Johann August Sack

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Johann August Sack

Johann August Sack (born October 7, 1764 in Kleve ; † June 28, 1831 in Stettin ) was a senior Prussian civil servant. From 1816 to 1831 he was President of the Province of Pomerania and holder of the Order of the Red Eagle .

life and work

The son of Carl August Sack (1721–1810), a criminal judge in Kleve, and Margarethe Gertrude, née Nottermann (1736–1799), was a nephew of Simon Heinrich Sack . He attended the grammar school in Kleve and the Joachimicum in Berlin. From 1782 he studied law and camera science in Halle . He continued his studies in Göttingen from 1784 .

Johann August Sack started an administrative career in 1785 and worked as an auscultator for the government in Kleve. Here he mainly dealt with mining and metallurgy. In 1788 he was appointed mountain ridge and mountain judge in Wetter . As the legal advisor of the War and Domain Chamber in Kleve in 1792, he was subordinate to the then chamber president Freiherr vom Stein . In 1793, under Stein's guidance, he conducted negotiations with General Hoche about the Prussian possessions on the left bank of the Rhine. Promoted to the top secret finance council, he went to the general directorate in Berlin the following year.

On January 5, 1799, he married Marianne Gertrude Johanna nee von Reimann (1776-1851) in Kleve. The marriage remained childless.

In 1806 he was after the flight of King Friedrich Wilhelm III. Civil governor in Berlin and, after the Peace of Tilsit, chairman of the Immediate Commission. After “ the complete evacuation of the country from foreign troops ”, the king appointed him at the beginning of December 1808 “ Secret State Council and Upper President of Kurmarck, Neumark and Pomerania, with 600 Rthr. annual salary. “He worked closely with Freiherr vom Stein and tried to continue the Stein-Hardenberg reforms even after his fall at the end of 1808 . At the end of 1810, Sack moved to the Ministry of the Interior, where he initially headed the " Department of the General Police ", then from May 1812 headed the " Department of Commerce and Industry ".

On the basis of a cabinet order issued by the highest authority from Wroclaw on March 15, 1813 , four military governments (1813-1815) were set up for tactical military reasons and the general commission for billeting, catering and marching was suspended. As the leadership of the so-called 1st military government between the Elbe and Oder, Johann August was named civil governor and Anton Wilhelm von L'Estocq as military governor . They commissioned the government building inspector Salomo Sachs to organize and carry out the billeting of troops passing through . For this purpose they provided him with an office and staff to cope with the extensive work.

In 1814 Johann August Sack first became governor in the Generalgouvernement Niederrhein within the framework of the central administration department and then Oberpräsident of the Rhine province . Due to quarrels with the royal government, he was transferred to the province of Pomerania as senior president two years later . At the same time he took over the office of regional president in Szczecin . One of his first tasks was to classify the former Swedish Pomerania in the provincial administration.

In 1818, Johann August Sack carried out the district reform against resolute resistance from circles of the Pomeranian aristocracy, only in the administrative district of Köslin did the districts of Friedrich Wilhelm I (especially the large district of principality ) exist.

The promotion of the economy after the Napoleonic Wars was a particular goal for him. It stimulated numerous public projects that had previously had to remain in the background. This included the fortification of the dunes near Peenemünde . The herring fishing he promoted through investment of fishermen colonies, from which, among others, on the island of Usedom places Ahlbeck , Heringsdorf , Karl Hagen and Zinnowitz emerged.

Also on Usedom, he resumed the draining of the Thurbruch, which had already begun under Friedrich II , to gain agricultural land. With 5000 Reichstalers he was able to improve 6000 acres of land. The Sack Canal , built as a branch canal between the Gothensee and the Baltic Sea to drain the Thurbruch , still bears his name today.

At the instigation of Johann August Sack, the expansion of the port of Swinoujscie was completed in 1820 . The simultaneous deepening of the Swine and the Oder allowed seagoing ships to sail as far as Stettin. The Szczecin merchants united on his initiative in 1821 to form the “Korporation der Stettiner Kaufmannschaft”. In 1822 the first road from Berlin to Stettin was completed, and in 1828 construction began to go to Western Pomerania .

With the introduction of the provincial parliaments in 1823, Johann August Sack was appointed as royal commissioner. In 1824, at the suggestion of Sack, the commemoration of the introduction of Christianity by Bishop Otto von Bamberg served to strengthen the Pomeranian feeling of belonging . Johann August Sack also emerged as co-founder and first president of the Society for Pomeranian History and Archeology . On his orders, finds made during construction had to be reported. He had the Pomeranian Provincial Archives reorganized.

In 1830 he founded an association for the upbringing of morally neglected children in Stettin, bought a piece of land in nearby Züllchow and built the Züllchow rescue house there, which he did not live to see opening on August 2, 1831.

Honors

Johann August Sack was made an honorary citizen of Szczecin on August 3, 1821. He was the first to receive this honor. The University of Halle awarded him an honorary doctorate in the same year.

In his honor, the 1829 east of Rügenwalde in the district of Schlawe i. Pom. The colony of Sackshöhe (now in Polish Zakrzewo) was named.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Order of the Red Eagle , accessed on June 7, 2012.
  2. ↑ a b Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
  3. ^ Family Councilor of the Hofrat Simon Heinrich Sack'sche Family Foundation : The Silver Book of the Sack Family , 4th edition volume "Genealogie" In: Deutsches Familienarchive Vol. 73, 1980, page XIX
  4. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 13558, fol. 1 r
  5. ↑ Law collection for the Royal Prussian States 1810, p. 10 u. 1812, p. 44.
  6. ^ Secret State Archives Prussian Cultural Heritage Military Governments 1813-1815 Authority History Archive Database 1.HA Rep. 91C Introduction
  7. ↑ Wolfgang Dahle: confidante of his "good Pomeranians". Reformer and organizer Johann August Sack. In: Heimat Kurier. Supplement to Nordkurier , August 20, 2007, page 24
  8. ↑ Honorowi Obywatele Miasta Szczecina: Johann August Sack 1764-1831 ( Memento from October 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
personal data
SURNAME Sack, Johann August
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prussian civil servant
DATE OF BIRTH October 7, 1764
PLACE OF BIRTH Kleve
DATE OF DEATH June 28, 1831
Place of death Szczecin