Płoty

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Płoty
Płoty coat of arms
Płoty (Poland)
Płoty
Płoty
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : West Pomerania
Powiat : Gryfice
Area : 4.00  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 48 '  N , 15 ° 16'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 48 '10 "  N , 15 ° 16' 0"  E
Residents :
Postal code : 72-310
Telephone code : (+48) 91
License plate : ZGY
Economy and Transport
Street : DK 6 Kołbaskowo ↔ Pruszcz Gdański
Ext. 108 Parłówko ↔ Płoty
Ext. 109 Mrzeżyno ↔ Płoty
Rail route : PKP - route 402 Goleniów – Kołobrzeg – Koszalin
Next international airport : Szczecin-Goleniów



Płoty [ 'pwɔtɨ ] (German Plathe ) is a small town in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland . It forms the main town of Gmina Płoty (municipality of Plathe) in the powiat Gryficki (district of Greifenberg) .

Geographical location

The city is located in Western Pomerania , 75 kilometers northeast of Stettin on the Rega River , which is dammed up above the city to form a reservoir.

history

Plathe an der Rega northeast of Naugard on a map from 1905
Plathe (Plate) on the Rega (Rega fluvius) northwest of the city of Regenwalde (Regenwolde) on the map of Eilhard Lubinus from 1618 (excerpt)

The townscape of Płoty is characterized by two castles, which indicate that the town was temporarily ruled by two lords. This was the case from 1577 to 1731, when both the von der Osten and the von Blücher families shared control of Plathe.

During excavations in Plathe, Arabic coins from the 10th century were found, which suggest that a trading center must have been there very early. In the course of the eastern colonization initiated by the Pomeranian dukes , Dubislaw von Woedtke was commissioned to settle the central reaches of the Rega in the last third of the 13th century. Under Duke Barnim I , the settlement of Plathe was granted the town charter of Lübeck , 160 Hufen of land and tax-free for twelve years. In the Treaty of Vierraden, Duke Bogislaw IV of Pomerania gave the city to the von Wedell family in 1284 . This sold Plathe in 1367 on to the family von der Osten.

190 years later, in 1577, Wedige von der Osten was forced to sell the family castle and part of the town to Hermann von Blücher. To the east, a new castle was built a few hundred meters from his old castle, which belonged to the family until the expulsion in 1945. The current “new castle”, however, was only built in the early 20th century. The divided rule over Plathe ended when Matthias Conrad von der Osten (1691–1748), secret finance councilor and chief president of the Kurmark War and Domain Chamber in Berlin, married the last heiress of the von Blücher family in 1731 and the two estates were thus united.

In the second half of the 18th century, the Prussian chamberlain Friedrich Wilhelm von der Osten gave the town of Plathe nationwide recognition with the “Pomeranian Library” , which with 12,000 books, numerous paintings and tapestries was one of the largest private collections in Pomerania. It was already placed under state protection at the beginning of the 19th century and thus protected from dispersion. However, it came in the spring of 1945 when the owner at the time, Karl von Bismarck-Osten only managed to evacuate part of the building. Larger parts of the library are therefore now in the University Library in Łódź and the Polish National Library in Warsaw, part of the manuscript collection in the Greifswald State Archives (Rep. 42 Plathe) and parts of the other art collections, e.g. B. the portraits of the Pomeranian dukes in the Pomeranian State Museum in Greifswald.

From 1818 Plathe was in the Regenwalde district created by the Prussian administrative reform . The railway lines to Altdamm and Greifenberg i. Pom. the connection to the Pomeranian railway network was created. In contrast to other cities in the neighborhood, despite the rail connection, only little industry settled. After the end of the First World War , new residential areas were built on the arterial road. At the beginning of the 20th century, the palace complex was expanded by Karl von Bismarck-Osten into the largest palace and park complex in Western Pomerania.

Towards the end of the Second World War , the Red Army occupied the city without a fight in March 1945 . Subsequently, Plathe was placed under Polish administration together with the whole of Pomerania and renamed Płoty . By July 1945, the residents were out of town Plathes sold .

