District of Ebenrode

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the district of Ebenrode Location of the district of Ebenrode in Germany in 1944/45
Basic data (status approx. 1945)
Existing period: 1818 - 1945
Country : Prussia
(Germany until 1945)
Province : East Prussia
Administrative region : Gumbinnen
Administrative headquarters : Ebenrode (Stallupönen)
Surface: 703.93 km²
Residents : 41,265 (May 17, 1939)
Population density : 58.6 inhabitants per km²
License plate : IC
1953 planned: SPÖ (for Stallupönen)
Circle structure: 169 municipalities
1 manor district
in 23 administrative districts
Location of the circle
Location of the district

The district Ebenrode (until 1938 Circle Stallupönen , 1938 renamed in county Ebenrode ) in East Prussia was from 1818 to 1945. The municipality Trakehnen was known for its horse breeding .

The district bordered Pillkallen district in the north, Lithuania in the east , Goldap district in the south and Gumbinnen district in the west .

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia

With the Prussian administrative reforms after the Congress of Vienna , the district of Stallupönen was established in the administrative district of Gumbinnen in the province of East Prussia on September 1, 1818 .

This included the parishes:

  • Picture widening,
  • To learn
  • Goeritten,
  • Kattenau,
  • Cash boxes,
  • Pillupons,
  • Stallupönen,
  • Szirgupönen 1) .

The district office was in Stallupönen.

1) = On January 1, 1824, the parish of Szirgupönen was incorporated into the district of Gumbinner from the Stallupönen district .

Since December 3, 1829, the district - after the merger of the previous provinces of Prussia and West Prussia - belonged to the new province of Prussia with the seat in Königsberg i. Pr.

North German Confederation and German Empire

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . After the division of the province of Prussia into the new provinces of East Prussia and West Prussia, the Stallupönen district became part of East Prussia on April 1, 1878.

On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Stallupönen district in line with the development in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all previously independent manor districts were dissolved except for two and assigned to neighboring rural communities.

On September 7, 1938, the district was in Ebenrode renamed . On January 1, 1939 resulted circle Ebenrode the term in accordance with the rich now unified control district .

In spring 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army and came under Soviet administration after the end of the war . Today the former district area belongs to the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast .

District administrators

1818– : Otto von Kortzfleisch0000
1841–1860: Carl Gamradt
1860–1868: Karl Riemer
1868–1872: Ludolph von Estorff
1872–1874: Friedrich Otto Hermann Wolffgramm
1874–1879: Karl Schulz
1879–1889: Franz Burchard
1889–1901: Otto Hoffmann
1901–1907: Wilhelm von Redern
1907–1915: Wilhelm Gaede
1915-1919: Theodor Kramer
1919–1921: Fritz Freiherr Schoultz von Ascheraden
1921–1925: Hero Kruse
1925–1934: Leopold von Knobloch
1935–1945: Otto Bochum

Local constitution

The district of Stallupönen was initially divided into the townships of Eydtkuhnen and Stallupönen, into rural communities and - until they were almost completely eliminated - into independent manor districts.

With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 .

A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply .

cities and communes

Administrative structure 1945

The district of Ebenrode was made up of 169 municipalities at the beginning of 1945, including the towns of Ebenrode (Stallupönen) and Eydtkau (Eydtkuhnen) as well as two manor districts:

