District of Gdansk

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The district of Danzig was a Prussian district in West Prussia from 1818 to 1887 . It included the area around the city of Danzig, which itself did not belong to the district. During the Second World War , from 1939 to 1945 another district of Danzig was established in the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia . The district is now part of the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship .

Administrative history

The district of Gdansk in 1887
West Prussia Province in 1919
  • Gdansk administrative district
  • Marienwerder administrative district
  • The city of Danzig and its surrounding area came to the Kingdom of Prussia through the second partition of Poland in 1793 . The Prussian provincial authorities ordinance of April 30, 1815 and its implementing provisions made the area part of the Danzig administrative district of the province of West Prussia. With a comprehensive district reform in the administrative district of Danzig, the urban district and the district of Danzig were formed on April 1, 1818.

    The urban district initially comprised the city of Danzig and a number of surrounding rural locations, including Altdorf, Emaus, Guteherberge , Heiligenbrunn, Hochstriess , Nobel, Ohra , Scharfenort, Strohdeich and Zigankenberg . The district encompassed the surrounding area of ​​Gdansk and extended in the east to the fresh spit . By a cabinet order in 1828, the rural places that were assigned to the urban district in 1818 were reclassified into the district, so that the urban district of Danzig only consisted of the actual city of Danzig since then.

    The district office was initially in Russoschin , was relocated to Praust in 1828 and finally to Danzig in 1845.

    From December 3, 1829 to April 1, 1878, West Prussia and East Prussia were united to form the Province of Prussia , which had belonged to the North German Confederation since July 1, 1867 and to the German Empire since January 1, 1871 . The Gdansk administrative district remained unchanged.

    In 1871 the district of Danzig was divided into 130 rural communities and 70 manor districts , which were grouped into administrative districts .

    Due to the continuous increase in the population in the 19th century, some districts in West Prussia proved to be too large and a reduction in size appeared necessary. On October 1, 1887, the district of Danzig was dissolved. The Danziger Höhe district was formed from the western part of the district and the Danziger Niederung district from the eastern part . The southern part of the district became the new Dirschau district .

    politics

    District administrators

    elections

    In the German Reich, the area of ​​the district of Danzig formed the Reichstag constituency of Danzig 2 within the boundaries of 1871 . The following MPs were elected to the Reichstag in this constituency :

    population

    Population development

    • 1821 0039,988
    • 1831 0050.065
    • 1852 0064,536
    • 1861 0069.242
    • 1871 0076,731

    Denominations

    year evangelical Catholic Jewish
    absolutely % absolutely % absolutely %
    1821 25,681 64.2 13,818 34.6 3 000.0
    1852 40,926 63.4 23,018 35.7 84 000.1
    1871 46,543 60.7 29,538 38.5 154 000.2

    Communities

    In 1871 the Gdansk district comprised 130 rural parishes:

    • Sharp place
    • Schellingsfelde
    • Schiewenhorst
    • Pain block
    • Schnakenburg
    • Schönau
    • Schönbaum
    • Schönbaumerweide
    • Schönrohr
    • Fair warling
    • Schüddelkau
    • Sperlingsdorf
    • Steegen
    • Steegnerwerder
    • Thatched dike
    • Stüblau
    • Stutthof
    • Trutenau
    • Trutenauerherrenland
    • Vogelsang
    • Vöglers
    • Wait
    • Weichselmünde
    • Weßlinken
    • Wonneberg
    • Wordel
    • Wossitz
    • Wotzlaff
    • Zigankenberg
    • Zipplau
    • Zugdam

    In 1871, the district also included 70 manor districts .

    District of Danzig in the annexed Free State of Danzig 1939–1945

    Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia (August 1943)

    After the invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, the two districts of Danziger Höhe and Danziger Niederung together with the city of Danzig were annexed by the German Reich and on November 26, 1939 they became part of the newly formed Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia in the re-established administrative district of Danzig.

    On October 1, 1939, the part of the Danziger Niederung district east of the Vistula was merged with the Großes Werder district . On December 1, 1939, a new district of Danzig was formed with the administrative seat in Danzig. District was Erwin Johst , the former head of the district Danziger lowlands. The district of Danzig comprised the area of ​​the previous districts of Danziger Höhe and Danzig Niederung (excluding the district east of the Vistula) and temporarily (December 1, 1939 to September 28, 1940) including a wide strip with eleven Polish villages from the Pomeranian powiat Kościerski . By ordinance of September 28, 1940, this area strip was retroactively assigned to December 1, 1939, to the Berent administrative district . When the area was last changed on April 1, 1942, the area of ​​the urban district of Danzig was expanded to the south at the expense of the district, so that the municipality of Praust became part of the city of Danzig. On January 1, 1945, the district of Danzig comprised 117 communities and two forest estate districts.

    In some cases place names were considered "not German" enough and received a phonetic alignment or translation, for example:

    • Czapielken: Schaplitz
    • Kowall: Forge
    • Ostroschken: Osterholt
    • Saskoschin: Sassenschön
    • Schwintsch: Schwint
    • Sobbowitz: Subitz
    • Suckschin: Weiglesfeld

    In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .

    literature

    • Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 39–40, point 2.
    • Prussian Ministry of Finance: Results of the property and building tax assessment in the Gdansk administrative district . Danzig 1867. See: 2. Kreis Danzig (Landkreis) , pp. 1–43.
    • ACA Friedrich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Berlin 1839, p. 620.

    Web links

    • District of Danzig administrative history and list of district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 16, 2013.

    Individual evidence

    1. ^ Max Töppen : Historisch-Comparative Geographie von Preussen . Justus Perthes, Gotha 1858, p. 352 ( digitized version ).
    2. ^ Official Journal of the Government of Danzig 1828, page 18, message no.6
    3. a b The communities and manor districts of the Province of Prussia and their population. Edited and compiled by the Royal Statistical Bureau from the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. In: Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Hrsg.): The communities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population. tape I , 1874, ZDB -ID 2593262-7 ( digitized version ).
    4. Peter Letkemann: The Prussian Administration of the Danzig District, 1815–1870 , Johann Gottfried Herder Institute, 1967, p. 101f; ( limited preview on Google Book Search ).
    5. Peter Letkemann: The Prussian administration of the district of Gdansk, 1815-1870 , Johann Gottfried Herder Institute, 1967, p 104; ( limited preview on Google Book Search ).
    6. Database of members of the Reichstag ( memento of the original from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / zhsf.gesis.org
    7. a b Cf. Rolf Jehke, "Landkreis Danzig" , on: Territorial changes in Germany and German-administered areas 1874–1945 , accessed on February 3, 2018.