Reichstag election 1890
The Reichstag election in 1890 was the election for the 8th German Reichstag . It took place on February 20, 1890. The turnout was just over 71%, lower than in the Reichstag election in 1887 .
meaning
It was the first Reichstag election during the term of office of Kaiser Wilhelm II. Accordingly, it was marked by the dispute between the new Kaiser, who, unlike his grandfather Wilhelm I, interfered in politics, and Chancellor Otto von Bismarck . At that time, the emperor was primarily concerned with building good relationships with the working class. Against the resistance of Bismarck, who saw this as a concession to the Social Democrats , Wilhelm II had introduced legislation on occupational health and safety at the beginning of February . On January 25, Bismarck failed in the old Reichstag to have the Socialist Law extended indefinitely. This defeat also came about because the “ cartel parties ” ( German conservatives , free conservatives and national liberals ), who otherwise supported Bismarck, were internally at odds, which in turn was due to the fact that the emperor had let through his rejection of the extension of the socialist law.
The election was a catastrophic defeat for the “cartel parties”, who lost 85 seats, and a victory for the Social Democrats. They were able to practically double their share of the vote compared to the last Reichstag election to 19.7% (around 1.4 million votes) and thus became the strongest party by votes for the first time. In exile in London, Friedrich Engels euphorically rated election day as the “day of the beginning of the German revolution”. Due to the distortions resulting from the majority voting system, which put the densely populated regions at a severe disadvantage, and due to the fact that social democratic candidates often faced a common front of the bourgeois parties in runoff elections , the social democrats were only able to win 35 seats. The big cities of Königsberg , Bremen , Hanover , Magdeburg , Frankfurt am Main , Mannheim , Nuremberg and Munich were social democratic. All three Hamburgers , two of the six Berliners and one of the two Wroclaw constituencies were won by them. Later in the same year the socialist laws were finally repealed and the party renamed itself the SPD . The strongest parliamentary group remained the center , which won 106 constituencies (27.2%) with a total of 18.6% of the votes. The left-wing liberal parties also gained significantly in terms of votes and seats in parliament.
For the first time members of German parties won seats in some of the constituencies of Alsace-Lorraine . Elsewhere, however, regionalists were able to benefit from the weakness of the cartel parties. The anti-Semites received only 0.7% of the vote, but won 5 constituencies. Their strongholds were the Grand Duchy of Hesse and Hesse-Nassau .
A month after the Reichstag election, Bismarck was dismissed. His successor Leo von Caprivi ruled with varying majorities. The 8th Reichstag, which was actually the first to have a legislative period of five years - the extension from three to five years had been decided on March 18, 1888 - was dissolved again in 1893.
Results
| Political Direction | Parties | Votes | Sit in the Reichstag | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| in millions | proportion of | compared to 1887 | absolutely | proportion of | compared to 1887 | ||||
| conservative | German Conservative Party (DKP) | 0.895 | 12.4% | −2.8% | 73 | 18.4% | −7 | ||
| German Reich Party (DRP) | 0.482 | 6.7% | −3.1% | 20th | 5.0% | −22 | |||
| liberal | Right- | National Liberal Party (NLP) | 1.178 | 16.3% | −5.9% | 41 | 10.3% | −56 | |
| Independent liberals | n / A | n / A | n / A | 3 | 0.8% | ± 0 | |||
| Left- | German Radical Party (DFP) | 1.160 | 16.0% | + 3.1% | 66 | 16.6% | +34 | ||
| German People's Party (DtVP) | 0.148 | 2.0% | + 0.8% | 10 | 2.5% | +10 | |||
| Catholics | Center Party | 1,342 | 18.6% | −1.5% | 106 | 26.7% | +8 | ||
| Socialists | Social Democrats (SAP) | 1,427 | 19.7% | + 9.6% | 35 | 8.8% | +24 | ||
|
Regional parties , minorities |
German-Hanoverian Party (DHP) | 0.113 | 1.6% | + 0.1% | 11 | 2.8% | +7 | ||
| Poland | 0.247 | 3.4% | + 0.5% | 16 | 4.0% | +3 | |||
| Danes | 0.014 | 0.2% | ± 0.0% | 1 | 0.3% | ± 0 | |||
| Alsace-Lorraine | 0.101 | 1.4% | −1.7% | 10 | 2.5% | −5 | |||
| Anti-semites | Anti-Semitic People's Party (AVP) | 0.048 | 0.7% | + 0.5% | 4th | 1.0% | +3 | ||
| German Social Party (DSP) | 1 | 0.3% | +1 | ||||||
| Others | 0.075 | 1.0% | + 0.4% | - | - | ± 0 | |||
| total | 7.229 | 100% | 397 | 100% | |||||
Elected MPs by constituency
In each of the 397 constituencies , a member was elected by absolute majority voting. If no candidate achieved an absolute majority in the first ballot, a runoff election was held between the two best-placed candidates. The following tables show the constituency winners and their party status as stated in the official final result.