Districts & municipalities Population (1939) comment
City of Ebenrode (until 1938 Stallupönen) 6,608  
1. Ebenrode, city Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Stallupönen, vacant
City of Eydtkau (until 1938 Eydtkuhnen) 4,922  
1. Eydtkau, city Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Eydtkuhnen, vacant
Stoning District 1,182  
1. Stone 147  
2. Grenzkrug 55 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Lengwehnen
3. Children's home 208 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Kinderweitschen
4. Narwickau 145 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Kryschullen
5. Nickel fields 102 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Nickelnischken
6. Romeics 149  
7. Schapten 73  
8. Schleuwen 54  
9. Seebach (East Pr.) 114 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Escherkehmen
10. Sense of mind 101 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Jodringkehmen
11. Strengths 34  
District of Bilderweit (until 1938 Bilderweitschen) 1.313  
1. Antonshain 68 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Antanishken
2. Image widths 342 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Bildweitschen
3. Great Degesen 277  
4. Jocking 77 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Jocknen
5. Lauken 206  
6. Lehmfelde 92 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Plimballen
7. Mosquitoes 72  
8. Schmilgen 36  
9. Schuggern 49  
10. Wagons 29  
11. Wide rest 65 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Nausseden
District Birkenmühle (until 1938 Mehlkehmen) 1,076  
1. Birch mill Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Mehlkehmen
District of Bredauen 1,045  
1. Bredauen 482  
2. Ellerbach (East Pr.) 106 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Groß Grigalischken
3. Hochmühlen 190 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Scheskehmen
4. Lichtentann 77 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Girnischken
5. Prussia Wall 190 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Gudellen
District Burgkampen (until 1938 Jentkutkampen) 1.939  
1. Oversbrothers 181  
2. Burgkampen 591 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Jentkutkampen
3. Eimental 83 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Eymenischken
4. Greaves 113  
5. Heimfelde 187 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Schillgallen
6. Mildenheim 69  
7. Raineck 133 Renamed 16 July 1938, formerly Uschdeggen
8. Randau (East Pr.) 91 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Schockwethen
9. Seekampen 178  
10. Blazing 60 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Ströhlkehmen
11. Teichacker 139 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Walleykehmen
12. Wittkampen 114  
Buschfelde district (Ostpr.) (Until 1938 Podschohnen) 1,022  
1. Buschfelde (East Pr.) 296 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Podschohnen
2. Datzken 48 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Datzkehmen
3. Ellerau (East Pr.) 117 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Mitzkaweitschen
4. Erlenhagen 249 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Laukupönen
5. Fir mill 224 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Egglenischken
6. Tauern 88 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Tauerkallen
Drusken District 1,628  
1. Baringen 432 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Bareischkehmen
2. Bridges (Ostpr.) 92 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Patilschen
3. Drusken 198  
4. Kögsten 53  
5. Crow forest 70 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Kischen
6. Lehmau 114 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Schillehlen
7. Gaps 168  
8. Packing 45  
9. Park courtyard 58 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Doblendschen
10. Pohlau 98 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Schöckstupönen
11. Rauschendorf (East Pr.) 87  
12. Ribben 101  
13. Wilpen 112 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Wilpischen
Eichkamp District (until 1938 Schakummen) 1,094  
1. Disselberg 112 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Disselwethen
2. Eichkamp 231 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Schackummen
3. Germingen 79 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Germingkehmen
4. Deer bush 127 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Girnuhnen
5. Hill location 545 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Schwentischken
District of Föhrenhorst (until 1938 Jucknischken) 1,571  
1. Slash and burn 38 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Schirmeyen
2. Eichhagen (East Pr.) 339 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Schwirgallen
3. Föhrenhorst 322 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Jucknischken
4. Hainau 462 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Schilleningken
5. Schellendorf 240 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Schillen
6. Stand up 170 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Stehlischken
District of Göritten 1,442  
1. Alexbrück 367 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Alexkehmen
2. Göritten 467  
3. Grünweide (Kr.Ebenrode) 300 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Dopönen
4. Haldenau (East Pr.) 235 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Kallweitschen
