Kościerzyna

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Kościerzyna
Kościerzyna coat of arms
Kościerzyna (Poland)
Kościerzyna
Kościerzyna
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Pomerania
Powiat : Kościerzyna
Area : 15.83  km²
Geographic location : 54 ° 7 ′  N , 17 ° 58 ′  E Coordinates: 54 ° 7 ′ 0 ″  N , 17 ° 58 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 150 m npm
Residents : 23,776
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 83-400 and 83-401
Telephone code : (+48) 58
License plate : GKS
Economy and Transport
Street : DK 20 : Gdynia - Bytów - Stargard
Ext. 214 : Łeba - Lębork - Skórcz - Warlubie
DW 221 : Kościerzyna - Kołbudy Dolny - Danzig
Rail route : PKP route 201: Nowa Wieś Wielka – Gdynia ,
211: Chojnice –Kościerzyna, and formerly 233: Pszczółki –Kościerzyna
Next international airport : Danzig
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Surface: 15.83 km²
Residents: 23,776
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 1502 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 2206011
Administration (as of 2015)
Mayor : Michał Majewski
Address: ul. 3 Maja 9 A
83-400 Kościerzyna
Website : www.koscierzyna.gda.pl



Kościerzyna [ kɔɕʨɛˈʒɨna ] ( German Berent ) is a city in Kashubia in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship .

Geographical location

The city is located in the historic Pomeranian countryside , in the former West Prussia , about 30 kilometers east of Bytów ( Bütow in Hinterpommern ) and 50 kilometers southwest of the city of Danzig .

A lake east of the city is the starting point of the river Wierzyca ( heel ), a left tributary of the Vistula .

history

Partial bird's eye view of the city.
Fountain in the city center
Marketplace

When it was first mentioned in a document in 1284, the place was named Costerina . It was a presentation of 21 locations in the country of Dirsoua (Dirschau) by the East Pomeranian Duke Mestwin II. To Duchess Gertrud, the youngest daughter of Sambor II. Von Dirschau.

The village belonged to the Teutonic Order State since 1308 ; a place name handed down from this time is Bern . The year in which Berent received city rights is unknown, as the privilege has been lost. The old city seal has not been preserved either. The name of the city could be related to the knights of berries , from whom the order had acquired the neighboring town of Bütow ; the new city seal shows a bear .

When the ranks of some Prussian cities in alliance with the Kingdom of Poland rose against the Teutonic Order in the Thirteen Years War , Berent was plundered and completely cremated by a Polish army in 1463 (apparently devoted to the order). In the middle of the 15th century there were about 300 houses in the city. The inhabitants lived for the most part from agriculture, but also from crafts and beer brewing. From 1466 to 1772 Berent belonged to the autonomous Prussian Royal Share , which had voluntarily submitted to the Crown of Poland, and was part of the Pomeranian Voivodeship . On the occasion of the establishment of the Union of Lublin on the Lublin Sejm , King Sigismund II unilaterally terminated the autonomy of West Prussia on March 16, 1569 under threat of severe penalties, which is why the sovereignty of the Polish king in this part of the former territory of the Teutonic Order from 1569 to 1772 was felt as foreign rule, especially by the German population.

During the Swedish invasion of Prussia's royal part in the Polish-Swedish War in 1626, the city burned down completely. There were further city fires in 1646, 1663 and 1669 in part and again in full in 1709.

In 1772, after the first partition of Poland , the city was assigned to the new Prussian province of West Prussia . In 1818 it became the seat of a district. The position as a district town brought the place a revival of trade and handicrafts. In 1885 Berent was connected to the railway network, with a branch line that branched off in Hohenstein ( Pszczółki ) from the Dirschau ( Tczew ) - Danzig branch of the Prussian Eastern Railway, which was opened in 1852 . At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, a paved road to Gdansk was built, which was also important for trade. Around 1900 there was a Protestant church, a Catholic church, a synagogue , a Progymnasium , a teacher training college , a district court and some medium-sized companies in Berent .

In the Reichstag elections in 1907 and 1912 , the Polish party received over 60% of the votes in the Berent / Preußisch Stargard constituency ( Berent , Preußisch Stargard and Dirschau districts ) . During this time Berent was represented in the Prussian state parliament by the Polish MP Stanisław Bolesław Kostka .

