Meshdurechye (Kaliningrad, Chernyakhovsk)
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Meschduretschje
Norkitten Междуречье
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Meschduretschje ( Russian Междуречье ; German Norkitten ; Lithuanian Narkyčiai ) is a place in the Russian Oblast of Kaliningrad . It belongs to the local government unit Stadtkreis Tschernjachowsk in chernyakhovsky district . The former integrated residential area at Norkitten station is now a separate settlement with the Russian name Meschduretschje (Schelesnodoroschnaja stanzija) .
geography
Meschduretschje is located in the central part of the oblast at the confluence of the Golubaya (Auxinne) in the Pregel north of the forest area Frunsenski les (" Frunse Forest "; formerly Astrawischken forest ). The village is about 20 kilometers west of Chernyakhovsk (Insterburg) and 70 kilometers east of Kaliningrad (Königsberg).
history
In the 18th century, Norkitten became the headquarters of the Anhalt-Dessau estates, which Prince Leopold I of Anhalt-Dessau (the "Old Dessauer") acquired here between 1721 and 1726 for around 14,000 Reichstaler after the area suffered from the great plague in 1709 and 1710 from 1708 to 1714 more than half of all residents had been lost. Legally, this area was not owned by the State of Anhalt, but privately owned by the Duchy of Anhalt and remained so until the expulsion and expropriation in 1944/1945.
The village suffered severely several times from war events. On August 30, 1757, during the Seven Years' War , the battle of Groß-Jägersdorf took place around six kilometers southwest of the village of Groß Jägersdorf , which no longer exists today . From June 11, 1812, Napoléon's troops crossed the Dessau estates in their entire length on their march to Russia . At Norkitten as a stage place , camps were set up, the fields next to the military road were dismantled and the meadows were completely guarded. In the woods, the troops ruthlessly built huts for themselves and haphazardly felled trees.
In 1860 the railway line from Königsberg to the border of the Russian Empire at Eydtkuhnen , part of the Prussian Eastern Railway , was passed by Norkitten and a train station was built. Norkitten was the capital of the administrative district of the same name, had a Protestant church built in 1733, several steam mills and sawmills, and a chief forester's office . The population increased continuously until the beginning of the Second World War . In 1885 the place had 376, 1933 1090 and 1939 1146 inhabitants. Until 1945 the place belonged to the district of Insterburg of the East Prussian administrative district Gumbinnen (today Russian: Gussew ).
At the beginning of the war against the Soviet Union, there was an air force base near Norkitten . In January 1945 the place was fought over ; the German troops were no longer able to blow up the Pregel Bridge. On the night of January 21-22, 1945, the village was occupied by Soviet troops .
In 1947 the village was given the Russian name Meschduretschje, meaning between the rivers . After the Germans had fled and were driven out of the region, only a relatively small population followed. From the expropriated property around Norkitten a sovchos (state property) was created. From 1947 to 1961 Meschduretschje was the seat of a village soviet in Chernyakhovsk district . Then came the place in the village soviet Bereschkowski selski sowet . From 2008 to 2015 Mezhduretschje belonged to the rural municipality of Svobodnenskoje selskoje posselenije and since then to the city district of Chernyakhovsk.
District of Norkitten (1874–1945)
On March 11, 1874 Norkitten office Village was and thus its name to an administrative district that existed until 1945 and for district Insterburg in Administrative district Gumbinnen the Prussian province of East Prussia belonged. The following were assigned to him as rural communities (LG) and manor districts (GB) on January 1, 1908:
| Surname | Changed name 1938-1946 |
Russian name | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kutkehmen (GB) | since 1928: Pregelau | Ushakovo | 1928 in the LG stick coatings , District Puschendorf , incorporated |
| Manga (LG) | Priwalowo | 1928 incorporated into LG Norkitten | |
| Norkitten (LG) | Meshdurechye | ||
| Norkitten (GB) | Meshdurechye | 1928 incorporated into LG Norkitten | |
| Paradeningken (GB) | Parade field | Trjochdworka |
1928 incorporated into LG Wiepeningken (from 1928: Staatshausen), district of Groß Bubainen (from 1928: Waldhausen) |
| Schloßberg (GB) | Botschagi | 1928 incorporated into LG Norkitten | |
| Woynothen (GB) | Small kittens | Schljusnoye | 1928 incorporated into LG Norkitten |
| from Jan. 1, 1939 also: | |||
| Schönwiese | Poddubnoye | until 1939 part of the Saalau district | |
| You beans | Sirenewka | until 1939 part of the Saalau district |
On January 1, 1945, after the various restructurings, three communities formed the Norkitten district: Norkitten, Schönwiese and Siemohnen.
