Wolin (city)

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Wolin
Coat of arms of Wolin (city)
Wolin (Poland)
Wolin
Wolin
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : West Pomerania
Powiat : Kamień Pomorski
Area : 14.41  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 51 '  N , 14 ° 37'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 50 '36 "  N , 14 ° 36' 56"  E
Residents : 4796
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 72-510
Telephone code : (+48) 91
License plate : ZKA
Economy and Transport
Street : DK 3 Świnoujście ↔ Jakuszyce
Rail route : Szczecin Dąbie – Świnoujście
Next international airport : Szczecin-Goleniów
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Gmina structure: 51 localities
30 school offices
Surface: 327.41 km²
Residents: 12,191
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 37 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 3207063
Administration (as of 2012)
Mayor : Eugeniusz Jasiewicz
Address:
ul.Zamkowa 23 72-510 Wolin
Website : www.wolin.pl



The town of Wolin [ ˈvɔlʲin ] (German Wollin [ vɔˈliːn ]) is the eponymous place on the island of Wolin (Wollin) in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship . The city, which is the seat of an urban and rural municipality , belongs to the Powiat Kamieński . Scientists associate it with the legendary city of Vineta from the 8th to the 11th centuries. In the later Middle Ages the place was called Julin , then Wollin .

Geographical location

Wolin is located on the southeast side of the island on the Dievenow , an arm of the Baltic Sea to the Stettiner Haff , opposite the mainland, with which it is connected by a road and rail bridge. Not far south of the city is the 21 m high Galgenberg on the Dievenowufer .

City of Wolin (until 1945 Wollin)

Wollin in Swedish military maps 1757

history

View of Wollin from O around 1920
View of the city of Wolin from O 2013
City Hall Wolin
View of the grounds, market and church of Wolin

The southeastern tip of the island of Wolin had been inhabited since the end of the Stone Age, as evidenced by excavations from 1828 until after 2002. The excavation in 1926 by the Berlin archaeologist Carl Schuchhardt and later by the Szczecin museologist and prehistorian Otto Kunkel and the archaeologist Karl August Wilde von From 1934 to 1938 there were settlement findings in layers up to 6 m deep. At this point in 980 the Viking town Julin, Jumne and also the Jomsburg located near it is mentioned. According to reports and chronicles, it is said to have been the vanished Vineta , the largest Slavic / Viking early town. In fact, the place was one of the most important trading centers in the Baltic Sea in the 9th century and already had around 8,000 inhabitants in the 10th century. After the excavations, the settlement must have had an extension of 4.5 kilometers along the Dievenow. The excavations stretched from the southern "Galgenberg" to the "Silberberg" and "Mühlenberg" north of Wollin.

The later excavations in 1952 were directed by the Polish museologist and prehistorian Władysław Filipowiak . The results of 1828, 1847, 1872, 1897 and 1934/38 were confirmed and expanded through his and the following work.

When the new road and railway bridges were built, many other settlement finds were also uncovered from 2001 onwards. Most of the recovered artifacts are on display in the local museum and in the reconstructed Slav and Viking settlement of Wolin on the Plague Island. The excavation findings served as evidence for the reconstruction buildings and objects.

The necropolis of the early medieval town of the Slavs and Vikings was located south of the village on what is now known as the "Gallows Hill". There are still 34 of the original 93 (around 1900) barrows with body and cremation burials (urns). They are burial mounds with a diameter of 5 to 20 m, which have one or more burials from the Bronze Age to the Slav period. Excavations took place here in 1847, 1872, 1897, 1934 and around 1954. The most intensive and productive was by Adolf Stubenrauch in 1897 . It is now considered an archaeological reserve.