When the provisions of the Versailles Treaty came into force in January 1920 after the First World War and the Polish Corridor was relocated through German territory, Berent came to Poland . During the invasion of Poland on September 2, 1939, the city was occupied by the German Wehrmacht , annexed by the German Reich and assigned to the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia . There were persecutions, executions of doctors, teachers and clergymen, and deportations to concentration camps . Underground activities against the Germans were mainly carried out by the underground organization "Gryf Pomorski".

Towards the end of World War II , Berent was occupied by the Red Army on March 8, 1945 and again part of Poland. Just under 8,000 people still lived in the place. The German population was largely expelled from Berent by the local Polish administrative authority .

During an administrative reform in 1975, the city lost its position as the (district) seat of a powiat , but received it again in 1999.

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1772 0602
1784 over 600 in 97 houses, mostly Catholic Poles and some German Protestant families
1816 0796
1831 1,592 mostly Catholics, some Protestant families and Jews
1852 2,625
1867 4,004 thereof 1,305 Evangelicals, 2,268 Catholics and 431 Jews
1871 4.136
1875 4.138
1880 4,238
1890 4,299 1,322 Protestants and 396 Jews (approx. 2,580 Catholics), 1,700 Poles
1900 4,910 mostly Catholics
1905 6,207
1920 6,500 mostly Poland
1943 8,385
Population since 1945
year 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Residents 10,900 15,100 18,664 22,663 23,722

traffic

Diesel locomotive SP47-001 in the Kościerzyna Railway Museum

Kościerzyna is the junction of the Nowa Wieś Wielka – Gdynia , Chojnice – Kościerzyna and formerly Pszczółki – Kościerzyna railway lines .

A railway museum has been set up in the former depot. In addition to various German and Polish locomotives, a Berlin S-Bahn car formerly used in Danzig can be seen there.

Twin cities

mayor

sons and daughters of the town

Kościerzyna Rural Commune

The rural community Kościerzyna, to which the city itself does not belong, covers an area of ​​310.15 km² and has 16,036 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).

literature

Web links

Commons : Kościerzyna  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Kościerzyna Railway Museum  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ Website of the municipality, Burmistrz , accessed on March 11, 2015
  3. ^ Max Toeppen : Historisch-comparative geography of Prussia. Gotha 1858, p. 225.
  4. ↑ Friedrich August Voßberg : History of the Prussian coins and seals from the earliest times to the end of the rule of the Teutonic Order . Berlin 1843, p. 45 below.
  5. ^ A b c Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II, Marienwerder 1789, pp. 66–67, No. 5.
  6. ^ Hans Prutz : History of the Neustadt district in West Prussia . Danzig 1872, p. 104 .
  7. ^ A. Reusch: West Prussia under Polish scepter. Ceremonial speech given at the Elbinger Gymnasium on 13th Spt. 1872 . In: Altpreußieche Monatsschrift , NF, Volume 10, Königsberg 1873, pp. 140–154, especially p. 146 .
  8. ^ Hans Prutz : History of the Neustadt district in West Prussia . Danzig 1872, p. 104 ff .
  9. ^ A b Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition, Volume 2, Leipzig / Vienna 1906, p. 656.
  10. ↑ a b Brockhaus' Kleines Konversations-Lexikon . 5th edition, Volume 1, Leipzig 1911, p. 184.
  11. ^ A b c d Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Province of West Prussia, Berent district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  12. ↑ a b Erich Weise (ed.): Handbook of historical sites. Volume: East and West Prussia (= Kröner's pocket edition. Volume 317). Unchanged reprint of the 1st edition 1966. Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X , pp. 15-16
  13. ↑ Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 1: AF , Halle 1821, page 87, item 1528.
  14. ^ August Eduard Preuss: Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, p. 390, no.23.
  15. ^ Kraatz: Topographical-statistical manual of the Prussian state . Berlin 1856, p. 35.
  16. ^ A b Gustav Neumann: Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, p. 44, point 6.
  17. ↑ The Big Brockhaus . 15th edition, Volume 2, Leipzig 1929, p. 540.