Meschduretschenski selski sowet 1947–1961
The village soviet Meschduretschenski selski sowet (ru. Междуреченский сельский Совет) was established in June 1947. In 1961 the village soviet was dissolved again and (apparently) attached to the Bereschkowski selski sowet .
| Place name | Name until 1947/50 | Year of renaming |
|---|---|---|
| Balashevskoye (Балашевское) | Reichenhof | 1950 |
| Isvilino (Извилино) | Daupelken, Ksp. Norkitten , and Uderballen, 1938–1945: "Otterwangen" | 1950 |
| Kievskoye (Киевское) | Albrechtsthal and Klein Jägersdorf, 1938–1945: "Jägertal" | 1950 |
| Mezhdureche (Междуречье) | Norkitten | 1947 |
| Motor buoy (Моторное) | Groß Jägersdorf and Metschullen, 1938–1945: "Lehwald" | 1950 |
| Polyanino (Полянино) | Pfeiffershöhe | 1950 |
| Pushkarjowo (Пушкарёво) | Puschdorf | 1947 |
| Schljusnoye (Шлюзное) | Woynothen, 1938–1945: "Kleinnorkitten" | 1950 |
| Svetayevka (Светаевка) | Big ash break | 1950 |
| Uralskoye (Уральское) | Almenhausen | 1950 |
| Ushakowo (Ушаково) | Kutkehmen and Stablacken, Ksp. Puschdorf , since 1928: Pregelau | 1950 |
| Vinogradnoye (Виноградное) | Stuttgart | 1950 |
| Voronowo (Вороново) | Uszbundzen and Worpillen, together since 1928: oak star | 1950 |
church
Church building
Soon after the Reformation , a Protestant church was built in Norkitten . In 1730 the tower collapsed on the nave during a heavy thunderstorm and destroyed the church. Between 1731 and 1833, Prince Leopold Maximilian von Anhalt-Dessau had a new church built in Norkitten, which was modeled on the Georgenkirche in Dessau and had an oval-elongated floor plan. The brick building is only as today ruins to see. It was damaged in World War II and then left to decay.
Parish
Since the Reformation, Norkitten has been a church village with a predominantly Protestant population. In 1925 the parish comprised 24 places in which 4,200 parishioners lived. Until 1945 the Norkitten church belonged to the church district Insterburg in the church province of East Prussia of the church of the Old Prussian Union . Up to 1945, 24 Lutheran clergy held office here.
A new Evangelical Lutheran congregation was established in Meschduretschje in the 1990s. It is a branch parish of the church region Chernyachovsk (Insterburg) in the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia .
Attractions
In Meschduretschje there is an obelisk to commemorate the Russian victory in the battle of Groß-Jägersdorf during the Seven Years' War in 1757, which was won with heavy losses. The former princely Anhalt castle of Norkitten is now in ruins, as is the village church.
Infrastructure
Meschduretschje is located on what is now the broad-gauge (1520 mm) railway line ( Moscow - Vilnius -) Nesterow - Kaliningrad (route kilometers 1215 from Moscow). The train station is about two kilometers east of the village.
The A229 Nesterow – Kaliningrad trunk road , part of the European route 28 , the former Reichsstrasse 1 , runs through the village .
Sons and daughters (selection)
- Hansheinrich Trunz (1908–1994), journalist and cultural historian
Web links
- Norkitten (GenWiki)
- History of Norkitten and the Dessau region
- Tradition of the Norkitten office in the State Archives Saxony-Anhalt, Dessau department
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ a b The Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 июня 1947 г. "Об образовании сельских советов, городов и рабочих поселков в Калининградской области" (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 17 June 1947: On the Formation of village Soviets , Cities and workers' settlements in Kaliningrad Oblast).
- ^ Rolf Jehke, Norkitten district