Adam von Bremen wrote around 1080 in his Bishop's History of the Hamburg Church : Behind the Liutizen, which is also called Wilzen, you come across the Oder, the most water-rich river in the Slavic region. Where it flows at its confluence with the Scythian Sea [meaning the Baltic Sea], the very famous city of Jumne offers barbarians and Greeks [meaning orthodox Christians from Russia ] a much-visited meeting point in a wide area [...] It really is the largest of all the cities that Europe harbors; Slavs with other tribes, Greeks and barbarians live in it. Foreigners from Saxony also have the same right of settlement if they are not allowed to publicly profess their Christianity during their stay. For all are still caught in pagan misbelief; apart from that, however, one will hardly be able to find a people who are more honorable and friendly in their way of life and hospitality. The city is filled with goods from all the peoples of the north, nothing desirable or rare is missing.

→ see also the main article Vineta with the excavations in Wollin

Because of its wealth, the city attracted the attention of its neighbors and got caught up in clashes with Poland and Denmark , during which Julin / Jumne, Vineta / Jomsburg? = (Wollin) was robbed and destroyed in both 1043 and 1098. 1121 brought the Polish king Bolesław III. Schiefmund briefly placed the city under his rule. Bishop Otto von Bamberg introduced Christianity to the city in 1124, and in 1140 Pope Innocent II made it the first Pomeranian bishopric. The Dukes of Pomerania owned the castrum Wolyn , from which the castle district, which later became the Amt of Wollin, was administered. Albert Holtz (1939) and Filipowiak (1956/1958) assumed the castle to be on the Silberberg, although it is hardly detectable there because of the sand mining. According to the vignette on the Lubin map, it was probably much closer to the old town. When the Danes destroyed Wollin again in 1164 and 1171, Bishop Konrad I moved the seat of the diocese to Cammin in 1176 . This marked the beginning of the decline of the former metropolis on the Baltic Sea, which developed back into a village at the beginning of the 13th century. The castellans Venzeslav (PUB I. 66/74/97) and 1220 Wizlaus (PUB I. 201) were mentioned in 1180 .

It was not until 1264 that Duke Barnim I and Duke Wartislaw III conferred the town charter in Lübeck together . the city consolidated again. The confirmation documents from 1279 and 1286 by Duke Bogislaw IV prove that they were jointly awarded. In 1277, Pomeranian Duke Barnim I exempted the residents of the country from customs who came to the trading town, which further improved conditions.

In 1288 Wollin already owned two churches, St. Nikolai and St. Georg, and in 1317 Cistercian women founded the city school, the oldest Pomeranian school. In 1365 Wollin is mentioned as a member of the Hanseatic League . When a Hanseatic fleet was formed in 1394 to fight the pirate Vitalienbrüder , Wollin was also involved. The Reformation was introduced in the city in 1535 (the Pomeranian reformer Bugenhagen was born here in 1485). The Wollin Castle was used several times to accommodate Pomeranian duchess widows. The Thirty Years War brought heavy damage again in 1628 and from 1648 to 1720 the rule of the Swedes . After King Friedrich Wilhelm I acquired the southeastern part of Pomerania, which was occupied by Sweden , Wollin became Prussian. At that time the city had only about 500 inhabitants, who lived mainly from fishing.

In the 19th century the city walls were torn down and the fortification trenches filled in. The southern fishing village of Wiek was incorporated. In the course of the new Prussian district division, the town of Wollin was incorporated into the Usedom-Wollin district with the district town of Swinoujscie in 1818 . After the connection to the railway line to Gollnow in 1892, the construction of the station suburb resulted in a further expansion of the urban area. A cutter yard was established at the beginning of the 20th century; it remained the only industrial location. In 1909 the city was ravaged by a fire, but was rebuilt afterwards.

Around 1930 the city of Wollin had an area of ​​11.5 km²; There were three places of residence in the urban area:

  1. Formerly Wollin-Kolzower Chausseehaus
  2. Johanneshof
  3. Wollin

In the three residential areas together there were 677 residential buildings.

