Reichsstrasse 2
| Reichsstrasse 2 in the German Empire | |
|
|
| Basic data | |
| Operator: |
 German Empire
|
Reichsstraße 2 (abbreviation: R 2), which runs on very old traffic routes and post roads, existed until 1945 as the state road of the German Reich . In the 19th century it was expanded in individual sections and in 1932 was given the name Fernverkehrsstraße 2 (FVS 2) on the main section that was then part of the German Reich, and from 1934 Reichsstraße 2.
General
Originally, trunk road 2, introduced in 1932, began at the German-Polish border near Groß Boschpol , but was then relocated back to Dirschau (Tczew) in the 1930s through the introduction of Reichsstrasse numbering in the area of the Free City of Danzig , where it was in the Polish corridor , the area of the former province of West Prussia , at the Weichselbrücke Dirschau connection to Reichsstraße 1 , which reached from the Lithuanian border at Eydtkuhnen via Königsberg (Prussia) and Berlin to the Dutch border at Aachen . The inclusion of the sections on Polish territory in the two streets numbered in this way was, however, only theoretical until the outbreak of World War II .
The R 2 ran from Dirschau first northwards via Danzig (Polish: Gdańsk) and then swiveled westwards via Köslin (Koszalin) to Stettin (Szczecin), from where it crossed the R 1 again southwards in Berlin before it reached the Austrian border at Mittenwald via Potsdam , Leipzig , Nuremberg , Augsburg and Munich . The total length of the road was 1360 kilometers.
Between 1939 and 1945 the entire course of the R 2 described here lay as a Reichsstraße in the German Reich, until the entire east of Germany came to Poland after the end of the Second World War.
In today's Poland, the Polish state roads Droga krajowa 1 (DK 1 = European route 75 ), Droga krajowa 6 (DK 6) and Droga krajowa 13 (DK 13), now supported by the provincial road Droga wojewódzka 468 (DW 468), take on the tasks of the earlier ones R 2 is true, until it reaches today's Polish-German border crossing Rosówek / Rosow after the first 400 kilometers and then receives the name of the German federal highway 2 .
Between 1945 and 1990 there was no crossing on the border between Poland and the Soviet occupation zone, as was the later GDR . The traffic led a few kilometers further north on the autostrada 6 / today's federal highway 11 (border crossing Kołbaskowo / Pomellen ). As far as the border with the Federal Republic of Germany at Gefell / Töpen , the R 2 was called Fernverkehrsstrasse 2 (F 2). The Töpen-Juchhöh border crossing on the F 2 existed between 1951 and 1966 on the diversion route for the Saale bridge , which was destroyed in the war, along the federal highway 9 .
Today the old R 2 connects the two voivodeships of Pomerania and West Pomerania with their two capitals, Gdansk and Stettin, on Polish territory .
Dirschau – Rosow route
Reichsstraße 2 ran for about 400 kilometers in the first section from Dirschau in West Prussia via Danzig and Stettin to the former Pomeranian and now Brandenburg Rosow , today's border town on the Polish-German border.
Province of West Prussia / Danzig
Dirschau – Danzig
/ 
(Today's Droga krajowa 1 = Europastraße 75 )
At the Vistula Bridge in Dirschau (Polish: Tczew, Kashubian: Dërszewò) in today's Pomeranian Voivodeship, the R 2 branched off from the R 1 , that of Eydtkuhnen (now Russian: Чернышевское / Tschernyschewskoje) and Königsberg (Prussia) (Кнаралин ) (Кнаралин) came and led directly to Berlin and on to Aachen. Today's intersection of both roads is four kilometers further south, where today's DK 1 branches off from DK 22 .
However, Berlin was also a station on the R 2, which, however, headed for this destination on the way via Danzig / Stettin between the Baltic Sea coast and the Pomeranian Lake District . After more than 500 kilometers, the R 1 and R 2 will meet at Berlin's Alexanderplatz , a short time later again in Potsdam at the Alter Markt , and then go their separate ways again.
Dirschau belonged to Poland between 1920 and 1939 and was a border town between the Free City of Danzig and the Polish corridor . Between 1939 and 1945 the district of Dirschau belonged again to the German Reich, and since then has belonged again to Poland.
