Graudenz district

The Graudenz district within the boundaries from 1818 to 1887

The Graudenz district within the boundaries from 1887 to 1920

West Prussia Province in 1919

Gdansk administrative district

Marienwerder administrative district

The district Grudziadz (to 1900 county Graudenz ) was from 1818 to 1920 existing Prussian district in marienwerder . With this he belonged to the Province of West Prussia , in the meantime from 1829 to 1878 to the Province of Prussia . It was in the part of West Prussia that fell to Poland after the First World War in 1920 through the Treaty of Versailles and was known as the Polish Corridor . Its district town was the city of Graudenz , which had formed its own urban district since 1900 . From 1939 to 1945 the district in occupied Poland in the newly established Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia was established again. Today the former district is in the Polish Kujawy-Pomeranian Voivodeship .

Administrative history

The area of ​​the Graudenz district became part of Prussia after the first division of Poland in 1772 . As part of the historical Kulmerland , it belonged to the Kulm district after 1772 . The Prussian provincial authorities ordinance of April 30, 1815 and its implementing provisions made the area part of the Marienwerder administrative district of the new West Prussia province. As part of a comprehensive district reform in the Marienwerder administrative district, the new Graudenz district was formed on April 1, 1818 from the northern part of the Kulm district . This comprised the cities of Graudenz, Lessen and Rehden, the domain office of Engelsburg, part of the administrative office of Graudenz, the offices of Rehden and Roggenhausen and 81 noble estates. The seat of the district office was the city of Graudenz.

From December 3, 1829 to April 1, 1878, West Prussia and East Prussia were united to form the Province of Prussia , which had belonged to the North German Confederation since July 1, 1867 and to the German Empire since January 1, 1871 .

On October 1, 1887, the district ceded part of its territory to the new district of Briesen . Since January 1, 1900, the municipality of Graudenz has formed its own urban district. The district was renamed the district of Graudenz .

After the First World War, the city and the district of Graudenz had to be ceded to Poland on January 10, 1920 due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty . Poland established the powiat Grudziądzki .

After the invasion of Poland in 1939, the district was annexed by the German Reich and on November 26, 1939, under its German name, the district became part of the newly formed Reichsgau West Prussia - later Danzig-West Prussia - in the new administrative district Marienwerder . In the spring of 1945, the district was occupied by the Red Army and again part of Poland. In the following period, the remaining German population was largely out of the circle area sold .

population

The following is an overview with official information on the number of inhabitants, denominations and language groups. It should be noted that the district was reduced in size in 1887 and 1900 and the series of numbers cannot be compared across these points in time. For 1900, however, the city and district of Graudenz are still combined here.

year	1821	1831	1841	1852	1861	1871	1880	/	1890	1900	/	1910
Residents	31,471	32,895	?	49.168	51,382	59,737	?	/	63,250	76,799	/	48,818
Evangelical Catholics Jews	17,203 13,871 364	18,865 13,525 463		28,258 19,697 948	29,416 20,686 1,136	33,588 24,721 1,269		/ / /	36,903 24,742 1,213	43,776 31,395 1,117	/ / /	25,234 22,659 152
German-speaking, bilingual, Polish -speaking		20,064 - 12,831		33,410 - 15,758	34,915 - 16,467			/ / /	44,683 1,013 17,532	53,954 1,372 21,452	/ / /	28,755 889 19,157

politics

District administrators

• 1818–1836: August Burchard Raphael von Rosenberg-Gruszczynski (1770–1836)
• 1838–1850: Friedrich Brauns
• 1850–1877: Ludwig Constantin Tichy (1815–?)
• 1877–1878: Friedrich Wilhelm Carl von Brauchitsch
• 1878–1909: Adalbert von Conrad (1848–1929)
• 1909–1920: Hans Kutter (1870–1929)

elections

In the German Reich, the Marienwerder 3 district of the Reichstag was made up of the Graudenz and Strasburg districts within the borders of 1871. Due to the ethnic composition of the electorate, the constituency was contested between German and Polish candidates in all Reichstag elections. As a rule, there was a runoff between the national liberal and the Polish candidate.