Prussia
Bavaria
Saxony
Württemberg
to bathe
| Grand Duchy of Baden | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Constance , Überlingen , Stockach | Friedrich Hug | center | |
| 2 | Donaueschingen , Villingen | Hermann von Hornstein | DKP | |
| 3 | Waldshut , Säckingen , Neustadt in the Black Forest | Joseph Schuler | center | |
| 4th | Loerrach , Muellheim | Karl Lauck | center | |
| 5 | Freiburg , Emmendingen | Ludwig Marbe | center | |
| 6th | Lahr , Wolfach | Friedrich Schaettgen | center | |
| 7th | Offenburg , Kehl | Maximilian Wilhelm Reichert | center | |
| 8th | Rastatt , Bühl , Baden-Baden | Franz Xaver Lender | center | |
| 9 | Pforzheim , Ettlingen | Adolf Dillinger | DtVP | |
| 10 | Karlsruhe , Bruchsal | Markus Pflüger | DFP | |
| 11 | Mannheim | August Dreesbach | SAP | |
| 12 | Heidelberg , Mosbach | Julius Menzer | DKP | |
| 13 | Bretten , Sinsheim | William of Douglas | DKP | |
| 14th | Tauberbischofsheim , Buchen | Rudolf von Buol-Berenberg | center | |
Hesse
| Grand Duchy of Hesse | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Giessen , Grünberg , Nidda | Wilhelm Pickenbach | Anti-Semites ( AVP ) | |
| 2 | Friedberg , Büdingen , Vilbel | Egidius Gutfleisch | DFP | |
| 3 | Lauterbach , Alsfeld , Schotten | Oswald Zimmermann | Anti-Semites ( AVP ) | |
| 4th | Darmstadt , Gross-Gerau | Arthur Osann | NLP | |
| 5 | Offenbach , Dieburg | Carl Ulrich | SAP | |
| 6th | Erbach , Bensheim , Lindenfels , Neustadt im Odenwald | Ferdinand Scipio | NLP | |
| 7th | Worms , Heppenheim , Wimpfen | Heinrich von Marquardsen | NLP | |
| 8th | Bingen , Alzey | Ludwig Bamberger | DFP | |
| 9 | Mainz , Oppenheim | Franz Jöst | SAP | |
Small states
Alsace-Lorraine
The party-political allocation of the MPs follows the explanations of Hermann Hiery.
| Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Altkirch , Thann | Landolin Winterer | Individual candidate d. political catholicism | |
| 2 | Mulhouse | Charles Hickel | SAP | |
| 3 | Kolmar | Charles degree | Individual candidate d. political catholicism | |
| 4th | Gebweiler | Joseph Guerber | Individual candidate d. political catholicism | |
| 5 | Rappoltsweiler | Jacob Ignatius Simonis | Individual candidate d. political catholicism | |
| 6th | Schlettstadt | Irénée Lang | Individual candidate d. political catholicism | |
| 7th | Molsheim , Erstein | Hugo Zorn from Bulach | DKP | |
| 8th | Strasbourg city | Emil Petri | NLP | |
| 9 | Strasbourg country | Jean North | NLP | |
| 10 | Hagenau , Weissenburg | Eugène de Dietrich | E.-L. Protest party | |
| 11 | Babble | Johannes Hoeffel | DRP | |
| 12 | Saargemünd , Forbach | Johann Mangès | Individual candidate d. political catholicism | |
| 13 | Bolchen , Diedenhofen | Julius Joseph Neumann | Individual candidate d. political catholicism | |
| 14th | Metz | Johannes Michael Dellès | Individual candidate d. political catholicism | |
| 15th | Saarburg , Château-Salins | Peter Küchly | Individual candidate d. political catholicism | |
The parliamentary groups of the 8th Reichstag
In the 8th Reichstag, several members of parliament did not join the faction of their actual party and some remained non-attached. Seven DHP MPs joined the center group. At the beginning of the 8th legislative period, the parliamentary groups had the following strengths:
| center | 113 |
| German Conservatives | 71 |
| Free minded | 64 |
| National Liberals | 41 |
| Social democrats | 35 |
| Free Conservatives | 20th |
| Poland | 16 |
| German People's Party | 10 |
| Non-attached | 27 |
In the further course of the legislative period, the strength of the individual parliamentary groups changed several times due to by-elections and changes in parliamentary groups.
See also
literature
- Carl-Wilhelm Reibel: Handbook of the Reichstag elections 1890-1918. Alliances, results, candidates (= handbooks on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. Volume 15). Droste, Düsseldorf 2007, ISBN 978-3-7700-5284-4 .
Web links
- Statistical Yearbook of the German Reich (PDF; 161 kB)
- Result of the Reichstag election in 1890 with graphic
- Elections in Germany until 1918 , there:
- German history in documents and pictures , there:
Individual evidence
- ^ Letter from Friedrich Engels to Laura Lafargue , in: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Werke, Volume 37. Berlin, 1967, pp. 359–61. Printed in: Wilfried Loth, Das Kaiserreich. Authority and Political Mobilization. Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 1996, pp. 189–91.
- ↑ a b Imperial Statistical Office (ed.): Monthly booklets for statistics of the German Empire, year 1890, issue 4 . Berlin 1890.
- ^ Hermann Hiery: Reichstag elections in the Reichsland. A contribution to the regional history of Alsace-Lorraine and the electoral history of the German Empire 1871–1918. Droste Verlag Düsseldorf. 1986, pp. 446–448 ff Table 50: Political groups and parties in Alsace-Lorraine and p. 449 ff: Appendix: Biographical list of the members of the German Reichstag elected in the Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine from 1874–1918. ISBN 3-7700-5132-7 .
- ↑ Reichstag Handbook 1890. (PDF) Munich Digitization Center, p. 284 , accessed on November 20, 2009 .
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