District of Prussian Stargard
The district of Preußisch Stargard was a Prussian district that existed from 1772 to 1920 with different delimitations. It was located in the part of West Prussia that fell to Poland after the First World War through the Treaty of Versailles in 1920 and was called the Polish Corridor . Its county seat was Prussian Stargard . From 1939 to 1945 the district was re-established in occupied Poland as part of the newly established Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia . Today the former district area is in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship .
history
With the first partition of Poland , the area came to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1772 and belonged to the province of West Prussia , which was divided into six large districts, including the Stargard district. The Prussian provincial authorities ordinance of April 30, 1815 and its implementing provisions made the area part of the Danzig administrative district of the province of West Prussia. As part of a comprehensive district reform in the Danzig administrative district, a new, smaller Stargard district was formed on April 1, 1818. It now comprised the cities of Dirschau and Stargard, the domain offices of Stargard and Subkau and the administrative offices of Pelplin and Bordzichow. The district office was in Stargard (from the middle of the 19th century Prussian Stargard ).
From December 3, 1829 to April 1, 1878, West Prussia and East Prussia were united to form the Province of Prussia , which had belonged to the North German Confederation since July 1, 1867 and to the German Empire since January 1, 1871 .
The continuous growth of the population in the 19th century required a district reform in West Prussia. Thus, on October 1st, 1887, the new Dirschau district was created , to which the Preußisch Stargard district gave the northern part of its district area with the city of Dirschau and its surrounding area.
Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the Preußisch Stargard district had to be ceded to Poland on January 10, 1920 . The Prussian Stargard district continued to exist as a Powiat Starogardzki ( Stargarder Kreis ).
population
Ethnic composition
In 1905, 28% of the district's population were German-speaking and 72% were Polish or Kashubian-speaking.
Development of the population
| year | number |
|---|---|
| 1821 | 29,461 |
| 1831 | 34,365 |
| 1852 | 53,199 |
| 1861 | 60,431 |
| 1871 | 71.180 |
| 1890 | 49.501 |
| 1900 | 58,188 |
| 1910 | 65,427 |
Note: In 1887, the Stargard district was reduced in size when the new Dirschau district was formed.
Denominations
| year | evangelical | Catholic | Jewish | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| absolutely | % | absolutely | % | absolutely | % | |||
| 1821 | 5,884 | 20.0 | 22,722 | 77.1 | 806 | 2.7 | ||
| 1852 | 14.006 | 26.3 | 37,809 | 71.1 | 1,274 | 2.4 | ||
| 1871 | 17,740 | 24.9 | 51,656 | 72.6 | 11,541 | 2.2 | ||
| after the downsizing of 1887 | ||||||||
| 1890 | 10,388 | 21.0 | 38,401 | 77.6 | 623 | 1.3 | ||
| 1910 | 13,638 | 20.8 | 51,335 | 78.5 | 404 | 0.6 | ||
politics
District administrators
- 1772–1782 Borckmann's councilor
- 1782–1807 Franz Dietrich von Wobeser
- 1818–1819 Christian Friedrich Gottlieb Rhau ( acting )
- 1819–1847 Friedrich Wilhelm von Schlieben
- 1847–1850 Endel ( provisional )
- 1850–1851 Bruno von Schrötter (1816–1888) ( acting )
- 1851–1872 Karl von Neefe (1820–1899)
- 1872–1875 Anton Rothe (1837–1905)
- 1875–1887 Axel Döhn († 1909)
- 1887–1908 Franz Hagen
- 1908–1911 Konrad Schulte-Heuthaus
- 1911–1919 Leopold Wiesner (1876–1945)
- 1919–1920 Government Assessor Kramer
elections
In the German Reich, the Prussian Stargard and Berent districts formed the Danzig 5 Reichstag constituency within the boundaries of 1871 . This constituency was won by candidates from the Polish parliamentary group in all Reichstag elections between 1871 and 1912 :
- 1871 Michael von Kalkstein
- 1874 Michael von Kalkstein
- 1877 Adam von Sierakowski
- 1878 Adam von Sierakowski
- 1881 Michael von Kalkstein
- 1884 Michael von Kalkstein
- 1887 Michael von Kalkstein
- 1890 Boleslaw von Kossowski
- 1893 Michael von Kalkstein
- 1898 Anton Neubauer
- 1903 Wladislaus von Wolszlegier
- 1907 Jan Brejski
- 1912 Petrus Dunajski
cities and communes
In 1910, the Preußisch Stargard district included the city of Preußisch Stargard and 76 rural communities.
