Świnoujście

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Świnoujście
Świnoujście
POL Świnoujście COA 1.svg
Świnoujście Swinoujscie (Poland)
Świnoujście Świnoujście
Świnoujście
Świnoujście
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : West Pomerania
Powiat : District-free city
Area : 197.23  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 55 '  N , 14 ° 15'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 55 '0 "  N , 14 ° 15' 0"  E
Height : 5 m npm
Residents : 40,883
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 72-600 to 72-612
Telephone code : (+48) 91
License plate : ZSW
Economy and Transport
Street : DK 3 Świnoujście ↔ Jakuszyce
DK 93 Świnoujście ↔ Germany
Rail route : Szczecin Dąbie – Świnoujście
Świnoujście – Wolgast
Next international airport : Heringsdorf
Szczecin-Goleniów
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Surface: 197.23 km²
Residents: 40,883
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 207 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 3263011
Administration (as of 2015)
City President : Janusz Żmurkiewicz
Address: ul. Wojska Polskiego 1/5
72-600 Świnoujście
Website : www.swinoujscie.pl



panorama
Mühlenbake on the Westmole (landmark of Swinemünde)
The mouth of the Swine in the Baltic Sea
Aerial view of the entire city, left the mouth of the Swine into the Baltic Sea
Location of the city on the islands of Usedom and Wolin

Audio file / audio sample Świnoujście ? / i [ ɕfinɔˈujɕʨɛ ],Swinoujscie inGerman , is a city in northwesternPoland. Its area extends to the eastern part of the island ofUsedom(Uznam)and the islands ofWollin(Wolin)andKaseburg(Karsibór)on theSzczecin Lagoonand the southern coast of theBaltic Sea. It is the outer harbor of the metropolis ofSzczecin. Świnoujście forms its own urban district in theWest Pomeranian Voivodeship.

Swinoujscie was the third largest German Baltic Sea resort until the Second World War , and since October 6, 1945 the place has belonged to Poland.

The tourism and the port industry are the main economic activities in Swinoujscie. The approximately twelve kilometer long fine sandy beach from Świnoujście to Bansin stretches, on average 40 meters wide, in the further course of Usedom a total of 42 kilometers to Peenemünde , Germany. The city ​​is connected to the towns of Bansin, Heringsdorf and Ahlbeck in Germany via the longest beach promenade in Europe, which extends over the four seaside resorts.

geography

Geographical location

The city occupies the eastern three-kilometer-wide strip of land on the island of Usedom, which became Polish territory in 1945, and the western tip of the island of Wollin. The city center is bordered in the east by the Swine , which separates the islands of Usedom and Wollin. On the east bank is the district Warszów (German Easter Harbor and Ostswine ).

City structure

The municipality of Świnoujście covers an area of ​​197.2 km² and is divided into the following districts (dzielnica):

  • Świnoujście (Swinoujscie)
  • Wydrzany (Friedrichsthal)
  • Warszów (Ostswine)
  • Chorzelin (Easter Harbor)

Metropolitan area of ​​Szczecin

Świnoujście is the traditional coastal port of Szczecin and has been actively developed since 2012 through cooperation within the German-Polish metropolitan area as part of a European metropolitan region; the joint development concept was presented in June 2015.

history

middle Ages

Swinoujscie emerged as one of the youngest towns in Prussia at the mouth of the Swinemouth next to the (later incorporated) small village of Westswine . In this village there were about six farmers who worked as kossas both fishing and rather poor farming. Furthermore, to improve their income, they had jointly leased the ferry across the Swine.

There was also a small wooden village church. However, it belonged to the parish of Caseburg . At the place of the later Swinoujscie there was already a protective castle at the end of the 12th century. In 1230 Duke Barnim I of Pomerania set up a ferry connection across the Swine. The port of Swinoujscie was first mentioned in 1297 in connection with the establishment of a ducal customs and pilot station. In 1457 the Stettiners destroyed a ducal castle on the Swine.

17th and 18th centuries

When Pomerania was divided between Brandenburg and Sweden in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Western Pomerania, along with Usedom and Wollin, fell to Sweden. In order to route shipping to and from Stettin through the Peene River for strategic reasons , Sweden sanded up the Swine. At the beginning of the 18th century, the Swine was completely insignificant compared to the Peenestrom, which, through its connection past the trading town of Wolgast, dominated the entire Oderschifffahrt. In Wolgast, the Swedish tax authorities levied high tariffs.

After the Northern War , Sweden ceded Stettin and Usedom-Wollin to Prussia in the Treaty of Stockholm in 1720 , while it kept Rügen , northern Western Pomerania, Stralsund and Wismar . In 1729, the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm I began to make the Swine navigable again in order to bypass the duties and taxes that were due in Wolgast, Sweden. It was dredged and a small port of limited use was available near the small village of Westswine. The project remained unfinished; because the swine often silted up again during the autumn storms due to insufficient fortifications. In addition, the small towns of Westswine and Ostswine lacked the infrastructure essential for a light port.

