Briesen district

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The Briesen district was a Prussian district in the Marienwerder administrative district that existed from 1887 to 1920 . Its county seat was Briesen . It was located in the part of West Prussia that fell to Poland after the First World War in 1920 through the Treaty of Versailles . From 1939 to 1945 there was again a district of Briesen in occupied Poland as part of the newly established Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia . Today the former district is in the Polish Kujawy-Pomeranian Voivodeship .

The Briesen district within the boundaries from 1887 to 1920
West Prussia Province in 1919
  • Gdansk administrative district
  • Marienwerder administrative district

    • Administrative history

    The area of ​​the Briesen district became part of Prussia after the first division of Poland in 1772 . In 1815 the area was assigned to the Marienwerder administrative district of the new West Prussia province . Due to the continuous growth of the population in the 19th century, the areas of the districts in West Prussia mostly proved to be too large. Against this background, the new Briesen district was formed on October 1, 1887, from parts of the Graudenz , Kulm , Strasburg and Thorn districts . The district office was in the town of Briesen . Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the district had to be ceded to Poland on January 10, 1920 . The district area continued as Powiat Wąbrzeski ( Briesener Kreis ).

    After the invasion of Poland and the annexation of the territory by the German Reich , the district was assigned to the district of Kulm on November 26, 1939, to the administrative district of Marienwerder in the newly formed Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia . In the spring of 1945, the district was occupied by the Red Army and again part of Poland . In the period that followed, the German residents were expelled from the district, unless they had fled .

    population

    The following is an overview with official information on the number of inhabitants, denominations and language groups:

    year 1890 1900 1910
    Residents 39,863 43,153 49.506
    Evangelical
    Catholics
    Jews     		14,711
    23,857
    1,025    		 15,979
    26,044
    848    		 21,783
    26,550
    638
    German-speaking,
    bilingual, Polish -speaking
    		 16,902
    384
    22,567    		 17,989
    388
    24,769    		 24,007
    417
    25,070

    politics

    District administrators

    cities and communes

    In 1912 the Briesen district included three cities and 70 rural communities. Today's names after the dash behind it.

    • Great Pulkowo
    • Great Radowisk
    • Great Reichenau
    • Gruneberg
    • Heinrichsberg
    • Hochdorf
    • Hohenkirch - Książki
    • Kamenzdorf
    • Kelpin
    • Kieslingswalde - Łopatki
    • Little Brudzaw
    • Klein Czappeln
    • Königlich Neudorf - Nowy Dwór Królewski
    • Kronzno
    • Labenz - Łabędz
    • Lebendorf
    • Leutsdorf
    • Lindhof
    • Lipnitza
    • Lissewo
    • Lobedau
    • Michalken - Michałki
    • Mischlewitz - Myśliwiec
    • Mittwalde - Jaworze
    • Mlewitz Neusasserei - Nowy Mlewiec
    • Mlewo - Mlewo
    • Mokrylase - Mokrylas
    • New Schönsee
    • New break
    • Neuhof
    • Nussdorf
    • Osterbitz or Ostrowitt - Ostrowite
    • Arrow village
    • Piwnitz - Piwnice
    • Plywaczewo
    • Polkau
    • Rehfelde
    • Rinsk or Rheinsberg - Ryńsk

    The district also included a large number of manor districts.

    Circular path

    The circular path Briesen presented from 1898 the link between the district center and the main line Allenstein-Thorn ago.

    Personalities

    The district of Briesen in occupied Poland 1939–1945

    Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia (August 1943)

    Administrative history

    After the annexation by the German Reich, the three cities of Briesen, Gollub and Schönsee were subjected to the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, which was valid in the old Reich and provided for the enforcement of the Führer principle at the municipal level. The mayor of the town of Gollub co-administered the administrative district Dobrzyn [= town of Dobrzyn] of the neighboring district of Rippin . The remaining communities were grouped together in administrative districts; There were no more manor districts. Since June 25, 1942, the district was called Briesen (West Pr.) .

    District administrators

    • 1940–1943 00guys
    • 1942–1945 00Dieter Kümmell

    Place names

    By unpublished decree of December 29, 1939, the German place names valid until 1918 were provisionally valid with regard to the previously Polish place names. This global renaming was possible because the entire German map series for the areas ceded to Poland in 1920 (also) continued to use the earlier German place names.

    Through the order regarding the change of place names of the Reich Governor in Danzig-West Prussia of June 25, 1942, with the consent of the Reich Minister of the Interior, all place names were Germanized, either in the form of 1918 or as a phonetic alignment or translation, for example:

    • Klein Brudzaw: Kleinbrusau,
    • Labenz: Labens, Kr. Briesen (West Pr.),
    • Mgowo: Logendorf,
    • Mlewo: life,
    • Wielkalonke: Altlanke,
    • Zaskotsch: Gutsassen.

    literature

    • Report on the school year ... / Royal Realprogymnasium Briesen. Briesen, Westpr., 1905–1915 ( digitized version )

    Web links

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ Leszek Belzyt: Linguistic minorities in the Prussian state from 1815 to 1914. Marburg 1998. p. 113
    2. ↑ a b municipalities and manor districts 1910 with population figures
    3. ^ Andrees Handatlas 1880, map of the provinces of East and West Prussia