Mühlbanz (Miłobądz / Mëłobònc) - today already part of the powiat Gdański / District of Danzig - and Hohenstein (Pszczółczi / Pszczółczi) are the first places here in the Pomeranian region and Kashubia that the R 2 passes through. A few kilometers behind the city center of Dirschau, the old R 2 meets the DK 1 , which is in effect today , which - as European route 75 - leads the state road to Gdansk on the route of the R 2.
Hohenstein R 2 has the old imperial railway line (and present-day Polish state railway) from Tczew to Berent crossed (Gdańsk), and in the next place Russo Schin (Rusocin) the new crossing A 1 and the expressway S 6 the course of R 2. Now reached the former district of Danziger Höhe , which was integrated into the Free City of Danzig between 1920 and 1939 , which was under the supervision of the League of Nations .
After passing through Praust (Pruszcz Gdański / Pruszcz Gdóńsczi) with the crossing of today's state railway line 229 and the crossing of the Radaune (Radunia) river, the R 2 reaches today's urban area of Gdańsk (Gdańsk / Gduńsk), in which the villages Gutherberge (Gd .-Lipce / Gd.-Lëpicz) and Ohra were incorporated after 1945.
In downtown Gdańsk-Śródmieście, the R 2 met the R 130 , which - today initially as DK 7 ( European route 77 ), led via Elbing (Elbląg) to Allenstein (Olsztyn). While today's DK 1 now leaves the former route of the R 2 and leads to the Danzig harbor area (ferry to Helsinki, etc.), the newly introduced DW 468 now follows the old path of the R 2 through today's tri-city Gdańsk (Danzig) - Sopot (Sopot ) - Gdynia (Gdynia).
Gdansk – Sopot – Gdynia
(today's Droga wojewódzka 468 )
From the center of Gdańsk, the R 2 route leads along the Baltic Sea coast with a view of the water in the east and large forests in the west, which are now part of the Trójmiejski Park Krajobrazowy , the Trójmiejski Park . The R 2 is now accompanied for almost 250 kilometers by the old Reichsbahn line Danzig – Stettin – Berlin, which is now shortened as Polish State Railway No. 202 from Gdański to Stargard (Stargard in Pomerania) and will often cross the road.
Via the Langfuhr district (Gd.-Wrzeszcz), the R 2 now reaches Oliva (Gd.-Oliwa / Gd.-Òlëwô) with the famous cathedral and the immortal sounds of its organ.
After leaving the Gdańsk urban area, the R 2 runs through the former district of Neustadt (Westpr.) , Which has now given way to the Tricity area. With Sopot (Sopot / Sopòtë) the R 2 reaches a bathing and health resort that used to be popular and popular, which has now also become the bishop's seat of the diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland . In Sopot, the R 2 crosses the aforementioned railway line to Stettin and Berlin for the first time.
In Adlershorst , Gdynia (Gdynia / Gdiniô) is the third city of the Tricity, whose name was briefly Gotenhafen . Here, too, the aforementioned R 2 railway “gets in the way”, and a little later the DW 468 ends in Ciessau (Gdynia-Cisowa / Gd.-Cësowô) to merge with DK 6 , which is now on the route to Stettin the old R 2 follows.
Gdynia - Neustadt (West Prussia) - Strebielin ( Strebelsdorf )
/ 
(today's Droga krajowa 6 = Europastraße 28 )
The R 2 has left the narrow street through the Tricity and makes a long bend westwards. The view becomes clear for the tranquil landscape of the former district of Neustadt (Westpr.) , Which is now called Powiat Wejherowski . The old Reichsstraße runs through northern Kashubia on a slightly hilly plain and leaves the large forest areas of the landscape protection park in the south.
The R 2 now leads through the towns of Rahmel (Rumia / Rëmiô) and Rheda (Reda / Réda), runs along the river of the same name, Rheda (Reda), and reaches the district town of Neustadt in West Prussia (Wejherowo / Wejrowò), not without the one again to have crossed old railway line to Stettin – Berlin and the railway line Rheda – Hela (today state railway line No. 213: Reda – Hel).