The successor Frederick the Great energetically continued the work when he came to power in 1740, and in 1746 a port fortified with stilts was officially opened to maritime trade under the name "Swinoujscie".

The town of Swinoujscie, which was created with the construction and operation of the new port, soon got a development plan and grew rapidly with the influx of traders, craftsmen and innkeepers. It received a magistrate in 1753 and was declared an immediate city ​​in 1765 with the inclusion of Westswines . In 1779 the city received a Latin school and in 1792 a new church.

Swinoujscie in the 19th century

As a result of the Congress of Vienna , Wolgast came to Prussia in 1815, whereby the previous competitive situation with Sweden in sea and river shipping no longer existed. It was recognized, however, that the Świna had advantages as a shipping route between the Baltic Sea ports because of the shorter journey times. To attract more settlers, building sites and timber were made available free of charge until 1840 and extensive tax exemption was granted. Swinoujscie was the seat of the district of Usedom-Wollin since 1818 .

The port was the center of activities: Lighter fetched the goods from the ships lying in the roadstead or in the port and transported them, among other things. a. to Szczecin. On the way back from Szczecin, they again took goods with them for the ships. Seafaring, freight transport, trade, handicrafts and trades thus experienced the first boom. The American War of Independence from 1773 to 1784 and the Third Coalition War 1801-1805 allowed the port to expand further. Up to 2000 people were already living in Swinoujscie at that time. In 1848 the Swinoujscie shipowners had 16 merchant ships. As a port city, Swinoujscie was the seat of several consulates of foreign states. Around 1835 there were consulates of Denmark , the Netherlands and Sweden in Swinoujscie .

To stop the silting up in the area of ​​the harbor entrance on the Baltic Sea, the construction of the jetties began in 1818 . Boulders from the Pomeranian area and from the Vinetariff near Zinnowitz were used as building material . The 1020 m long west pier and the 1372 m long east pier, hydraulic engineering masterpieces, were completed in 1823 in the shell and in 1829 finally. At the top of the east pier , a lantern beacon was erected in 1828, presumably based on a design by Karl Friedrich Schinkel , which was also referred to at the time as the “lighthouse” (the beacon was removed around 1910). A white windmill-shaped beacon installed on the west pier , the so-called mill beacon , is a landmark of the port of Swinoujscie. In 1857 the lighthouse was built on the east bank of the Swine.

To avoid the problem of silting up of the Swine in the hinterland, a canal was built between 1875 and 1880. This consists of two main sections, the Mellin trip and the Kaiser trip . The first straightened the Swine through the large Mellin, and the second, beginning at the small Mellin, separated the area around Kaseburg from the island of Usedom and led straight to the Stettiner Haff.

From 1857 there were connections with steamboats to East Prussia , Bornholm and Copenhagen . After the completion of the Kaiserfahrt, opened in 1881, most ships continued to Stettin, which was an economic disadvantage for the Swinoujscie seaport.

With the establishment of the lake and saltwater bath Swinoujscie in July 1824 the first official bathing season was opened, and a new line of business with far-reaching consequences for the development of the city was born. Right from the start, half of all bathers came from Berlin .

The seaside resort is best known for the regular visits by Kaiser Wilhelm II during the imperial days since 1882 (every year on the first weekend in August). That is why Świnoujście is sometimes referred to as the Fourth Imperial Bath , along with Bansin , Heringsdorf and Ahlbeck . In 1902 the emperor caused a sensation with the Swinemünde despatch .

Fortress and garrison town

Around the middle of the 19th century the Prussian army began to build coastal forts to the right and left of the Swine and at the mouth of the Peene. From then on, Swinoujscie was fortress III. Ranges with a battalion of foot artillery . After Szczecin was softened in 1870, the fortifications were modernized and enlarged.

The Swinoujscie fortress (built from 1848 to 1880) is still in good condition, except for Plant I, and was given to private hands as individual objects, gradually being exposed and restored to become tourist attractions since 2004.

  • Swinoujscie Fort Gerhard = Ostfort - Plant II

  • Castel Sant'Angelo Swinoujscie - Plant III

  • Swinoujscie Fort Redoute = Westfort - Plant IV

  • Sailors as post collectors in Swinoujscie, 1931

  • Submarine harbor near Kaseburg with demagnetization system (remains from around 1943)

Imperial Navy

During the imperial era, there was a naval base in Swinoujscie , in which some naval ships were stationed. Around 1914, the Swinoujscie auxiliary minesweeping division was established there. From 1918 to 1920 the Swinoujscie Spark Telegraphy School was temporarily located in Swinoujscie . On September 10, 1920, the training from the torpedo inspection department was relocated to Flensburg-Mürwik , where the school had been located before 1918.

Wehrmacht and submarine naval base

After 1933, a submarine port was built on the island of Kaseburg and torpedo boats were stationed in Swinoujscie itself. You can still see the submarine demagnetization system on the island of Kaseburg when you take the ferry .