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Numerous manor districts also belonged to the district .
The district of Preußisch Stargard in occupied Poland 1939–1945
history
After the attack on Poland and the subsequent annexation of the district area by the German Reich, the district was re-established under the name Landkreis Preußisch Stargard in the newly established Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia from 1939 to 1945. The cities of Großwollental and Preußisch Stargard were subject to the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, which was valid in the Altreich and provided for the implementation of the Führer principle at the municipal level. The remaining communities were grouped together in administrative districts ; There were no more manor districts. In the spring of 1945 the Red Army occupied the Prussian Stargard district. In the following years the vast majority of German inhabitants were from the district sold .
District administrators
- 1939 : Erwin Johst (1909–1956) ( provisional )
- 1939–1943: Walter Hillmann
- 1943- : Reinhold Isendick ( representatively )
Place names
By unpublished decree of December 29, 1939, the German place names valid until 1918 were provisionally valid with regard to the previously Polish place names. This global renaming was possible because the entire German map series for the areas ceded to Poland in 1920 (also) continued to use the earlier German place names. By means of the order concerning the change of place names of the Reich Governor in Danzig-West Prussia of June 25, 1942, all place names were Germanized with the consent of the Reich Minister of the Interior. Either the name from 1918 was retained or - if "not German" enough - acoustically adjusted or translated, for example:
- Adlig Lippinken: Adliglinde
- Barloschno: Schenkenberg, Kr. Pr. Stargard
- Dombrowken: Damerau, Kr. Pr. Stargard
- Big Jablau: big fork
- Lesnian: Waldjahn
- Lubichow: Liebichau
- Osiek: Burgfelde
- Schlachta: Edelwalde
- Skorschenno: root field
- Short: Grosswollental
literature
- Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. West Prussia - Prussian Stargard district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- Prussian Ministry of Finance: Results of the property and trade tax assessment in the administrative district of Danzig . Danzig 1867. See: 8. Kreis Pr. Stargardt , pp. 1-43.
- Bernhard Stadié : The district of Stargard in West Prussia in historical terms from the oldest times until now . In Prussian provincial sheets . Volume 70, Königsberg 1867, pp. 489-510 ( full text ) and pp. 585-620 ( full text ); Part II: Historical notes about the individual villages in the district . In: Prussian provincial sheets . Volume 72, Königsberg 1869, pp. 289-314 ( full text ) and pp. 699-726 ( full text ).
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd ed., Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 43–44, item 5.
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II: Topography of West Prussia , Kantersche Hofbuchdruckerei, Marienwerder 1789, pp. 62–70.
- Peter Letkemann: The Prussian administration of the administrative district of Danzig 1815-1870 . Phil. Diss., Marburg / Lahn 1967, p. 167.
- ACA Friedrich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Berlin 1839, p. 626.
Web links
- District Preussisch Stargard Administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 16, 2013.
Individual evidence
- ^ August von Haxthausen: The rural constitution in the individual provinces of the Prussian monarchy . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1839, p. 153 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck (ed.): Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . tape 2 . Marienwerder 1789, p. 62 ff . ( Digitized version ).
- ↑ Max Töppen: Historisch-comparative geography of Prussia . Justus Perthes, Gotha 1858, p. 353 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Leszek Belzyt: Linguistic minorities in the Prussian state from 1815 to 1914 . Marburg 1998, p. 17 f.
- ↑ a b Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
- ↑ Database of members of the Reichstag ( memento of the original from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Municipal directory 1910 with population figures .
Administrative districts: Gdansk | Marienwerder
Districts: Gdansk | Elbing | Graudenz | Thorn
Counties: Berent | Briesen | Gdansk | Danzig Heights | Danzig Lowlands | German crown | Dirschau | Elbing | Flatow | Graudenz | Karthaus | Konitz | Kulm | Löbau | Marienburg | Marienwerder | Neustadt i. Western pr. | Prussian Stargard | Cute | Rosenberg i. Western pr. | Schlochau | Schwetz | Strasburg i. Western pr. | Stuhm | Thorn | Tuchel