In the last weeks of the war in 1945 the city was almost completely destroyed. After the occupation by the Red Army , Wollin and the whole of Western Pomerania were placed under Polish administration by the Potsdam Agreement . The immigration of Poland from the areas east of the Curzon Line that had fallen to the Soviet Union as part of the “ West displacement of Poland ” began . Almost all German residents of Wollin were expelled by the Polish authorities between 1945 and 1947 due to the Bierut decrees and mostly forced to leave their entire property behind.

Attractions

Nikolaikirche (2011)
Open-air museum Wollin (2011)
  • Nikolaikirche, a late Gothic, heavily modified brick building with three naves and a baroque west tower built in 1705
  • Red brick town hall from 1881
  • Local history museum next to the neo-Gothic town hall with the excavations from 1934, 1952 and 2002
  • Bronze to Slavic barrow field in the south of the city on the "Galgenberg" (Wzgórze Wisielcow)
  • Excavation sites from 1934, 1952 and 2001 on Dievenow-Ufer from the southern part of the city to the archaeological reserve "Silberberg" Wollin with a length of approx. 4.5 km
  • The Wollin manor was built around 1800 for the von Below family . During the reconstruction of the estate around 2012, the remains of the building of the former Cistercian monastery were found . The vaults of the manor house cellar are still remnants of the former castle.
  • Open-air museum of the Slavs and Vikings settlement Wolin on the Plage Island
  • Annual Viking Festival on Plage Island on the first weekend in August
  • At the municipality of Warnowo (Warnow) is the horseshoe-shaped Kiebitzsee, on whose peninsula was a Slavic refuge, which was built in the 16./17. Century was built over with a hunting lodge of the Pomeranian Duke Johann Friedrich.

Wolin has a charming little city center and a small harbor.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Connected to the city

  • Harald Blauzahn (* around 910; † 987), Danish and Norwegian king, died on November 1st, 987 in Wollin
  • Wartislaw I. (* 1100, † before 1148), is a co-founder of the Pomeranian diocese , which from 1140 to 1176 based in Wollin had subsequently by Cammin was moved
  • Adalbert von Pommern (1160; † 1164), first bishop of Pomerania since 1139, with his original seat in the Adalbertskirche von Wollin, formerly Julin
  • Laurentius David Bollhagen (* 1683; † 1738), pastor in Wollin since 1704 and preposition of the synod since 1706
  • Hermann Theodor Wangemann (* 1818; † 1894), Protestant missionary, had been a religion teacher and pastor in Wollin since 1845
  • Heinrich Sahm (* 1877; † 1939), politician, had been a trainee lawyer in Wollin since 1900
  • Marzena Cieślik (* 1981), Miss Poland 2006, lives in Wollin

Demographics

Up until the end of the Second World War , the (then German) inhabitants of Wollin were predominantly Protestant ; the population who immigrated after the Germans were expelled at the end of the war are predominantly Catholic .

Development of the population
year Residents Remarks
1740 1,621
1782 1,908
1794 2,217 no jews
1812 2,614 including six Catholics and five Jews
1816 2,524 including five Catholics and 22 Jews
1831 3,472 including five Catholics and 55 Jews
1843 4.034 including six Catholics and 98 Jews
1852 4,591 including nine Catholics and 90 Jews
1861 5,039 including nine Catholics and 106 Jews
1875 5,222
1880 5,506
1905 4,560 including 22 Catholics and 75 Jews
1925 4,723 including 34 Catholics and 47 Jews
1933 4,942
2010 4,867

Twin cities

Gmina Wolin

Community structure

Belong to Gmina Wolin

  • a city:
    • Wolin (Wollin)

Transport links

Bridge over the Dziwna (2011)

Streets

The Gmina Wolin is crossed by Landesstraße 3 in a west-east direction. It leads from Świnoujście (Swinoujscie) to Jakuszyce (Jakobsthal) at the transition to the Czech Republic . The road runs along the route of the former German Reichsstraße 111 , which led from the Western Pomerania town of Gützkow via the islands of Usedom and Wollin to Gollnow (now in Polish: Goleniów).