The old fortifications were also expanded and used during the Second World War. The Westfort in particular was used intensively. At the western end, the bunker with measuring systems and an anti-aircraft platform was built in 1941. On the eastern Swines side, around 1½ km from the lighthouse, the “Goeben” coastal battery was built. A further two kilometers east of this a high bunker was built as a measuring station for the “Goeben” battery. This was not blown up after the war and is still used today as a fire watch tower with a steel structure . This tower (bunker) is called "bell" because of its peculiar shape. In exceptional cases it can be climbed.

Further development until 1945

In 1902 the emperor caused a sensation with the Swinemünde despatch . After a total of 626 bathers had been counted in 1826, there were already 40,247 in 1913. Before the Second World War, Świnoujście was the third largest German Baltic resort after Kühlungsborn and Kolberg . Along with this development, the number of inhabitants increased: in 1850 there were 4,719, only to triple by 1910 to 13,916.

The anti-Semitism of the baths that began towards the end of the 19th century was also evident in Swinoujscie. The Greifswalder Zeitung reported on August 19, 1920:

“On Saturday evening around 11 am, anti-Jewish rallies took place on the beach promenade. A large crowd, including Reichswehr soldiers and members of the Navy, marched in front of various bars with music and singing. Speeches hostile to Jews were made there, patriotic songs were sung and threats were made against Jewish bathers. "

Around 1930 the district of Swinoujscie had an area of ​​10.8 km², and there were a total of 1534 houses at thirteen different places:

  • Eichstaden
  • Forsthaus Torfhaus
  • Forest secretary farm Chausseehaus am Golm
  • Green area
  • West battery barracks
  • Marine Locked Depot
  • Torfhaus restaurant
  • Rütgerswerke
  • Range guard
  • Pommernwerft settlement
  • Swinoujscie harbor area
  • Swinoujscie
  • Waterworks

In 1925 there were 19,787 inhabitants, including 907 Catholics and 129 Jews, who were distributed among 5,301 households.

Swinoujscie was elected to constituency no.6 in the Reichstag elections in the Weimar Republic . From 1919 until the election in July 1932 , the German National People's Party was the strongest party there. In the last free Reichstag election in November 1932 , it was replaced by the NSDAP , which achieved its third-best result in the Reich with 43.1%. In the 1933 election it was able to expand this to 56.3% and was in second place only 0.2% behind the party comrades in the neighboring constituency No. 1. It was around 10% above the nationwide result of the party in both elections. In the same year Berengar Elsner von Gronow became mayor of the city for the NSDAP.

In 1938, during the Reichspogromnacht , an anti-Semitic mob burned down the synagogue . Three members of the Jewish community were placed in “ protective custody ”. In 1939 the Jewish community had only 29 members. In 1942 only one Jew lived in Swinoujscie.

In 1944, almost 13,000 Nazi forced laborers were registered in the Swinoujscie employment office .

Until 1945 Świnoujście belonged to the district of Usedom-Wollin in the administrative district of Stettin in the province of Pomerania .

The end of World War II

At the end of the Second World War , Swinoujscie was overcrowded with refugees and their cars, on which they had fled from the east of the German Reich before the advancing Red Army and who were waiting here for further transport. The total number of people in the city is said to have been a multiple of the number of residents registered in the city.

On March 12, 1945, the 8th US Air Force with 671 bombers and 412 escort fighters carried out a devastating air raid on Swinoujscie , which was aimed at the naval port and in which the city was largely destroyed. According to Rolf-Dieter Müller from the Military History Research Office , there were 3,000 to 4,000 deaths, Helmut Schnatz comes to 4,500 in his analysis. The figure of 23,000 dead, which is taken up by some media, assesses Schnatz as part of a "review" that only circulated from the 1990s onwards. Legends ". Müller also describes them as not durable. Most of the victims were buried in mass graves on the nearby Golm . On April 16, 1945, another attack by British bombers took place on the armored ship Lützow , lying in the Kaiserfahrt south of Swinoujscie , which was seriously damaged by a close hit with special bombs. The Aviso Hela , which was lying in the harbor and serving as a command ship for the naval staff, was hit by aerial bombs before it was moved to Eckernförde just a few days later and in time for the approaching Russians .

On May 5, 1945, the Red Army occupied Swinoujscie. According to the stipulations in point IX. At the Potsdam Conference of August 1945, the formerly German areas east of the line that ran from the Baltic Sea immediately west of Swinoujscie along the Oder and Neisse rivers were added to the Polish administrative area. On October 6 of the same year, the Soviet Army handed the city over to the administration of the People's Republic of Poland , which soon afterwards renamed the city Świnoujście .

A large Red Army garrison remained in Swinoujscie and was present here until the end of 1992. From Świnoujście all technical remains of the HVA Peenemünde , including the remaining rocket parts, were transported to the Soviet Union until 1947/48 , and later the interned technicians and engineers from Peenemünde.

