Golczewo
| Golczewo | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | West Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Kamień Pomorski | ||
| Area : | 7.42 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 50 ' N , 14 ° 59' E | ||
| Residents : | 2660 (June 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 72-410 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 91 | ||
| License plate : | ZKA | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Ext. 106 Rzewnowo ↔ Pyrzyce | ||
| Ext. 108 Parłówko ↔ Płoty | |||
| Rail route : | no rail connection | ||
| Next international airport : | Szczecin-Goleniów | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Urban and rural municipality | ||
| Gmina structure: | 28 localities | ||
| 12 school offices | |||
| Surface: | 175.39 km² | ||
| Residents: | 5876 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 34 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 3207023 | ||
| Administration (as of 2008) | |||
| Mayor : | Andrzej Danieluk | ||
| Address: | ul. Zwycięstwa 23 72-410 Golczewo |
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| Website : | www.golczewo.pl | ||
Golczewo ( German Gülzow ) is a town with an urban and rural municipality in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship .
Geographical location
Golczewo is located in Western Pomerania , about 30 kilometers east of the Szczecin Lagoon and 25 kilometers southeast of the town of Kamień Pomorski ( Cammin i. Pom ), between the Lower and Upper Lakes and is surrounded by forests and hills. The distance to the Province capital Szczecin ( Szczecin ) in the southwest is about 60 kilometers.
history
The village was probably built between the 9th and 11th centuries. It is uncertain whether Gülzow already had city rights in the Middle Ages . A document mentions civitatis episcopis Gilzov and a coat of arms, but this is uncertain as evidence.
Probably in 1284 a castle was built, which was later also called Burg Gülzow . Its location at that time was probably the same as it was in later times: at the flow from the Obersee to the Mittelsee . According to a document issued by the Pomeranian Duke Bogislaw IV on July 15, 1304, the Bishop of Cammin , Heinrich von Wachholz , acquired the castrum Gülzow from the Schmeling and Wedelstädt families for 1,200 marks. When the castle was bought, the families received ten Hufen as a castle fief . The document from 1304 is also the first documentary evidence for the place. In 1331 Heino and Henning von Wacholtz acknowledged the Camminer cathedral chapter that they had received 3,000 marks in Slavic coins for Gülzow Castle. In 1336 the castle was in the possession of the knight Siegfried Lode. In 1363 the castle was pledged to the cathedral chapter of Camminer by Bishop Johann I. In the same year a mill was mentioned in the village. In 1385 the castle was left to the Usedom archdeacon Philipp von Helpte, who left Tam and Timmo von Flemming to the pledge in 1402 .
Then there were disputes between the Flemming family and the cathedral chapter over the castle, which got worse after Duke Bogislaw VIII redeemed the castle . In addition to the Gülzow Castle, the subjects in dispute were the monastery castles of Arnhausen, Körlin, Massow and Pollnow. Bishop Nikolaus von Buch asked for these properties to be returned to the Camminer Stift, but the Duke refused. Thereupon the duke was excommunicated by the bishop. In 1410 the papal curia confirmed the legality of the redemption by the sovereign, and the ban against him was lifted. The bishop then resigned from office. His successors in office were also unwilling to accept the Vatican's decision. After a settlement concluded in 1436, the castle was finally returned to the monastery.
For the period 1451–1500, the castle was in the possession of the Counts of Eberstein . They sold shares of the property to Kurt von Flemming and Lüdeke von Massow . In 1500, Count Ludwig von Eberstein transferred all rights to the castle to the Bishop of Camminer and to the cathedral chapter. Since then, Gülzow Castle served as the residence of the Bishops of Cammin until secularization after the Thirty Years' War .
In 1554 there were a total of 14 hooves, three of which were attached to the church and two to the Gülzow house. 1650 a waterworks, a windmill and an arable farm are mentioned. From the year 1670 it is reported that the castle was completely demolished, "on the other hand, a patch was built in this place, which was granted city justice from the princes after confiscation of the episcopal property".
