Nesterow

Stallupönen is a redirect to this article. For the battle, see Battle at Stallupönen . For further meanings of Nestorow see Nesterow (disambiguation) .

city Nesterow Stallupönen (Ebenrode) Нестеров coat of arms Federal district Northwest Russia Oblast Kaliningrad Rajon Nesterow head Oleg Viktorovich Kutin First mention 1539 Earlier names Stallupönen (until 1938) Ebenrode (1938–1946) City since 1722 surface 8  km² population 4595 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 574 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 65  m Time zone UTC + 2 Telephone code (+7) 40144 Post Code 238010 License Plate 39, 91 OKATO 27 224 501 Geographical location Coordinates 54 ° 38 '  N , 22 ° 34'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 38 '0 "  N , 22 ° 34' 0"  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Kaliningrad Oblast

List of cities in Russia

Nesterow ( Russian Нестеров ; German until 1938 Stallupönen , 1938 to 1946 Ebenrode ) is a town with 4595 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010), the district center of the Rajon Nesterow in the east of the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad ( Königsberg area ). The city was given its current name in 1947 in memory of Colonel Stepan Kuzmitsch Nesterow , who fell near Kassuben on October 20, 1944 during the Red Army's first advance into East Prussia .

location

The city is located in the northeastern part of the historical East Prussia region , twelve kilometers from the Russian-Lithuanian border and about 140 km east of Kaliningrad .

history

The original place name “Stallupönen” is derived from the Prussian “stalas” (erect stone) and “upe” (river) and referred to a place of worship on the river. It was first mentioned as "Stallupenn" in 1539 in the files of the Insterburg Main Office . It was later elevated to a market town . In 1539 it was given a church, but goats were still secretly sacrificed into the 18th century.

On the occasion of a visit by the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm I in 1721, the town submitted a request for city charter, which was granted on June 22, 1722. In the following years the king had Joachim Ludwig Schultheiss von Unfriedt expand the city to include a new town. The new settlers came from different parts of Germany, including many religious expellees from the Principality of Salzburg . In June 1812 Napoleon's troops marched through Stallupönen on their march to Russia and did great damage. When, after the war of liberation , a 1815 administrative reform in Prussia was conducted Stallupönen received the status of a district town in the same county .

During the First World War , on August 11, 1914, a battle broke out near Stallupönen . The city was largely destroyed. After the withdrawal of the Russians, the reconstruction of the city began in 1915 in the style of homeland security architecture .

In the course of the renaming of places in East Prussia in 1938 , the Nazi regime renamed Stallupönen to "Ebenrode". During the Second World War , the last inhabitants left the place as part of an evacuation on October 16, 1944, which was then destroyed by an air raid.

On January 13, 1945, the Red Army occupied the city. It was placed under Soviet administration on April 7, 1946 as part of the northern half of East Prussia . The Kaliningrad Oblast was settled with Soviet families in several campaigns. The Area Executive Committee decided on October 18, 1947, after approval by the Supreme Soviet , the new Russian place names.

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  Pre-War Relics (2009)

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  Arbours

Population development

until 1945 year Residents Remarks 1782 2,357 without the garrison (a squad of Black Hussars and a squad of Bosniaks ) 1802 2,262 1810 2,389 1816 2,599 including 2,557 Protestants, 30 Catholics and twelve Jews 1821 2,523 1831 2,570 1875 3,763 1880 3,997 1890 4,673 including 109 Catholics and 91 Jews 1910 5,646 1933 6,294 1939 6,644

since 1945 year Residents 1959 3,205 1970 4,004 1979 4,745 1989 4,826 2002 5,049 2010 4,595

Ethnic composition

In 2010, the ethnic composition of Nesterow was as follows:

87.2% Russians 3.3% Lithuanians 3.2% Belarusians 2.7% Ukrainians 0.8% German

0.5% Poland 0.4% Roma 0.3% tartars 0.3% Chuvash 1.3% others

traffic

railway station

In the city center, the Russian trunk road A 229 (former German Reichsstrasse 1 , today also Europastrasse 28 ) meets the trunk road R 510 coming from Dobrowolsk (Pillkallen / Schloßberg) , a side road from Kutusowo (Schirwindt) and a road connection from the Russian- Polish border area near Saslonowo via Kalinino and Ilyushino .