At that time there were still around 30,000 Germans living in Swinoujscie and Wollin. The targeted immigration of Polish settlers began, mostly from central Poland and to a small extent from areas east of the Curzon Line that had fallen to the Soviet Union . These settlers were attracted by the prospect of being able to take possession of houses including the inventory of the dispossessed German civilian population free of charge. The Germans were in Swinoujscie by the Polish government in 1945 sold . In the winter of 1945/46 there were numerous attacks, rapes and murder of German residents by Polish security forces. At least the homicides were prosecuted, although the sentences were mild - the main accused received eight years in prison. The mostly young defendants had experienced concentration camp imprisonment, forced labor, the death of family members and other atrocities during the war and turned from victims to perpetrators out of an urge to retaliate.

History of the city since 1945

At the beginning of 1950 there were still 500 to 600 Germans living in Świnoujście. Most of them worked as specialists at the Soviet naval base, some at the city and at the port authority. However, their position with the immigrant Polish population was not easy. From 1950 onwards, only those Germans were allowed to stay in their old homeland who could prove a Slavic or Polish ancestry. The constant presence of the large Soviet and Polish garrisons made it difficult for all residents to move freely. The entire port facilities, the older and newer fortifications east and west of the Swine and the spa district were reserved for the sole use of the Soviet troops.

In 1948 the construction of a deep-sea fishing base on the eastern bank of the Swine (the Odra fish combine ) began. From 1958 the reconstruction of the city was intensified. The expansion of the sea ​​port (port complex Szczecin – Świnoujście) followed.

After the Soviet armed forces had evacuated the spa district in 1958, Świnoujście developed into one of the most famous Polish Baltic seaside resorts alongside Kołobrzeg (Kolberg) and Sopot (Sopot) . In 1961 the old fortifications, apart from Castel Sant'Angelo, were cleared by the Red Army. The Iron Curtain fell in 1989/90, the Soviet Union disintegrated in 1990/91 , and the Warsaw Pact was dissolved in July 1991 . On October 28, 1992, the last combat troops and the last missile speedboats of the Osa class of the 24th Rocket Ship Brigade of the Baltic Fleet were officially withdrawn in the presence of Deputy Defense Minister Bronisław Komorowski and the Russian Ambassador Yuri Kaschlew. In December 1992, the last Russian telecommunications and transport units were withdrawn from the barracks on the western outskirts and the Fort "Castel Sant'Angelo".

The restructuring of the economy in Poland that has been taking place since 1989, often with severe cuts, is also reflected in the face of the city. The city and its economy increasingly benefit from its proximity to the border and the now numerous German tourists and commuters from the Western Pomerania area.

  • Swinoujscie 1759 with the first fortification

  • Representation of the historic lighthouse from around 1900

  • Postcard after 1900, Swinoujscie from a bird's eye view

  • City map of Swinoujscie (approx. 1908) and the neighboring communities of the city on the islands of Usedom-Wollin

  • The "bell" - bunker with measuring station for the coastal battery "Goeben"

  • Sign for the entrance of Świnoujście on the border from Ahlbeck (Swinemünder Chaussee)

  • Border crossing since 2007 at Torfgraben from the direction of Garz / Zirchow (B 110) to Swinoujscie

Development of the population

  • 1782: 1.804
  • 1812: 2,798, 11 of them Catholics, no Jews
  • 1816: 3,191, including 12 Catholics and two Jews
  • 1831: 3,536, including six Catholics and 32 Jews
  • 1843: 4,012, including three Catholics and 39 Jews
  • 1852: 4,752, thereof 24 Catholics and 50 Jews
  • 1861: 5,591, of which 22 Catholics 74 Jews
  • 1900: 10,300
  • 1905: 13,272 (including the garrison), of which 402 are Catholics and 122 are Jews
  • 1925: 19,787, including 907 Catholics and 129 Jews
  • 1933: 20,521, mostly Protestant
  • 1938: 30,100
  • 1939: 21,000 and 2,500 Ostswine
  • 1947: 5,800
  • 1960: 17,000
  • 1970: 28,100
  • 1975: 42,400
  • 1980: 47,100
  • 1990: 43,300
  • 1995: 43.361
  • 2005: 40.993
  • 2013: 41,371

Until the end of the Second World War, the population of Swinoujscie consisted of Germans with predominantly Protestant religious affiliation. The Polish population who immigrated after the end of the war is predominantly Catholic.