Neustadt is the northern center of the Kashubian region with the famous Way of the Cross with 26 chapels and the 102 meter high Castle Hill (Zamkowa Góra) in the south.
The R 2 continues in a westerly direction and after three kilometers reaches Bohlschau (Bolszewo / Bólszéwò) and then Strebielin (1942 Stromeck , 1943–1945 Strebelsdorf , today Strzebielino / Strzebielëno). This is where the border between Poland ( Polish Corridor ) and the Pomerania province of the German Reich that existed between 1920 and 1939 has been reached, which previously also marked the border between the Prussian provinces of West Prussia and Pomerania .
Pomeranian Province
Strebielin ( Strebelsdorf ) - Lauenburg (Pomerania) - Stolp
Strebielin ( Strebelsdorf ) was also the border station on the Reichsbahn line Danzig - Stettin - Berlin, which now crosses the R 2 again in Klein Boschpol (Bożepole Małe / Môłe Bòżépòlé) shortly after the river Leba (Łeba) was crossed, which is now on the northern side accompanied the road.
With the little village of Klein Boschpol, the former district of Lauenburg in Pomerania (today Powiat Lęborski ) is reached, and after another ten kilometers the R 2 has reached the center of the Pomeranian district town of Lauenburg (Lębork / Läbòrg).
The tower of the St. Jakobi Church, which characterizes the cityscape and is visible from afar, may also have been the orientation of those who traveled to Lauenburg via Reichsstraße 158 . Alongside the R 1 and R 2, the R 158 is the third important connection road from Berlin to Pomerania, which starts in Berlin-Weißensee on the R 2 (!) (Now relocated to Berlin-Biesdorf ) and via Pyritz , Dramburg , Neustettin and Bütow to Lauenburg, replaced today by DK 20 and the DW 212 and DW 214 that compensate for the end . In Lauenburg, the R 2 crosses the former Reichsbahn line Lauenburg– Narwitz , which is now the state railway line No. 229 from the coastal town of Łeba ( Leba ) to Pruszcz Gdański ( Praust ), where it crossed the R 2 before.
Leaving the bridge over the Leba (Łeba) behind you, the R 2 leads in the direction of Stolp ( Słupsk / Stôłpsk), to Lischnitz (Lésnice / Lésnëce) accompanied by the Leba, which then swings northwards, and goes through the villages of Langeböse ( Pogorzelice / Pogorzelëce) Karlshöhe (Chlewnica) Darsin (Darżyno / Dôrżënò) Poganitz (Poganice / Pògóńce) Dumröse (Domaradz / Domaréza) and Mahnwitz (Mianowice / Miônójce), all already for county Stolp ( słupsk county belong). 50 kilometers from Lauenburg the R 2 arrives in the former residence town of Stolp.
Stolp – Schlawe – Köslin
The R 2 - here still perceived by the Polish DK 6 - leads right into the middle of the town of Stolp ( Słupsk / Stôłpsk), which is determined by the towers of the St. Mary's and St. John's / Castle Church , which takes its name from the thanks to the river Stolpe (Słupia) crossing it . In the former royal seat, the R 125 crosses the route of the R 2. It comes from Stolpmünde (Ustka) and continues to Rummelsburg (Miastko), and today the DW 210 complements the DK 21 .
At the exit from Stolp's city center (the bypass road south of the city is still being planned), the R 2 crosses - as so often before - the Danzig – Berlin railway, as well as the old Stolp - Rummelsburg (Miastko) - Neustettin (Szczecinek) railway , which today as the Polish state railway line No. 405 from Ustka ( Stolpmünde ) continues to Piła ( Schneidemühl ).
Ulrichsfelde (Bolesławice) and Zitzewitz (Sycewice) are the next villages on the R 2, which shortly after the - already familiar - railroad crossing leaves not only the district of Stolp , but also today's Pomeranian Voivodeship , which here is part of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship " gives ". After just four kilometers, Notzkow (Noskowo) is the first place on the soil of the Schlawe district in Pomerania (today Powiat Sławieński ) to greet the R 2, which finally reaches the district town of Schlawe (Sławno) after another ten kilometers at the Stolper Tor , shortly after crossing the Wipper (Wieprza). Here the R 2 meets Reichsstrasse 159 , which led via Bublitz ( Bobolice ) to Tempelburg (Czaplinek), which is now taken over by the voivodship roads DW 205 and DW 171 .
