Strasburg district in West Prussia
The Strasburg district in West Prussia was a Prussian district in the Marienwerder administrative district that existed from 1818 to 1920 . With this he belonged to the Province of West Prussia , in the meantime from 1829 to 1878 to the Province of Prussia . The county seat was the city of Strasburg in West Prussia . The district belonged to the part of West Prussia that fell to Poland after the First World War through the Treaty of Versailles in 1920 . From 1939 to 1945, the circle was re-established in the German-occupied Poland. Today the former district is in the Polish Kujawy-Pomeranian Voivodeship .
Administrative history
The area of the Strasburg district came to Prussia through the first Polish partition in 1772 , then under Napoleon 1807–1815 it was part of the Polish vassal state Duchy of Warsaw and, after the restoration of Prussia, belonged to the Michelau district until 1818 . The Prussian provincial authorities ordinance of April 30, 1815 and its implementing provisions made the area part of the Marienwerder administrative district of the province of West Prussia . As part of a comprehensive district reform in the Marienwerder administrative district, the Michelau district was divided into the Löbau and Strasburg districts on April 1, 1818 . The Strasburg district comprised the cities of Gollub , Gorzno , Lautenburg , the general offices of Gollub and Lautenburg and Strasburg, the Strasburg domain office and 92 noble estates.
From December 3, 1829 to April 1, 1878, West Prussia and East Prussia were united to form the Province of Prussia , which had belonged to the North German Confederation since July 1, 1867 and to the German Empire since January 1, 1871 .
Due to the steady increase in the population in the 19th century, the districts in West Prussia mostly turned out to be too large, and a reduction seemed necessary. This created the new district of Briesen , to which the district of Strasburg ceded part of its district area with the city of Gollub on October 1, 1887.
After the First World War , the predominantly Polish-speaking district had to be ceded to Poland due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty and continued to exist as Powiat Brodnicki (Brodnica district).
population
The following is an overview with official information on the number of inhabitants, denominations and language groups. It should be noted that the circle was reduced in size in 1887.
| year | 1821 | 1831 | 1840 | 1852 | 1861 | 1871 | / | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 |
| Residents | 33,824 | 35,108 | 45.910 | 52.016 | 56,377 | 65,493 | / | 52,900 | 57,312 | 62,142 |
|
Evangelical Catholics Jews |
9,233 24,023 559 |
9,711 24,293 1,102 |
14,822 34,975 2,317 |
17,657 36,453 2,250 |
19,579 43,508 2,142 |
/ / / |
15,821 35,877 1,024 |
17,159 39,102 757 |
18,326 42,956 578 |
|
|
German-speaking, bilingual, Polish -speaking |
11,264 - 23,844 |
14,910 - 30,358 |
17,498 - 34,518 |
20,416 - 35,961 |
/ / / |
18,242 676 33,967 |
19,332 601 37,367 |
21,097 1,139 39,887 |
politics
District administrators
- 1816–1840 Johann von Wybicki
- 1840–1841 Schlott ( acting )
- 1841–1846 Julius August Lauterbach († 1858)
- 1846–1847 Johann Wegener ( provisional )
- 1847–1849 Ernst Theodor von Schrötter
- 1849–1851 Teßmann ( substitute )
- 1851–1858 Carl Julius Szczesny (* 1818)
- 1858–1861 Maximilian Senfft von Pilsach (1821–1903)
- 1861–1864 Eduard von Young (1815–1886)
- 1864–1876 Carl Eugen Henning
- 1876–1877 by Kayserling ( provisional )
- 1877–1888 Karl Franz Jaeckel
- 1888–1889 Jachmann ( acting )
- 1889–1899 Hermann Karl Dumrath (1854–1922)
- 1899–1919 Arnold Raapke († 1935)
Reichstag elections
In the German Empire, the Strasburg district together with the Graudenz district formed the Marienwerder 3 district of the Reichstag . Due to the ethnic composition of the electorate, the constituency was contested between German and Polish candidates in all Reichstag elections. As a rule, there was a runoff between the national liberal and the Polish candidate.
cities and communes
In 1910, the Strasburg district in West Prussia comprised the three cities of Gorzno, Lautenburg and Strasburg in West Prussia as well as 97 rural communities:
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A large number of manor districts also belonged to the district.
Strasburg district in occupied Poland 1939–1945
history
After the invasion of Poland and the annexation by the German Reich, the district was named Landkreis Strasburg i. Western pr. (since 1942 district Strasburg (Westpr.) ) assigned to the administrative district Marienwerder in the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia . The cities of the district were subject to the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, which was valid in the Altreich and provided for the enforcement of the Führer principle at the municipal level. The other communities were grouped together in administrative districts , manor districts no longer existed. In the spring of 1945, the district was occupied by the Red Army and again part of Poland. As far as the German inhabitants had not fled, they were in the aftermath of the circle area sold .
Place names
By unpublished decree of December 29, 1939, the German place names valid until 1918 were provisionally valid with regard to the previously Polish place names. This global renaming was possible because the entire German map series for the areas ceded to Poland in 1920 (also) continued to use the earlier German place names. Through the order regarding the change of place names of the Reich Governor in Danzig-West Prussia of June 25, 1942, with the consent of the Reich Minister of the Interior, all place names were Germanized, either in the form of 1918 or as a phonetic alignment or translation, for example:
- Brinsk: Langendorf,
- Brzozie: Altbrosen,
- Bobrowo: Bobrau,
- Gorzno: Görzberg,
- Jablonowo : Goßlershausen,
- Jastrzembie: Falkenau, Kr. Strasburg (West Pr.),
- Karbowo: Karben,
- Niezywienc: Nesewanz: Hermannsruhe,
- Pokrzydowo: Gottfriedsfelde,
- Wonsin in Wonsen,
- Wrotzk: Frödenwalde,
- Zbiczno: Wilhelmsberg, Kr. Strasburg (West Pr.)
literature
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 50–51, item 5.
- E. Jacobson: Topographical-statistical manual for the district of Marienwerder , Danzig 1868, pp. 176-195 .
- ACA Friedrich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Berlin 1839, pp. 608-609.
- M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
Web links
- District of Strasburg i. Western pr. Administrative history and the district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of February 17, 2017.
- Hans Plehn: History of the Strasburg district in West Prussia . Leipzig 1900 (Scanned book as ZIP file. IrfanView required for viewing.)
- District Strasburg (West Prussia) in the genealogical directory of the database GenWiki
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck (ed.): Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . tape 2 . Marienwerder 1789, p. 42 ff . ( Digitized version ).
- ^ Max Töppen: Historisch-Comparative Geographie von Preussen . Justus Perthes, Gotha 1858, p. 354 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Leszek Belzyt: Linguistic minorities in the Prussian state from 1815 to 1914 . Marburg 1998. p. 113.
- ↑ Database of members of the Reichstag ( memento of the original from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Victory candidates in the Reichstag elections in the constituency of Graudenz-Strasburg
- ↑ Municipal directory 1910 with population figures
Administrative districts: Gdansk | Marienwerder
Districts: Gdansk | Elbing | Graudenz | Thorn
Counties: Berent | Briesen | Gdansk | Danzig Heights | Danzig Lowlands | German crown | Dirschau | Elbing | Flatow | Graudenz | Karthaus | Konitz | Kulm | Löbau | Marienburg | Marienwerder | Neustadt i. Western pr. | Prussian Stargard | Cute | Rosenberg i. Western pr. | Schlochau | Schwetz | Strasburg i. Western pr. | Stuhm | Thorn | Tuchel