Attractions

Spa district

  • Promenade : The promenade, which has been renovated in the eastern part, has numerous shops, leisure activities, hotels, restaurants and bars. There is a concert shell for outdoor events. To the west, the European promenade connects Świnoujście with the German imperial baths Ahlbeck , Heringsdorf and Bansin - over a total length of twelve kilometers, which makes it the longest promenade in Europe.
  • Beach : The wide sandy beach of Świnoujście is separated from the promenade by a narrow strip of coastal forest. He is accompanied by a beach promenade. In summer, several beach bars, the Club Malibu at the Ostend, various sports fields, children's playgrounds and other activities attract numerous guests. The beach stretches uninterruptedly in a westerly direction for a total of 42 km to Peenemünde .
  • Mühlenbake : Świnoujścies landmark on the west pier built between 1818 and 1823. The navigation mark was built in 1874, the wings were initially still turning, creating the blinking beacon.
  • Spa park : The large spa park connects the spa district with the city center of Świnoujście.
  • Fortifications : The well-preserved fortifications from the Prussian era: Westfort, the Castel Sant'Angelo and the Ostfort (at the lighthouse) - all of them can be visited and have exhibitions
  • Świnoujście waterworks , water supply system with the opportunity to visit

City center

Christ the King Christ the King Church
Tower of the Luther Church, with observation tower and café
Historic town hall, now a fishing museum

In the city center west of the Swine on the Usedom side, some buildings from the time before 1945 have been preserved. The central square has been redesigned, and since 2015 the large “Corsa” shopping center has been an attraction in the city.

  • Historic town hall : The old town hall was built in 1805/1806 according to a design by Maner. The tower with clock was given to the building, which was the city's first town hall and the seat of several authorities, in 1836. From 1932 to 1945 the building housed a regional museum and the city savings bank. It currently serves as a deep-sea fishing museum.
  • Christ the King Church , built in 1788/92 as the first Protestant church in Swinoujscie, rebuilt with a new tower in 1881/91, named Christ Church in 1906 , since 1951 the Catholic parish church of Christ the King . Inside there is a three-meter-long votive ship, and organ concerts on the Steinmeyer organ from 1927 take place regularly in summer.
  • Maria-Meeresstern-Church , consecrated as a Catholic church in 1896, with stained glass and Grüneberg organ
  • Luther church tower : remainder of the Luther church, which was built in the neo-Gothic style in 1905/1906 based on a design by Fritz Gottlob . It was slightly damaged in 1945 and almost completely removed in 1962. Only the tower remained, which was 67 meters high and has been an observation tower with a café since 2007.
  • Memorial plaque for the city ​​pharmacy opposite the Christ the King Church, at ul.Marynarzy 7, which the father of Theodor Fontane ran from 1827 to 1832. The original construction did not survive the time.
  • Swine overhead line crossing Swinoujscie : Crossing of the Swine by a 110 kV high voltage overhead line with a span of 437 meters, which is supported by the tallest tubular steel masts in Poland.
  • the former synagogue from 1859 and the two Jewish cemeteries were completely demolished after 1938

Wolliner side

  • Lighthouse : The east of the Swine (on the island of Wolin) location, completed in Prussian time in 1857. Lighthouse is 64.8 m (68 m above sea) is the highest on the Baltic coast. It was extensively renovated after 1990 and can be climbed since then (308 steps). It offers a wide view over the city and harbor as well as along the Baltic coast to the west and east.
  • Ostfort (Fort Gerhard) at the lighthouse, see Swinoujscie Fortress
  • The east pier was built between 1818 and 1823. It is 1500 m long and has a promenade. Next to her is the modern pilot tower. Due to the renovation for the neighboring gas terminal, it was temporarily only accessible to a limited extent. After the completion of a 280-meter-long, east-facing security pier for the gas port, built at right angles to the old pier, it is accessible again.

City partnerships and city sponsorships

In addition, the city of Flensburg has been the city's sponsor city since 1956 . The sponsorship is based on negotiations with expellees, the so-called Świnoujście . In the Municipal Archives Flensburg therefore that is due to the sponsorship Swinemünder archive that contains photos, newspapers and other memorabilia Swinemünder and documented the former German Swinoujscie.

economy

port
Port areas of Swinoujscie - trade and ferry port on the left, city and military port on the right, as well as marina

The seaport of Świnoujście is one of the most important transshipment points in Poland and on the Baltic coast. Since Poland joined the EU, cruise traffic has also grown in importance. The port is divided into four areas, the commercial port, the ferry port for the Scandinavian ferries, the city port for excursion and technical ships and the military port. These port areas are an important pillar of the Swinoujscie economy. There is also the marina, which is part of the city harbor.

The Bremer Burmester shipyard maintained from 1941 to 1945 in Swinoujscie specifically for war production two branch shipyards marina and shipyard Burmester Räumbootswerft and Ernst Burmester Shipyard KG for the war Trawler -Bau. Among other things, today's sailing cargo ship Tres Hombres was built there in 1943 as a war fishing cutter.

tourism

Świnoujście, with its beaches and various sights, is one of the most popular holiday destinations in Poland. In 2013, 1.4 million overnight stays were registered in Swinoujscie, almost 15 percent more than in the previous year. Day tourism from the Western Pomerania area is also an important factor.