With the death of Ernst Bogislaw von Croy in 1684, the castle, which had already fallen into disrepair, and the associated possessions were transferred to the House of Brandenburg on the basis of a contract with the Great Elector since 1650 . Together with the forecourt - the later Amtshof - it came under the administration of the Office Gülzow. According to the visitation protocols, a desolate courtyard was placed next to the Vorwerk. In addition to the Vorwerk, the Schulze and two innkeepers, each with two hooves, as well as the miller and the blacksmith, each with half a hoof, were also subject to residents who were free men and who paid taxes for a quarter hoof each. In addition to the malt mill, there was a new mill (upper mill) and a cutting mill (the latter was renewed in 1732).
In 1698 the Vorwerk was relocated near the sheep farm. In 1700 the weekly cattle markets between Michaelis and Martini were introduced. Later, five general goods and five cattle markets each took place on the Eichberg. According to Brüggemann (1784), they were "among the most famous and exceptionally good ones, so arranged in the province."
When he was residing as bishop in Gülzow, Ernst Bogislaw von Croy had a mineral spring that emerged from the court yard surrounded not far from the palace. This castle fountain, decorated with a crowned frog, was located at the exit of the village, where the road to Pribbernow and Wietstock branches off. During the tenure of pastor Christoph Schäffer, who was appointed pastor and prepositus to Gülzow by King Friedrich Wilhelm I in 1719 , the edging of the spring had to be renewed. On this occasion Schäffer had an inscription rhymed by himself with the following wording attached to the source:
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Very pure, clear water flowed from the mineral spring, which was strongly enriched in phosphoric acid iron oxide and which was expected to have certain healing effects.
In 1726, 13 residents owned some land, 20 only a cabbage garden; a total of 36 apartments were counted. 1747/49 the craft of tailors, were coopers , carpenters, wheelwrights, Rademacher, Drechsler and the hoof and gunsmiths new privileges. In the period 1749–1752 the forester's house Balbitzow was built by laying out the mutton barn. After detachment from the Gülzow manor, it formed an independent manor district of 251 hectares in size. In 1755 the new pharmacy was privileged. In 1779 there were 72 houses in the village in addition to the church, which dates from the 15th century, of which 27 had tile roofs and 42 thatched roofs; 359 people lived there. The Vorwerk with the seat of the general leaseholder was 1,770 acres , including the large area of the Obersee .
During the third Napoleonic War , Gülzow was occupied by French troops. On the night of December 7th to 8th, 1806, a skirmish broke out around the church and the cemetery with a small, partly mounted troop led by Ferdinand von Schill , which helped establish Schill's fame.
The administrative work went into private hands in 1812 and was from then on a manor. Only the 31 meter high castle tower, the only remnant of the former castle complex, came back into public hands at the behest of Friedrich Wilhelm IV . The tower was extensively renovated in 1895 and 1929. An orchard was planted on the former castle grounds. In 1842 the forester's house Gülzow was laid out near the Schneidemühlenbrücke. In 1845 Balbitzow became a separate manor district, on which 54 people lived in 1870. Later on, barns were planted on part of the 1004-acre area of Gut Balbitzow, and only a few families lived there, mostly from forest workers.
Gülzow was connected to the rail network in 1901. Gülzow became a railway junction: the branch lines Stepenitz - Treptow on the Rega and Plathe - Swinoujscie crossed here .
In 1934 the Gülzow estate was relocated. 16 settlement sites with 228 hectares were created. The Obersee fell to the community of Gülzow. In 1939 there were four farms in Gülzow with 56 hectares and three farms in Annashof with 94 hectares. In 1939 Gülzow was one of the larger communities in the Cammin district with its 1,932 inhabitants. There were seven places to live in the municipality:
- Annashof
- Fishing cottages
- Forsthaus Balbitzow
- Forsthaus Gülzow
- Gülzow, Flecken
- Obermühle
- Gülzow Castle
In 1939 the area of the village was 1900.6 hectares.
