Insterburg district
The East Prussian district of Insterburg in the administrative district of Gumbinnen existed from 1818 to 1945. After the city of Insterburg was elevated to the status of an urban district, it only included the rural communities in the vicinity of the city. On January 1, 1945, it comprised three manor districts (forests) and 174 smaller communities. Only Aulenbach and Norkitten had more than 1000 inhabitants. Two thirds of the workforce were employed in agriculture. Neighboring (starting in the north and running clockwise ) were the district of Elchniederung , the district of Tilsit-Ragnit , the district of Pillkallen , the district of Gumbinnen and the district of Angerapp in the district of Gumbinnen as well as the district of Gerdauen , the district of Wehlau and the district of Labiau in the administrative district of Königsberg .
Administrative history
Kingdom of Prussia
With the Prussian administrative reforms following the Congress of Vienna , the Insterburg district was established in the Gumbinnen administrative district in the Prussian province of East Prussia on September 1, 1818 . This included the parishes :
- Aulowönen Church
- Roaring
- Didlacken Church
- Georgenburg Church
- Luther Church (Insterburg)
- Jodlauken
- Norkitten Church
- Pelleningken
- Puschdorf Church
- Saalau
The district office was in Insterburg.
Since December 3, 1829, the district - after the merger of the previous provinces of East Prussia and West Prussia - belonged to the new Province of Prussia with the seat in Königsberg i. Pr .
North German Confederation and German Empire
Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . After the division of the province of Prussia into the new provinces of East Prussia and West Prussia, the Insterburg district became part of East Prussia on April 1, 1878.
On April 1, 1902, the municipality of Insterburg , which had previously belonged to the district, was converted into an urban district . The Insterburg district was then given the name Landkreis .
On May 1, 1925, parts of the Althof-Insterburg estate were incorporated from the Insterburg district into the Insterburg district.
On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Insterburg district in line with developments in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all the previously independent manor districts were dissolved except for four and assigned to neighboring rural communities. At the same time, the Sziedlauken manor district from the Tilsit-Ragnit district was incorporated into the Insterburg district.
In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . After the end of the war, the district came under Soviet administration. Today the former district area belongs to the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast .
Local constitution
The district of Insterburg was initially divided into the municipality of Insterburg, into rural communities and - until their almost complete elimination - into independent manor districts.
With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitution Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all municipalities from January 1, 1934.
With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the municipal constitution valid in the German Reich came into force on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . These were grouped together in administrative districts .
A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply .
District administrators
- 1818–1841: Johann Ludwig Burchard (1773–1841)
- 1842–1844: Ludwig Wilhelm zu Dohna-Lauck
- 1845–1851: Heinrich von Schirmeister
- 1852–1871: Gustav Dodillet
- 1872–1879: Konrad von Massow
- 1879–1887: Arthur Germershausen
- 1887–1890: Robert Davidson
- 1890–1903: Hugo Brasch
- 1903–1909: Adolf Magnus
- 1909–1918: Adolph Bölling Overweg
- 1918–1920: Heinrich Schumann
- 1920–1928: Viktor Grimpe
- 1928–1930: Albert Voegt
- 1930–1935: Ernst Lührmann
- 1935–1945: Karl von der Groeben
Districts
Between 1874 and 1945, the Insterburg district was subdivided into a city (= Insterburg (Russian: Tschernjachowsk)) and numerous administrative districts:
| Name (until 1939) | Name (1938-1946) |
|---|---|
| Alishks | Forest village |
| Almenhausen | Puschdorf |
| Althof | Althof-Insterburg |
| Auluwonen | Aulenbach (East Pr.) |
| Roaring | Birches (east Pr.) |
| Block inside / swirling | Güldenau |
| Budwethen | Schönwaldau |
| Carlswalde | Karlswalde |
| Didlacks | Dittlacken |
| Eichwald | Eichwald |
| Frederick gift | Friedenau |