Gazoport
The new gasport seen from the lighthouse - 2015
The new pier for the gas port (2.97 km long) with a mooring platform and pumping stations

In 2010 the Gazoport project was started on the island of Wollin approx. 1.3 km east of the old east pier in order to be able to import large quantities of liquefied natural gas from Qatar and Algeria . The investments amounted to 700 million euros. The project led to a legal dispute with the operator of the Nord Stream natural gas pipeline . The Polish side called for the pipeline to be sunk into the seabed off Świnoujście in order to allow natural gas tankers to access the port.

For the mooring of the large gas tankers, a new 2970 meter long pier with a mooring platform and pumping stations was built, as well as two large storage tanks and line bridges from the ship's pier to the tanks. A large processing and distribution facility was also built.

traffic

Motor vehicles and ferries

There is a free ferry connection between the two halves of the city every 20 minutes via the Swine, which is available for all pedestrians and cyclists, but only for motor vehicles (under 3.5 t with the license plate "ZSW") of the residents (exceptions are vehicles with a special permit and 3–4 nights per week in which everyone is allowed to drive). The second, free ferry connection for heavy goods traffic as well as for foreign and foreign vehicles is located near Kaseburg. This ferry usually runs every 30 minutes.

With the two feeders to the ferries Świnoujście-Stadt Droga krajowa 3 and Kaseburg Droga krajowa 93 , which reunite at Haferhorst to DK 3 , the connection goes over the island of Wollin in the direction of Misdroy , where the Droga wojewódzka 102 in the direction of Kolberg from the DK 3 branches off, and further south-east via Wolin (city) to Stettin, about 100 kilometers away . The plan is to connect Świnoujście via the S 6 to the eastern Baltic region.

For the coastal areas of northern Germany, the connection via Swinoujscie in the direction of former Pomerania and Gdansk and East Prussia with the Kaseburg ferry is the shortest route.

A road border crossing only for coaches and cyclists was opened in April 2007 along the federal road 110 in the south of the city on Torfgraben - near the Golm - in the direction of Garz / Zirchow. On December 21, 2007, as part of Poland's accession to the Schengen Agreement, the border with the German part of the island of Usedom became the “ green border ”. Controls at all border crossings to Germany have been discontinued. Since then, both border crossings to Garz and Ahlbeck have been approved for general road traffic (except for trucks over 3.5 t).

tunnel

The contract for the tunnel construction under the Swine or the canal was signed with the consortium leader Porr on September 17, 2018. The tunnel is intended to shorten the travel time between Usedom and Wolin and to eliminate the risk that the Swine cannot be crossed by ferry during floods, ice and storms. Alternatively, due to the difficult soil conditions ( alluvial and moorland ), a bridge was also under discussion, for which there were preliminary considerations even before 1945.

railroad

The railway line runs parallel to DK 3 from Ostswine (Warszów) with an arc via Misdroy, Wollin (city) and Goleniów to Stettin.

Until June 2008, the Züssow - Wolgast Hafen - Zinnowitz - Heringsdorf - Ahlbeck line of the Usedomer Bäderbahn (UBB) was extended from the previous Ahlbeck Grenz terminus to the newly constructed Świnoujście Centrum station, which has been in regular service since September 20, 2008.

The reactivation of the railway line across the southwest of Usedom and the Karnin lift bridge , which was completely destroyed in the war, except for the lifting frame, is planned in order to significantly reduce the travel time by rail from Berlin and Stettin and to enable Świnoujście to be supplied with freight trains. A completely new building would be required there, the profitability of which has so far been questionable.

Ships

From April to October there was a connection via the Stettiner Haff and the Oder with a hydrofoil to Stettin (Bosman Express), which covered the 65-kilometer route in around 75 minutes.

From the Warszów district on Wollin there are ferry connections of the Unity Line to Ystad and the TT-Line to Trelleborg in Sweden .

Pedestrians and cyclists

Several official long -distance cycle routes run through Swinoujscie, above all the Baltic Sea Cycle Route , which leads around the Baltic Sea, and the Iron Curtain Trail , which runs for almost 10,000 kilometers through twenty European countries from Norway to the Black Sea along the former Iron Curtain.

The border crossing to the neighboring town of Ahlbeck was only allowed to be passed by pedestrians and cyclists until 2007.

In 2011 the longest promenade in Europe from Bansin to Swinoujscie was opened to pedestrians and cyclists. It had previously been redesigned and modern between Ahlbeck and Swinoujscie. A border monument was erected at the border.