Up until 1945 there were a number of craft businesses, retail stores and small businesses in Gülzow as well as two medical practices, two dental practices, a pharmacy, a drugstore, two hotels and several restaurants. A dairy farm with advanced equipment was available for agriculture. Gülzow had a post office and a railway station each for the Reichsbahn and Greifenberger Kleinbahnen and was a railway junction. In the center there was a savings and loan fund as well as a branch of the Kreissparkasse Cammin.
Until 1945 Gülzow belonged to the district of Cammin i. Pom. in the administrative district of Stettin of Pomerania .
At the end of the Second World War , Gülzow was occupied by the Red Army in March 1945 after fighting . Because evacuation orders were issued too late, only a few managed to escape. On the morning of March 5, 1945, around 600 people in Gülzow were surprised by around 18 Soviet tanks advancing from the south and south-east . After the end of the fighting for Gülzow, early on March 5th, Soviet tanks advanced on Camminer Chaussee.
After the end of the war, Gülzow was placed under Polish administration together with all of Western Pomerania. Polish administrative offices were set up in the Cammin district between May 1945 and September 1945. Gülzow was renamed Golczewo . The expulsions to the west were mostly short-term, and those deported were only allowed to take hand luggage with them, which was very often looted during the march to the Oder and when crossing the Stettiner Haff , Dievenow and Oder.
Religions
The majority of the German population present in Gülzow until 1945 belonged to the Protestant denomination. Gülzow was the seat of the provost of the Gülzow Synod. In 1784 the Gülzower Synod consisted of a total of seven preachers who were active in the following seven parishes: 1) City of Gülzow, 2) Baumgarten, 3) Pribbernow, 4) Kantreck, 5) Schönhagen, 6) Basentin and 7) Schwanteshagen. In 1925, the Protestant population was 95.1%. The Gülzow church had the Camminer Bishop Martin Karith built at his own expense. The patron of the church was the king. By 1870 the Gülzow Synod no longer existed and was merged with Naugard. In the 19th century, a church association for Christian nursing was active in Gülzow.
- Pastors known by name before 1945
- Johann Hackvord , pastor in Gülzow since 1650 and provost of the Gülzow Synod since 1653
- Jakob Dornkrell from Eberhertz , * 1643 in Lüneburg, was provost in Gülzow from 1690–1700, † 1704
- Christoph Schäffer, pastor and provost since 1719, was considered an exemplary preacher
The Polish population present today is predominantly Catholic. There is a Jewish community in the village.
schools
In Gülzow there was a larger, multi-class elementary school until 1945. The school building was a spacious new building that replaced an older half-timbered building. Before the First World War , Gülzow also had a private school.
Development of the population
- 1782: 359, including three Jewish families
- 1791: 363, including 12 Jews
- 1846: 915
- 1867: 1269
- 1925: 1732, thereof 14 Catholics and 26 Jews as well as 45 people without any denomination information
Compare also the following bar chart for the population of the city since 1780 ..
Gmina Golczewo
The urban and rural community Golczewo covers an area of 175.39 km² with a population of 6,081.
The community is divided into 12 districts (" Schulzenämter ") in a total of 28 localities:
a) Districts:
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Other localities:
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Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
The Voivodeship Road 106 ( droga wojewódzka 106 ) runs through Golczewo from north to south, which in the north leads through Kamień Pomorski after about 20 kilometers . In the south it runs through Nowogard at the same distance and crosses Landesstraße 6 ( Europastraße 28 ). In the east-west direction, the place is crossed by the voivodship road 108 . This leads about 20 kilometers east through Płoty , in the west it joins the state road 3 ( Europastraße 65 ) after about 15 kilometers .
Golczewo was connected to the railway network of the Polish State Railways on line 420 Worowo ( Wurow ) –Płoty ( Plathe ) –Wysoka Kamieńska ( Wietstock ) until 2005 . Until 1996 the Greifenberger Kleinbahn (or Polish State Railway ) still operated the Greifenberg-Stepenitz route with the Gülzow station, and also - until 1961 - the Gülzow-Zemlin-Schnatow route .