In the east district Parlówko (Parlowkrug) of Gmina Wolin forming two provincial roads: the provincial road 108 , of Płoty (Plathe) and Golczewo (Gülzow) come, and the provincial road 107 , of Dziwnówek (Walddievenow) in the Baltic Sea over Kamień Pomorski (Cammin ) ends here. The latter runs in its entire length on the route of the former Reichsstrasse 165 , which began in Międzyzdroje .

Rail connections

The field of Gmina Wolin crosses the railway line Szczecin-Swinoujscie (Swinoujscie) . With the six train stations / stops Parlówko (Parlowkrug) , Troszyn (Alt Ticino) , Recław (Hagen) , Wolin Pomorski (Wollin) , Mokrzyca Wielka (Groß Mokratz) and Ładzin (Rehberg) the community is "on the net".

literature

  • Hans Dieter Borchardt: End of the war in Wollin. docupoint-Verlag, Magdeburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-939665-79-3 (368 pages).
  • Hans Dieter Borchardt: Wollin - Yesterday and Today , docupoint-Verlag, Magdeburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-86912-022-5 (159 pages).
  • Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania - an outline of their history, mostly according to documents . Berlin 1865, pp. 548-557 ( full text ).
  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . Part II, Volume 1, Anklam 1865, pp. 593-624 ( online ).
  • Gustav Malkewitz: The history of the city of Wollin in Pomerania. 1904.
  • Bernhard Schmeidler (Ed.): Hamburg Church History = Magistri Adam Bremensis gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum / Adam of Bremen. 3. Edition. Unchangeable Reprint [of the edition] Hamburg and Leipzig, Hahn 1917, Hanover 1993, ISBN 3-7752-5288-6 .
  • Ingrid and P. Werner Lange: Vineta - Atlantis of the North. 1st edition. Urania-Verlag, Leipzig / Jena / Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-332-00197-3 .
  • Johannes Hinz: Pomerania. Signpost through an unforgettable country. Flechsig, Würzburg 2002, ISBN 3-88189-439-X .

Web links

Commons : Wolin  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Wollin in the Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b c Tourist Map - Wollin Island and Surroundings, Warsaw 2012.
  3. ↑ Dietmar Lucht: The urban policy of Duke Barnims I of Pomerania 1220-1278 . Publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania, Series V: Research on Pomeranian History, Vol. 10. Cologne / Graz 1965, p. 59.
  4. ↑ Dietmar Lucht: The urban policy of Duke Barnims I of Pomerania 1220-1278 . Publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania, Series V: Research on Pomeranian History, Vol. 10. Cologne / Graz 1965, pp. 59–62.
  5. ^ Meyer's travel books: Baltic seaside resorts. Bibliographisches Institut, 4th edition Leipzig / Vienna 1910, p. 120.
  6. ^ A b Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association: The city of Wollin in the former district of Usedom-Wollin in Pomerania (2011).
  7. ↑ Directories of the German bishops since the year 800 AD (Ernst Friedrich Mooyer, ed.), Minden 1854, p. 23.
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Kratz (1865), pp. 554–555.
  9. ^ Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition, Volume 20, Leipzig / Vienna 1909, p. 740.
  10. ^ Prussian State Statistical Office (ed.): Community encyclopedia for the Free State of Prussia. Pomeranian Province. According to the final result of the census of June 16, 1925 and other official sources based on the territory of October 1, 1932 . Berlin 1932, p. 92.
  11. ↑ The Big Brockhaus . 15th ed. Volume 20, Leipzig 1935, p. 447.
  12. ↑ Entry about the twin cities on the homepage of the City of Usedom.Retrieved on April 8, 2019, 10:50 pm
  13. ↑ Wykaz Sołtysów i Rad Sołeckich Gminy Wolin at bip.wolin.pl.