  • Eastern beacon at the mouth of the Swine in the Baltic Sea

  • Ferry facility near Kaseburg-Swinoujscie

  • Świnoujście Centrum station of the Usedomer Bäderbahn

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities who have worked locally

Mayor (1801 to 1945)

  • Kirstein since (1801 to 1809)
  • Johann Friedrich Julius Kastner (1809 to 1821)
  • Johann Michael Beda (1821 to 1830)
  • Karl Friedrich Kirstein (1830 to 1846)
  • August Hermann Schultz-Voelker (1846 to 1867)
  • Eduard Ferdinand Eggebrecht (1868 to 1892)
  • Ernst Wegener (1892 to 1900)
  • Walter Grätzel von Grätz (1901 to 1924)
  • Erich Leschke (1924 to 1933)
  • Berenger Elsner von Gronow (1933 to 1936)
  • Neum (1936 to 1945, deployed in the war from 1941)
  • Max Mildebrath (1941 to 1945, provisionally as Neums deputy)

See also

literature

  • Wilhelm and Lilli Behm, Karl and Irmgard Lange: Swinemünde, fate of a German city. Hamburg 1965.
  • Robert Burkhardt : History of the port and the city of Swinoujscie , Part II. W. Fritsche, Swinoujscie 1931.
  • Hellmut Hannes : In the footsteps of Theodor Fontane in Swinoujscie - A city tour through Świnoujście. Thomas-Helms-Verlag, Schwerin 2009, ISBN 978-3-940207-24-1 .
  • Hellmut Hannes: Julie Gadebusch's diary from Swinoujscie. Thomas-Helms-Verlag, Schwerin 2005, ISBN 3-935749-31-7 .
  • Hellmut Hannes: Historical views of Swinoujscie and the Golm. Side lights from the past of a Pomeranian port city, told using pictures and contemporary reports from the 19th century. Thomas-Helms-Verlag, Schwerin 2001, ISBN 3-931185-92-3 .
  • Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania. Outline of their history, mostly based on documents. Berlin 1865, pp. 503-505 ( books.google.de ).
  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen. Part II, Volume 1, Anklam 1865, pp. 442–456 ( books.google.de ).
  • Erwin Rosenthal : Lake and salt bath Swinoujscie. The development of a seaside resort. Rhinoverlag, Ilmenau 2009, ISBN 978-3-939399-14-8 .
  • Erwin Rosenthal (Ed.): Swinemünde / Świnoujście - 250 years of German and Polish history. Nordlicht-Verlag, Ostseebad Karlshagen 2015, ISBN 978-3-9809640-8-1 .