In Schlawe, the R 2 bypasses the old St. Mary's Church and again crosses the Gdansk-Berlin railway and the old Schlawe – Bütow railway line , which is now served by the state railway line No. 418 Darłowo ( Rügenwalde ) - Korzybie ( Zollbrück ) becomes. From the following 43 kilometers to Köslin (Koszalin), another 35 kilometers run on the soil of the Schlawe district in Pomerania , whose villages line up like pearls on a string on the R 2: Alt Bewersdorf (Bobrowice), Karwitz (Karwice), Malchow (Malechowo), Nemitz (Niemica), Panknin (Pękanino) and the city of Zanow (Sianów), although the latter is already part of the Koszaliński powiat . Finally, the R 2 makes a turn to the north, below the famous Gollenberg (Góra Chełmska) and drives to Köslin (Koszalin), the city that was the seat of the Köslin administrative district until 1945 and housed the offices of the Köslin Voivodeship from 1975 to 1998 , until it was united with the Szczecin Voivodeship to form the West Pomeranian Voivodeship (seat in Szczecin). Today, however, Köslin is the bishopric of the Roman Catholic diocese Köslin-Kolberg , whose cathedral is St. Mary's Church.
In Koszalin, the R 2 meets the national highway 160 , which - by Kolberg Coming (Kołobrzeg) - about Bublitz ( Bobolice ) and Neustettin (Szczecinek) until after Schneidemühl leads (Piła) and now by the (even down to the Upper Silesian Bytom (Bytom ) leading) DK 11 is replaced.
Köslin – Plathe – Naugard
The R 2 - also called Droga krajowa 6 - leaves the city of Köslin, not without having crossed the Gdansk – Berlin railway line again, for the last time before they meet again in Stettin . The old Reichsstraße now takes its course in the south-westerly direction through the villages of Kothlow (Kotłowo) and Biziker (Biesiekierz), which belong to the district of Köslin ( Powiat Koszaliński ) , in the already perceived expansive width of the lanes . After 15 kilometers, the Kolberg-Körlin district began here , today it is the powiat Białogardzki , whose district town Białogard (Belgard) is only a few kilometers further south. At its beginning, the small river Radüe (Radew) welcomes the R 2 and leads it to Körlin (Karlino), where it flows into the Persante (Parsęta).
In Körlin, the R 2 crosses the state railway line Kolberg (Kołobrzeg) - Belgard (Białogard) - Schneidemühl (Piła), which is now served by the state railway line No. 404 Kołobrzeg - Szczecinek ( Neustettin ), and also the Persante (Parsęta), which flows to the Baltic Sea . Then she sets course again and travels through the flat hilly area of what is now known as the “Puszcza Koszalińska” (“Köslin Heath”). With the passage through Mallnow (Malonowo), Lestin (Leszczyn) and Roman (Rymań), the R 2 leaves the Kolberg-Körlin district (which is called Powiat Kołobrzeski from Leszczyn ), crosses Molstow (Mołstowa) and drives into the former Regenwalde district (on the Polish side called Powiat Gryficki ( Greifenberg )) via Pinnow (Pniewo) and Witzmitz (Wicemice) to Plathe (Płoty).
In the small town of Plathe, Reichsstrasse 161 Kolberg –Plathe– Labes (Łobez) crossed the R 2, which is now being replaced by the voivodship roads DW 109 and DW 152 . In the town center, the R 2 crosses the Rega , which flows into the Baltic Sea around 50 kilometers further north . The old state railway line Wietstock - Plathe - Labes (today state railway line No. 420 Wysoka Kamieńska - Płoty - Worowo ) crosses the route of the R 2, which continues through the former Regenwalde district (or Powiat Gryficki on the Polish side ), then into the former District Naugard (Nowogard) - now called Powiat Goleniowski ( Gollnow ) in Poland - enters and crosses the Reichsbahn line Kolberg - Gollnow - Stettin (state railway line No. 402 Koszalin - Kołobrzeg - Goleniów) right at the beginning at Groß Sabow (Żabowo) .