Nesterow is the border station of the railway line from Kaliningrad ( Königsberg ) via Gussew ( Gumbinnen ) to the onward journey to Lithuania - a section of the former Prussian Eastern Railway . In Nesterow a branch line branches off in a southerly direction to Krasnolessje (Groß Rominten / Hardteck) , which before 1945 led to Goldap . A railway line leading north to Ragnit and Tilsit before 1945 is no longer in operation.

church

Protestant church

Church building

The first Protestant church was built in Stallupönen in 1585 on a hill. It was replaced by a successor in 1726. After war damage, the church was torn down in the 1950s.

Parish

Stallupönen belonged to the parish of Pillupönen until 1586 (1938–1946 Schloßbach , Russian: Newskoje) and then became independent. Until 1725 the community was part of the Insterburg (Tschernjachowsk) inspection , after which it came to the Gumbinnen inspection (Gussew). Until 1945 it gave its name to the church district Stallupönen, to which it belonged and which was in the area of ​​the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . Initially a clergyman did his job here, from 1736 another pastor took care of the official business.

During the time of the Soviet Union , the evangelical church life came to a standstill. In the 1990s a new parish was established in the neighboring town of Babuschkino , which belongs to the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia (ELKER) and in which the pastors of the Salzburg Church in Gussew serve.

Church records

Some church records from the time before 1945 could be saved and are now in the Evangelical Central Archive in Berlin-Kreuzberg : Baptisms (1729-1830), weddings (1768-1856), burials (1725-1847) and confirmations (1800-1832, 1841, 1850, 1852, 1854).

Pastor 1589–1945

Pastors were active in Stallupönen / Ebenrode from the Reformation until 1945:

• Johann Holstein, from 1590
• N. Stimer, 1595-1602
• Samuel Sperber, 1603-1613
• Gregorius Wirzinski, 1613-1640
• Martin Schultz, 1640-1650
• Johann Heinrich Leopoldi, 1650–1662
• Cyprian Czudnochowius, 1651-1686
• Johann Wolfgang Musculus, 1686-1725
• Albrecht Piascowius, 1712-1717
• Christian Guleke, 1717-1748
• Johann Friedrich Breuer, 1736–1769
• Johann Heinrich Kunzmann, 1749–1775
• Gottlieb Westphal, 1769–1788
• Gottlieb Funck, 1775–1781
• Carl Gottlieb Steinberg, 1781–1797
• Johann Christoph Prellwitz, 1786–1788
• Johann Immanuel Groschke, 1789–1801
• Christoph Andreas Sachs, 1796–1813
• Christian F. Unspoiled, 1803-1808
• Johann Wilhelm Kopp, 1808–1813
• Friedrich Wilhelm Rauschning, 1813–1817
• Johann Wilhelm Kopp, 1813–1823
• Johann Carl Prellwitz, 1817–1827
• Benjamin Lebrecht Hinz, 1824–1831
• Carl Eduard Torno, 1827-1833
• Friedrich Ferdinand Schultz, from 1831
• Johann Ferdinand Runau, 1833–1844
• Otto Julius C. Hinz, 1845-1860
• Eduard Theodor Hch. Küsel, 1869-1871
• Ludwig (Johann) Johannesson, 1860–1885
• Franz Otto L. Pensky, 1871–1879
• Sylvester Suszczynski, 1881–1883
• Franz Moritz Ziehe, 1884–1885
• Johann Gustav Theodor Glodkowski, 1885–1907
• Friedrich Otto Rosinski, 1888–1889
• Friedrich Karl Moßeik, 1889–1919
• Ernst Georg Gustav Liedtke, 1908–1919
• Herbert Herrgesell, 1919–1934
• Traugott Otto G. Getzuhn, 1920–1934
• Max Michalik, 1934-1937
• Karl Woronowicz, 1935-1945
• Wilhelm Rugullis, until 1941
• Oskar Anton, 1942–1945

Church district

Stalluponen around 1900

Stallupönen in 1915, the Protestant church in the background

The Stallupön area was not populated until the 16th century and thus formed a protective wall against enemy incursions from the east. The border between the Teutonic Order and Lithuania was contractually established in 1422, but it was not until Duke Albrecht of Prussia (1525–1568), high master of the order, that the settlement took place. The Reformation was introduced, and at the same time farming areas were created through reclamation, which were merged into parishes , with churches built in the center.