Web links

Commons : Świnoujście  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Świnoujście  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ City website, Prezydent miasta , accessed February 21, 2015
  3. ↑ a b Usedom's Europapromenade: Island opens cross-border, climate-neutral longest beach promenade in Europe ( Memento from July 1, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
  4. ↑ Model project of spatial planning: German-Polish development concept for the cross-border metropolitan region of Szczecin , kooperation-ohne-grenzen.de, accessed on November 25, 2016.
  5. ↑ Development concept for the cross-border metropolitan region of Szczecin from June 8, 2015 (PDF, 2.7 MB)
  6. ↑ Helge bei der Wieden , Roderich Schmidt (Ed.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 12: Mecklenburg / Pomerania (= Kröner's pocket edition , volume 315). Kröner, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-520-31501-7 , p. 299 f.
  7. ↑ Overview of the Prussian Merchant Navy . E. Wendt & Co., Stettin January 1848, p. 27 ( reader.digitale-sammlungen.de [accessed on June 4, 2015]).
  8. ^ The Prussian State in all its relationships. Volume 1. August Hirschwald, Berlin 1835, p. 198 ( books.google.de ).
  9. ↑ Helmut Hannes: The Swinemünde lighthouse - a Schinkel building? In: Pommern, magazine for culture and history , issue 2/2011, ISSN  0032-4167 , pp. 2–7.
  10. ↑ Emperor Wilhelm and Tsar Nikolaus in Swinoujscie ( Memento from March 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) - "So since 1882 the German Emperor Wilhelm II has been visiting the city regularly on the so-called Imperial Days." ( Archived copy ( Memento from October 21 2007 in the Internet Archive ))
  11. ↑ Online project, Memorials to Fallen. Imperial Navy - Auxiliary Minesweeping Division Swinoujscie , accessed on: 23 September 2019
  12. ↑ Georg Günther von Forstner : War in the Baltic Sea , 2017, Chapter: New division of the Baltic forces
  13. ↑ Flensburger Tageblatt : 150 years Flensburger Tageblatt: When Flensburg set the tone , from: April 28, 2015; accessed on: September 23, 2019
  14. ↑ 45 years of marine telecommunications school - 100 years of telecommunications training in Flensburg , accessed on: September 23, 2019
  15. ↑ Flensburger Tageblatt : 100 Years of the Naval School: History of the School , from: August 11, 2010; accessed on: September 23, 2019
  16. ↑ a b c d Tourist Map - Wollin Island and Surroundings, Warsaw 2012.
  17. ↑ a b c Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association: The city of Swinemünde in the former Usedom-Wollin district in Pomerania (2011).
  18. ↑ constituency results at wahlen-in-deutschland.de
  19. ^ W. Wilhelmus: Jews in Western Pomerania. In: History of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. No. 8/1996, p. 45 and p. 57.
  20. ↑ Quarterly Books for Contemporary History, 2001, p. 675
  21. ^ A b Rolf-Dieter Müller : The bombing war 1939–1945 . Links Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-86153-317-0 , p. 224 .
  22. ↑ a b Helmut Schnatz : Dresden of the North? The air raid on Swinoujscie on March 12, 1945 , historicum.net, accessed on September 29, 2016.
  23. ↑ Axel Büssem , Inferno am Ostseestrand , Stern from March 11, 2005, accessed on September 29, 2016.
  24. ↑ Die Toten auf der Golm Deutschlandradio Kultur, accessed on September 28, 2016
  25. ↑ Adam Zadworny: They Were Killing Germans in Revenge (They killed Germans for revenge) ( Memento from January 23, 2008 in the Internet Archive ). In: Gazeta Wyborcza , January 18, 2008.
  26. ↑ upi.com
  27. ↑ a b c d e f g Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania - outline of their history, mostly according to documents. Berlin 1865, p. 504 (1. c. Books.google.de )
  28. ^ Meyers Konversations-Lexikon , 6th edition, Volume 19. Leipzig / Vienna 1909, p. 229.
  29. ↑ Der Große Brockhaus , 15th edition, Volume 18, Leipzig 1934, pp. 370/371.
  30. ^ Karl Baedeker: Car Guide German Empire , 2nd edition, Leipzig 1939.
  31. ↑ Some sights in Świnoujście on Świnoujście.pl (German)
  32. ↑ Information is taken from a notice board that is attached next to the entrance door of the building that is now used as the fishing museum.
  33. ↑ Hellmut Hannes : From the history of the Christ Church in Swinemünde. In: Pommern, magazine for culture and history , issue 4/2011, ISSN  0032-4167 , pp. 24–29.
  34. ↑ Gottlob, Fritz . In: Ulrich Thieme , Fred. C. Willis (Ed.): General lexicon of visual artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 14 : Giddens-Gress . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1921, p. 424 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ). - (with mention of the Luther Church)
  35. ↑ Fontane's novel Meine Kinderjahre contains an authentic picture of the city at that time ; The instead of Kessin in Effi Briest is also designed after Swinoujscie.
  36. ↑ DuMont travel paperback Usedom. 2nd Edition. DuMont Reiseverlag, Ostfildern 2006, ISBN 3-7701-5978-0 , pp. 175/176.
  37. ^ Meyer's travel book German Baltic Sea Coast , Part II: Rügen and the Pomeranian coast with its hinterland , 2nd edition. Bibliographische Institut, Leipzig 1924, pp. 42–46.
  38. ↑ Swinoujscie Usedom Jewish communities (only available externally)
  39. ↑ Flensburg street names. Society for Flensburg City History, Flensburg 2005, ISBN 3-925856-50-1 , article: Swinemünder Straße.
  40. ^ Andreas Oeding, Broder Schwensen, Michael Sturm: Flexikon . Flexikon 2009, Swinemünder (Świnoujście), p. 229 .
  41. ↑ Klaus Auf dem Garten: Burmester yacht and boat yard, Bremen: 1920–1979. An important chapter in German boat building and sailing history . Hauschild Verlag , Bremen 2002, ISBN 3-89757-141-2
  42. ↑ mediahalbig: Tres Hombres on YouTube , 3:48, September 14, 2011, accessed May 2, 2016.
  43. ↑ Tourism boom: Swinoujscie depends on many , BalticPortal, August 29, 2014.
  44. ↑ International consortium builds Polish Gazoport ( Memento from August 4, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Page of Germany Trade and Invest , accessed on January 11, 2016.
  45. ↑ Poles complain against the course of the Nord Stream ( memento from September 14, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) ostsee-zeitung.de from November 8, 2011, accessed on January 11, 2016.
  46. ↑ Świnoujście doczeka się ważnej inwestycji. Jest umowa na tunel (Polish), rynekinf Infrastruktury.pl, September 17, 2018.
  47. ^ Action alliance Karniner Brücke: New Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 2015 . P. 1.
  48. ↑ Swine Tunnel is West Pomerania's most important transport project. In: Ostsee-Zeitung , November 17, 2014.
  49. ↑ Baltic Portal : Ten candidates for tunnel tender, August 27, 2014.
  50. ↑ Financing perspectives “Usedom Crossing” from the point of view of the European Parliament , Alexander Vogt (EU transport expert) April 26, 2014.
  51. ↑ First groundbreaking ceremony for the railroad extension to Swinoujscie , press release from Deutsche Bahn .
  52. ↑ No longer available after visiting the city in 2015 because the boat was sold
  53. ↑ translator2: EuroVelo 10 - EuroVelo. Retrieved May 15, 2017 .
  54. ↑ Iron Curtain Trail - The northern part. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 6, 2017 ; Retrieved April 17, 2017 .
  55. ^ DuMont travel paperback Polish Baltic coast. DuMont Reiseverlag, Ostfildern 2007, ISBN 978-3-7701-7204-7 , p. 73.