea with special symbolism, corresponds to the position of the mouth of the Sack Canal into the Baltic Sea.

In 1967, the “Gothensee and Thurbruch” nature reserve was designated on an area of ​​800 hectares . At that time, 30 breeding pairs of the mute swans were counted at the lake . The only breeding colony of Black Terns within a radius of 60 kilometers was also here. A species-rich underwater flora was also found in the Gothensee. However, in the mid-1980s, the lake's ecological system collapsed. A lack of oxygen and an excessive input of nutrients, caused by the discharge of waste water from municipal and private disposal systems as well as from agriculture, were the causes of the disappearance of large parts of the animal and plant world. After the inflow of sewage has been greatly reduced since the 1990s, a gradual improvement in water quality can be observed.

See also

Web links

Commons : Gothensee  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Documentation of the condition and development of the most important lakes in Germany: Part 2 Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (PDF; 3.5 MB)
  2. ^ Wilhelm H. Pantenius, Claus Schönert: Between Haff and Heringsdorf - The Thurbruch on Usedom . Neuendorf Verlag, Neubrandenburg 1999, ISBN 3-931897-11-7 , pp. 8-11.
  3. ^ Theodor Fontane: Effi Briest . Chapter 19