• 1871 Julius von Hennig , National Liberal Party00
• 1874 Hugo Bieler , National Liberal Party00
• 187700 Hugo Bieler, National Liberal Party
• 187800 Hugo Bieler, National Liberal Party
• 1881 Ignacy von Lyskowski , Polish parliamentary group00
• 188400 Ignacy von Lyskowski, Polish parliamentary group
• 1887 Arthur Hobrecht , National Liberal Party00
• 1890 Wladyslaw Rozycki , Polish parliamentary group00
• 189300 Wladyslaw Rozycki, Polish parliamentary group
• 1898 Julius Sieg , National Liberal Party00
• 190300 Julius Sieg, National Liberal Party
• 190700 Julius Sieg, National Liberal Party
• 191200 Julius Sieg, National Liberal Party

cities and communes

In 1910 the district of Graudenz comprised the two cities of Lessen and Rehden as well as 80 rural communities.

Adamsdorf Nobleman Rehwalde Noble Schönau Alt Blumenau Altvorwerk Blew Braunsfelde Bukowitz Conradsfelde Czeplinken German Wangerau Fürstenau Gatsch Grabowitz Big Kabilunken Groß Leistenau Groß Partenschin Groß Schönbrück Great tarps Great Wolz Grutta

Hannowo Hutta Jakobkau Jankowitz Klein Leistenau Klein Schönbrück Small tarps Klein Thiemau Klein Wolz Royal Buchwalde Royal Dombrowken Royal Lindenau Royal Pientken Royal Rehwalde Royal Schönau Koslowo Lessen , city Lindenthal Massanken Mockrau New Blumenau

Neubrück Neudorf Neuhof Lower oaks Niederhof Nitzwalde Nogath Nuns-Kabilunken Okonin Parsken Pastwisko Piasken Plement Plessen Polish Wangerau Prenzlawitz Rehden, rural community Rehden , city Richnowo Rittershausen Roggenhausen

Rosenthal Rudnick Sackcloth Sarosle Schöntal Schwetz Sellnowo Skarschewo Slupp Stanislawo Szczepanken Fir tree Fake Vosswinkel Weburg White heather Weisshof Wossarken Zavda-Wolla

The district also included a large number of manor districts.

The district of Graudenz in occupied Poland 1939–1945

Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia (August 1943)

Administrative history

After the annexation by the German Reich in 1939, the cities of Lessen and Rehden were subject to the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, which was valid in the old Reich and provided for the enforcement of the Führer principle at the municipal level. The remaining communities were grouped together in administrative districts ; There were no more manor districts.

District administrators

• 1939 0000000Horn
• 1939–1945 00Rudolf Reimers

Place names

By unpublished decree of December 29, 1939, the German place names valid until 1918 were provisionally valid with regard to the previously Polish place names. This global renaming was possible because the entire German map series for the areas ceded to Poland in 1920 (also) continued to use the earlier German place names. Through the order regarding the change of place names of the Reich Governor in Danzig-West Prussia of June 25, 1942, with the consent of the Reich Minister of the Interior, all place names were renamed, either in the form of 1918 or as a phonetic alignment or translation, for example:

• Grutta: Frankenhain,
• Jankowitz: Hansdorf, district of Graudenz
• Karschewo: Schassau,
• Königlich Dombrowken: Königsdamerau,
• Melno: Report
• Sawda Wolla: Freisauden,
• Slupp: Starkenberg, district of Graudenz,
• Wielkalonke: Altlanke.

literature

• E. Jacobson: Topographical-statistical manual for the administrative district Marienwerder . Danzig 1868, index of places, pp. 18–29 .
• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 53-54, item 8.
• Nordewin von Diest-Koerber among others: The city and the district of Graudenz - From seven centuries of German history , Cologne-Porz 1976.
• Xaver Frölich : History of the Graudenzer Kreis . Graudenz 1868–1872.
  • Volume 1, 2nd edition, 1884, ( e-copy )
  • Volume 2: The history of time and culture . Graudenz 1872 ( e-copy ).
• ACA Friedrich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Berlin 1839, pp. 609-610.
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Graudenz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• District of Graudenz Administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 12, 2013.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Max Töppen: Historisch-Comparative Geographie von Preussen . Justus Perthes, Gotha 1858, p. 354 ( digitized version ).
2. ↑ Leszek Belzyt: Linguistic minorities in the Prussian state from 1815 to 1914. Marburg 1998. p. 106.
3. ↑ Database of members of the Reichstag ( memento of the original from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
4. ↑ ^{a b} municipalities and manor districts 1910 with population figures