After entering the "Nizina Szczecińska" ("Stettin Plain"), the R 2 doesn't have to go far until it stops in the former district town of Naugard (Nowogard), which is already visible from afar through the towering St. Church greets.
Naugard - Gollnow - Szczecin
In Naugard , Reichsstraße 2 gives off the traffic that branches off via the former Reichsstraße 163 or today's DW 106 south towards Stargard in Pommern (Stargard). The R 2 says goodbye to Naugard and drives through the former districts named after it (today Powiat Goleniowski ) such as Wolchow (Olchowo), Retztow (Tedostowo) and Glewitz (Glewice). After 25 kilometers it reaches the current district town of Goleniów (Gollnow), the importance of which has increased significantly with the installation of the Szczecin-Goleniów airport in its area.
After crossing the old state railway line Stettin - Gollnow - Swinoujście (Świnoujście) (today's Polish state railway line No. 401 with the same route) in the shadow of the worth seeing St. Catherine's Church, the R 2 leaves the town of Gollnow in through the Wolliner Tor (Brama Wolińska) southerly direction and sets course for the former Pomeranian state capital and today's West Pomeranian voivodeship capital Szczecin.
Already in the former. For county Randow belonging place Altdamm (Szczecin-Dąbie) reaches the R2 now the city of Szczecin. It crosses the Oder (Odrą), passes through the Lastadie (Łasztownia) district and reaches the center of the city , which is characterized by the sight of the St. Jakobi Church (today the cathedral for the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Stettin-Cammin ) and the ducal castle above the Hakenterrasse Szczecin.
In the city center (Śródmieście), the R 2 crosses the old Reichsstraße 104 , which runs in a west-east direction and connected the Hanseatic city of Lübeck on the one hand and eastern Pomerania on the other with the Pomeranian capital. Today the DK 10 performs its task , which, however, leaves the guidance to Lübeck on the current Polish-German border to the federal highway 104 .
Szczecin-Rosow
(today's Droga krajowa 13 )
At the intersection with the R 104 , the old R 2 turns south and is now called Droga krajowa 13 . While still within the urban area, the R 2 crosses the Stettin – Pasewalk – Neunbrandenburg railway and also the Reichsbahn line Danzig – Stettin – Berlin, which has proven itself to be a loyal companion over more than two hundred kilometers between Danzig and Köslin. On its direct course to Berlin, the R 2 passes through the place Pritzlow (Przecław) and also Kolbitzow (Kołbaskowo) (both places are now in the Powiat Policki ( Pölitz )). In Kolbitzow you can get to the former Reichsautobahn and today's Autostrada 6 , which crosses today's Polish-German border a few kilometers to the west and leads to Berlin as Federal Autobahn 11 .
But after only a few kilometers, the R 2 reaches Rosówek ( Neu Rosow ), which marks the Polish side of the border crossing next to Rosow , which is on the German side . This is where the first section of Reichsstraße 2 ends, the route of which now runs as Bundesstraße 2 via Schwedt and Angermünde to Berlin , before moving south to the Austrian border.
In Rosow you can stop at the Memorial Church, which was only built in the 21st century through the renovation of the old village church and aims to be a German-Polish memorial reminiscent of escape, expulsion and a new beginning.
Route Rosow – Mittenwald / Scharnitz
Detailed description in the article Bundesstrasse 2
Route Mittenwald / Scharnitz – Brenner Pass
After Austria was annexed to the German Reich , Seefelder Strasse and Brennerstrasse were also integrated into Reichsstrasse 2. With a total of 48 km long section between Scharnitz and Brenner Pass , Reichsstraße 2 had its historically greatest length of 1408 km.
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Carsten Wasow: The federal and former imperial roads in Germany. Reichsstrasse 1934. Accessed December 13, 2014.
- ↑ According to www.landkartenarchiv.de ( Memento of the original dated December 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Accessed December 13, 2014.