Population numbers

Population 1740–1987
  • 1740: 600
  • 1782: 590, including 16 Jews
  • 1794: 681, including 16 Jews
  • 1812: 795, including three Catholics and ten Jews
  • 1816: 802, including four Catholics and 18 Jews
  • 1831: 1420, including three Catholics and 37 Jews
  • 1843: 1771, including two Catholics and 37 Jews
  • 1852: 2031, including six Catholics and 75 Jews
  • 1861: 2227, including nine Catholics and 58 Jews
  • 1875: 2137
  • 1880: 2226
  • 1925: 3315, including 27 Catholics and 18 Jews
  • 1933: 3670
  • 1939: 3653

Parish

The parish was Protestant from the Reformation until the end of World War II and belonged to the Greifenberg Synod. The names of some people who have been priests in Plathe since the Reformation have come down to us from documents of the Osten family.

Priest since the Reformation
  • Dinies Volckmar, † 1553 on Wednesday after Laetare
  • Ambrosius burbot
  • Magister Gregorius Berckholtz, lived 1606 and 1625
  • Daniel Crüger, from Belgard in Western Pomerania , 1631
  • Matthias Fabricius von Daber, 1640 (secretly left the parish office for personal reasons and is said to have died in Wittenberg).
  • Johann Crüger (son of the above-mentioned preacher Daniel Crüger), 1661–1700, † December 2, 1700 after 40 years in office at the age of 68 years and three months, had been senior of the Greifenberg Synod for 18 years
  • Magister Johann Ventzke (son of a preacher from Güntershagen near Dramburg), 1701–1737, † March 22, 1737 after 35 years in office at the age of 71

coat of arms

Blazon : "The red Pomeranian griffin in silver."

In the Sigillum Civitatis Plote from the 14th century, a clover plant appears between the front and rear feet of the left-turned griffin. A city seal marked 1697 and the court seal from 1599 also repeat this image, while the newer seals omit the plant and turn the griffin to the right.

Blücherschloss in Plathe
New Castle (Ostenschloss) in Plathe

Attractions

These include the two castles of the Osten and Blücher families. The Ostensche Schloss is a three-storey building with wings attached at right angles. The Blücherschloss, which was destroyed by arson in 1869, was restored after 1945. It is a three-storey building decorated with columns and lion heads.

Town twinning

There is a city partnership with the Schleswig-Holstein city of Niebüll .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Connected to the city

traffic

The neighboring cities of Nowogard ( Naugard ) and Gryfice ( Greifenberg ) can both be reached via Landesstraße 6 (former German Reichsstraße 2 , now also Europastraße 28 ) and Voiwodschaftsstraße 109 (former Reichsstraße 161 ), which lead through Plathe.

In the place the railway lines No. 402 Goleniów ( Gollnow ) - Kołobrzeg ( Kolberg ) - Koszalin ( Köslin ) and No. 420 from Worowo ( Wurow ) to Wysoka Kamieńska ( Wietstock ) cross . The latter railway line is no longer in operation.

literature

  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania - description of the conditions of this country in the second half of the 19th century . Part II: Land book of the Duchy of Stettin, of Kamin and Western Pomerania; or the administrative district of the Königl. Government to Szczecin . Volume 7: The rainforest district, and news of the spread of the Roman Catholic. Church in Pomerania. Berlin and Wriezen 1874, pp. 487–682.
  • Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Part II, Volume 1: Description of the court district of the Royal. State colleges in Stettin belonging to the Eastern Pomeranian districts . Stettin 1784, pp. 361-364 and p. 371, no. 16.
  • Peter Johanek , Franz-Joseph Post (ed.); Thomas Tippach, Roland Lesniak (arrangement): City Book of Hinterpommern (= German City Book , Volume 3.2). Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-17-018152-1 , pp. 174-177.
  • Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania - an outline of their history, mostly according to documents . Berlin 1865, pp. 296-299 ( full text ).

Web links

Commons : Płoty  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Plate in the Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Johann Heinrich Zedler et al. (Editor): Great complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 28, Halle and Leipzig 1741, columns 682-683.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Kratz (1865), pp. 298-299.
  3. ^ A b c d Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. regenwalde.html # ew39rgnwhplathe. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  4. ^ Płoty
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h Johann Heinrich Zedler et al. (Editor): Great complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 28, Halle and Leipzig 1741, column 683.
  6. ^ German town book - Handbook of urban history by Prof. Dr. Erich Keyser , published in 1939 by W. Kohlhammer Verlag Stuttgart Volume I Northeast Germany Page 211/212
  7. ^ German local coats of arms by Prof. Otto Hupp , published in 1925 by Kaffee-Handels-Aktiengesellschaft Bremen