The first documented settlement was Kattow (= Kattenau , Russian: Sawety). The village of Stallupönen did not come into being until 1525. Like the colloquial language , the sermon language was Lithuanian , the official language was Middle German .

The first churches of the later church district of Stallupönen were built in the second half of the 16th century: in Pillupönen (1938–1946 Schloßbach , Russian: Newskoje) 1557, in Kattenau (Sawety) 1560, in Stallupönen 1585, in Enzuhnen (1938–1946 Rodebach , Russian: Tschkalowo) 1608 and in Mehlkehmen (1938–1946 Birkenmühle , Russian: Kalinino) 1692.

From 1685, Huguenots who had been expelled from France because of their Protestant faith were settled in the Stallupönen area under the Great Elector . In 1731/1732 Protestant Salzburgers immigrated , who also had to leave their homeland for reasons of faith. In this time and later developed other churches: in pictures Wide's (1938-1946 Images widths , Russian: Lugowoje) in 1718, in Göritten (Pushkino) 1725, in Soginten (Swirskoje) in the parish Enzuhnen 1772, in Eydtkuhnen (1938-1946 Eydtkau , Russian: Chernyshevskoye) in 1876 and in Kassuben (Ilyinskoye) in 1901.

In October 1944 the area of ​​the church district, called Ebenrode since 1938, was the front area. The churches in Enzuhnen, Eydtkuhnen and Kassuben were badly damaged and partially burned out by the war, and those in Stallupönen and Göritten were less damaged. The churches in Pillupönen, Kattenau and in Bilderweitschen were completely preserved (here also, as in Stallupönen, the Catholic Church). There is no information about the church in Soginten.

The churches were misused, fell into disrepair or were torn down during the Soviet era. The only church in the Stallupöner Kreis that is still preserved today and is used for church purposes is the Catholic Church in Stallupönen, now an Orthodox church. The Pillupöner church has been preserved and restored, but is used as a museum. There are only ruins left of the Eydtkuhn church.

If church life in the Stallupön church district came to a standstill during the Soviet era, four new Protestant congregations emerged in its area in the 1990s: in Babushkino , in Yasnaya Polyana , in Kalinino and in Newskoje . They belong to the Kaliningrad provost in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia (ELKER) and are looked after by the clergy of the Salzburg Church in Gussew .

Parish Stallupönen

The following villages belonged to the parish of Stallupönen around 1890:

Surname	Remarks	Surname	Remarks
Unraveling	1895 to the newly founded parish Groß Warningken , 1937 incorporated into Szillen	Roux
Amalienhof	Manor district, incorporated into the municipality of Paballen in 1928	Paballen
Cash	School location	Packers
Deeden		Patilszen
Doblendszen		Peschicken	School location
Drusken		Peterlauken	1895 to the newly founded parish Groß Warningken, 1937 incorporated into Szillen
Take	School location	Petri dishes
Big Wannagupchen	School location	Peck	1938 incorporated into Bareischkehmen
Grünhof (East Pr.)		Rough beans
Broken hops	Integrated into Paballen in 1896	Ribben
Kerrin	Manor district, incorporated into Enskehmen in 1928	Shocking
Kischen		Scarulls	1939 incorporated into Uszballen
Small Wannagupchen		Stallupönen
Kögsten		Scill	School location, 1895 for the newly founded parish Groß Warningken
Frills		Szillehlen
Lawischkehmen	School location	Uszballen
Leibgarten	1938 incorporated into Bareischkehmen	Wagons
Gaps		Wertimlauken	1895 to the newly founded parish Groß Warningken, 1937 incorporated into Jucknischken
Lukoshen	1937 incorporated into Lucken	Wilpischen	School location
Mallißen

In the quoted list, Klein Degesen is also mentioned, but it is also assigned to the parish of Bilderweitschen .