| Georgenburg | Georgenburg |
| Big Bubainen | Waldhausen (from 1930) |
| Big ash break | Big ash break |
| Gross Franzdorf | Franzdorf |
| Groß Jägersdorf | Groß Jägersdorf |
| Grünheide | Grünheide |
| Jänischken | Janichen |
| Jodlauken | Swallow valley |
| Itching | Buchhof (from 1927) |
| Cuddles | Bear jump |
| Keppurlauken | Birkenhof |
| Crane break | Crane break |
| Kraupischkehmen | Erdmannsruh |
| Kummetschen / Karalene | Luisenberg |
| Laser stretching | Neuwalde |
| Linden bush / Papu rails | Grays |
| Lugowen | Großlugau |
| Neunishken | Neunassau |
| Norkitten | Norkitten |
| Obehlischken | Schulzenhof |
| Padrojen | Horstenau |
| Pelleningken | Strigengrund |
| Pieragers | Angerlinde |
|
Saalau , until 1892 also: Laßeningken , until 1939 also: Gnottau |
Saalau , Laschnicken, Gnottau |
| Seßlacken | Seßlacken |
| Szieleitschen / Geswethen | Landwehr (East Pr.) |
| Waldhausen | Waldhausen |
Place names
In 1938, extensive changes to place names took place in the Insterburg district. Since mostly “not German enough”, these were phonetic adjustments, translations or free inventions. 98 of 202 parishes were renamed on June 3, 1938 (officially confirmed on July 16, 1938):
|
|
Smaller towns, districts:
- Nendrinn : Altlugau
Karalene Teachers' College
Karalene was the name of the teachers' college that emerged from the Augstkummetschen estate. It was about twelve kilometers northeast of Insterburg. During her stay in East Prussia, Queen Luise recognized the necessity of educating the Prussian-Lithuanian population and encouraged the training of Lithuanian-speaking primary school teachers in a special seminar. In 1811 the Prussian state bought the residential building of the Wolfshagen estate as well as twelve acres of park and 14 acres of fields and built an educational institution from which the teachers' college grew. His name Karalene (lit. karaliene: Queen) was reminiscent of Luise. In 1815 Karalene had sixty residents who lived in one household ("fireplace"). After director Preuss had retired in 1857, he was followed in 1859 by the seminar teacher Karl Benjamin Zacharias. The evangelical congregation founded for the teachers' seminar held its services in the aula of the seminary. In 1860 she received sacred devices from the royal orphanage in Königsberg. The seminar leaders acted as pastors. Karalene kept his own church registers from 1860 to 1919. In 1871, the teachers' college consisted of three residential buildings in which 136 people lived in eight households, 107 of them male. All residents were Prussian citizens and Protestants. With the dissolution of the teacher training institute in 1924, the church also went out. The city of Insterburg used the building as a children's recreation and retirement home. In 1939 Karalene and Nausseden were merged under the name Luisenberg.
Personalities
- Wilhelm Dietrich von Manstein (1741–1809), major general
- Rudolf von Schön (1810-1891), general of the cavalry
- Wilhelm Brindlinger (1890–1967), last German mayor of Memel
- Ernst Kasenzer (1891–1943), Protestant people's missionary, member of the Confessing Church
literature
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 30–31, item 8.
- Kurt and Charlotte Henning: The district of Insterburg East Prussia, a place name lexicon. Grasdorf-Laatzen 1981
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rolf Jehke, Cities and Districts
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. insterburg.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Member of the Masovia Corps
Allenstein | Angerapp (Darkehmen) | Angerburg | Bartenstein (Friedland) | Braunsberg | Darkehmen (Angerapp) | Ebenrode (Stallupönen) | Elk lowlands (lowlands) | Fischhausen | Friedland (Bartenstein) | Gerdauen | Goldap | Gumbinnen | Heiligenbeil | Heilsberg | Heydekrug | Insterburg | Johannisburg | Koenigsberg | Labiau | Soldering | Elk | Memel | Carrots | Neidenburg | Lowland (elk lowland) | Oletzko (Treuburg) | Ortelsburg | Osterode | Pillkallen (Schloßberg (East Pr.)) | Pog against | Prussian Eylau | Prussian Holland | Ragnite | Rastenburg | Rößel | Samland | Schloßberg (Ostpr.) (Pillkallen) | Sensburg | Stallupönen (Ebenrode) | Tilsit | Tilsite ragnite | Treuburg (Oletzko) | Wehlau
1922–1939 affiliated districts: Elbing (1818–1945) | Marienburg (1772–1945) | Marienwerder (1752–1945) | Rosenberg (1818–1945) | Stuhm (1818-1945)
1939–1945 affiliated districts: Mackeim | Mielau | Ostenburg | Plan | Praschnitz | Scharfenwiese | Schröttersburg | Sichelberg | Sudauen | Zichenau