The nearest international airport is Szczecin-Goleniów Airport as the crow flies, about 27 kilometers south of the city.
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the place
- Dietrich Masteit (1923–2020), German politician (SPD), former member of the Berlin House of Representatives
Connected to the place
- Johann Hackvord (1624–1690), German Protestant clergyman, became pastor in Gülzow in 1650 and provost of the Gülzow synod in 1653
- Klaus Harms (1906–1972), German Protestant clergyman, was pastor in Gülzow from 1931 to 1945
literature
- The district of Cammin - A Pomeranian homeland book (compiled and developed by Hasso von Fleming-Benz), Holzner, Würzburg 1970, in particular pp. 89–97: Der Flecken Gülzow .
- Johannes Hinz: Pomerania. Guide through an unforgettable country , Augsburg, 1996.
- Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . Part II, Volume 6, Anklam 1870, pp. 293-296 ( online ).
- Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Part II, Volume 1: Description of the districts belonging to the judicial district of the Royal State Colleges in Stettin . Stettin 1784, pp. 15-17 ( online ).
Web links
- City website (Polish)
- Website of the city's Jewish community (English)
Footnotes
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ a b website of the city, Golczewo na przestrzeni wieków
- ↑ a b c d e The district of Cammin - A Pomeranian homeland book (compiled and developed by Hasso von Fleming-Benz), Holzner, Würzburg 1970, in particular pp. 89–97: Der Flecken Gülzow .
- ↑ a b c d Handbook of Historic Places in Germany . Volume XII: Mecklenburg - Pommern , Kröner, Stuttgart 1996, pp. 203-204
- ↑ a b c Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Part II, Volume 1: Description of the districts belonging to the court district of the Royal State Colleges in Stettin . Stettin 1784, pp. 15-17 .
- ^ Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . Part II, Volume 6, Anklam 1870, p. 296.
- ^ Karl von Bagensky : History of the 9th Infantry Regiment, called the Colbergsche . Kolberg 1842, p. 6.
- ^ A b c Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association: The community of Gülzow, Flecken in the ehenamligen district of Cammin in Pomerania (2011).
- ↑ Flemming-Benz (1970), pp. 536-537.
- ↑ Flemming-Benz (1970), p. 541.
- ↑ Detailed description of the current state of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania ( Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann , ed.). Part II, Volume 1, Stettin 1784, pp. 15-17
- ↑ Christian Friedrich Wutstrack : Addendum to the short historical, geographical, statistical description of the royal Prussian duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Stettin 1795, p. 68.
- ↑ Wutstrack (1795), pp. 148-149.
- ↑ Berghaus (1870), p. 296.
- ↑ Berghaus (1870), p. 86.
- ↑ Christian Gottlieb Jöcher : Compendioses learned Lexicon . Volume 2, third edition, Leipzig 1733, column 929.
- ↑ Journal für Prediger , Volume 8, No. 1, Halle 1777, p. 48.
- ↑ Flemming-Benz (1970), pp. 95-96.
- ↑ a b c Berghaus (1870), p. 294.
- ↑ Christian Friedrich Wutstrack : Short historical, geographical, statistical description of the royal Prussian duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Stettin 1793, p. 736.
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↑ Source for 1780, 1846, 1837, 1939, 1960, Jan. 1, 1990; Website of the city ( Memento of the original from February 16, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. for June 2007 Główny urząd statystychny LUDNOŚĆ -STAN I STRUKTURA W PRZEKROJU TERYTORIALNYM Stan w dniu 30 VI 2007 r. ( Memento from February 16, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
Towns: Dziwnów (Dievenow Mountain) | Golczewo (Gülzow) | Kamień Pomorski (Cammin) | Międzyzdroje (Miedzyzdroje) | Wolin (Wollin) . Rural parishes : Kamień Pomorski - Gmina (Cammin - Land) | Świerzno (Schwirsen) .