Catholic Church

Church building

The former Catholic Church was built in 1927. It survived the war but served as the house of the pioneers for a long time and was handed over to the Russian Orthodox Church in 1993 .

Parish

Before 1945, the Catholic Church in Stallupönen belonged to the Diocese of Warmia .

Orthodox Church

Russian Orthodox Holy Spirit Church

Since 1993 the former Catholic Church has belonged to the Russian Orthodox Church, which it uses as a place of worship. The Kaliningrad Oblast is part of the Kaliningrad and Baltiysk diocese .

Sports

On May 18, 2013, the modern sports and health center "Salut" was opened in Nesterow. There are courses in volleyball , basketball , gymnastics , tennis and martial arts .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

• Georg Friedrich Bunge (1722–1792), pharmacist and founder of the German Evangelical Lutheran Congregation in Kiev
• Georg Friedrich von Kall (1781–1813), officer
• Friedrich Dulk (1788–1851), chemist and pharmacologist, wrote the commentary on the Prussian Pharmacopoeia
• Leopold von Orlich (1804–1860), writer and officer
• Friedrich Bielitz (1813–1877), district administrator in Lötzen
• Alexander von Normann (1893–1983), lawyer
• Felix Steiner (1896–1966), General of the Waffen SS
• Bruno Kiesler (1925–2011), politician ( SED )
• Sigrid Dittrich (* 1930), journalist and author
• Lothar Lechleiter (* 1942), part of the duo Schobert & Black as "Black"
• Klaus Theweleit (* 1942), German literary scholar, cultural theorist and philosopher

Connected to the city

• Ulrich Woronowicz (1928–2011), Protestant theologian and book author, attended elementary school and grammar school in Stallupönen / Ebenrode from 1935 to 1944.

See also

• List of cities in Kaliningrad Oblast

literature

• Chronicle of the city of Stallupönen. Since the city was founded from 1722 up to and including 1833 . In: Preußische Provinzial-Blätter , Volume 15, Königsberg 1836, pp. 145–156 ( Online, Google ) and 384–400 ( Online, Google ).
• Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have admitted to the Lutheran churches in East Prussia since the Reformation . Königsberg 1777, pp. 115-116.
• Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I, Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 30, No. 5).
• Rudolf Grenz : The history of the Stallupönen / Ebenrode district in East Prussia. Documentation of an East Prussian border district . District community Stallupönen (Ebenrode) ², Marburg / Lahn 1981
• Friedwald Moeller: Old Prussian Evangelical Pastors' Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 , Hamburg 1968
• Karl Moszeik: Stallupönen. History up to the Russian invasion in 1914. Karl Linke, Leipzig 1915
• August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, pp. 470–471, no. 85.
• Christa Stache, Directory of the Church Books in the Evangelical Central Archive in Berlin , Part 1: The Eastern Church Provinces of the Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union, Berlin, 1992³

Web links

Commons : Nesterow  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• http://www.ebenrode.info/
• http://www.stallupoenen.de/
• Nesterow on mojgorod.ru (Russian)
• Buildings in Stallupönen
• Herbert Lepenis, beginning and end of the churches in the Ebenrode district (Stallupönen)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ^ Insa Mareike Rega: The Soviet Resettlement of Northern East Prussia up to 1950 using the example of four districts , Siegen 2002, p. 20. ISBN 3-936355-35-5 .
3. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I, Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 30, No. 5).
4. ↑ ^{a b c d} Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 386–387, item 697.
5. ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, pp. 470–471, no. 85.
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Ebenrode.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
7. ↑ Census data published by the Territorial Organ of the Federal State Statistics Service in Kaliningrad Oblast
8. ↑ Founder of the Corps Littuania
9. ↑ Agathon Harnoch: History and Statistics of the Protestant churches in the provinces of East and West Prussia . Nipkow, Neidenburg 1890, p. 359-360 .
10. ↑ http://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/33414/
11. ↑ Biography of Lothar Lechleiter ( Memento of the original from June 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.