5. Talfriede 73 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Rudschen
Hohenschanz district (until 1938 Gallkehmen) 1,246  
1. Finkenschlucht 71 Renamed 16 July 1938, formerly Bäuerlich Budweitschen
2. Fox hagen 184 Renamed 16 July 1938, formerly Matzkutschen
3. Grundhausen 26th Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Adlig Budweitschen
4. Haselgrund (East Pr.) 68 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Shaboyed
5. Hellbrunn 153 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Mattlauken
6. Hochtann 81 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Susseitschen
7. Hohenschanz 118 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Gallkehmen
8. Mats 86 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Matternischken
9. Platen 82  
10. Sannen 117 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Sannseitschen
11. Shaking 48  
12. Semme parts 56  
13. Wickenfeld 156 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Wicknaweitschen
Nassawen District (until 1938 Jägersthal) 896  
1. Damerau 229  
2. Dürrfelde 107 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Krajutkehmen
3. Kalkhöfe 158 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Aschlauken
4. Nassawen 402  
5. Schenkenhagen 196 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Schinkuhnen
Kassuben district 977  
1. Alpine pastures 83 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly antonyms
2. Hill village 77 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Karklienen
3. Cash boxes 243  
4. Kickwieden 145  
5. Kinderfelde 55 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Kinderlauken
6. Lay 81  
7. Lengen 96 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Groß Lengmeschken
8. Wind Mountains (Ostpr.) 133 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Baubeln
9. Wohren 64  
District of Kattenau 1,536  
1. Altenfließ (East Pr.) 68 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Noruschuppen
2. Dräwen 114 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Dräweningken
3. Kattenau 696  
4. fracture of swelling 98 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Kiaulacken
5. Swans 29 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Schwentakehmen
6. Sucking 471  
7. Willdorf 60 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Willkinnen
District Mühlengarten (until 1938 Milluhnen) 1,793  
1. Berningen 120 Renamed 16 July 1938, formerly Berninglauken
2. Hollenau (East Pr.) 184 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Jodschen
3. Lengfriede 191 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Skrudschen
4. Mill garden 460 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Milluhnen
5. Scharfeneck 271  
6. Locks 173 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Pakalnishks
7. Stolzenau (East Pr.) 161 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Schillupönen
8. Ulmenau (East Pr.) 42 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Puplauken
9. Willow cross 191 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Benullen
District of Neu Trakehnen (until 1931 Alt Kattenau) 1,300  
1. Kummeln 176  
2. New Trakehnen 801  
3. Seehausen 141  
4. Sonnenmoor 182 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Kiddeln
District Rodebach (until 1938 Enzuhnen) 1,298  
1. Bite 68  
2. Freieneck 45 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Kubillehlen
3. Lerchenborn (East Pr.) 263 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Schluidschen
4. Rodebach 261 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Enzuhnen
5. Trakehnen 501  
6. Wilken 53  
7. Vortex 107  
District of Rominter Heide, part of Kr.Ebenrode (until 1938 part of Kr. Stallupönen) 0  
1. Rominter Heide , part of Kr.Ebenrode, Forst, parish-free estate district  
District of Schloßbach (until 1938 Pillupönen) 1,461  
1. Norway 100  
2. Pfeifenberg 37 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Daugelischken
3. Schlossbach 791 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Pillupönen
4. Steinhalde 175 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Taschieten
5. Sudeiken 32  
6. Wenzbach 326 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Wenzlowischken
Sodargen District 1,122  
1. Bartztal 129 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Bartzkehmen
2. Gutweide (East Pr.) 91 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Gutweitschen
3. Cancer flow 96 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Ambraskehmen
4. Neuenbach 49 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Schwiegupönen
5. Raschen (Ostpr.) 47 Renamed 16 July 1938, formerly Radschen
6. Rauschmünde 65 Renamed 16 July 1938, formerly Kosakweitschen
7. Sandau (East Pr.) 101 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Oschnaggern
8. Sodargen 368  
9. wobble 176  
District Soginten 883  
1. Different reason 95 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Anderskehmen
2. Hohenfried 166  
3. Jürgenrode 65 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Jurgeitschen
4. Kischken 118  
5. Climbing 114 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Bugdschen
6. Martinsort 48 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Rittigkeitschen
7. Flour kinten 43  
8. Soginten 93  
9. Urfelde 141 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Urbschen
District Stadtfelde (until 1938 Groß Wannagupchen) 2,197  
1. Altbruch 66 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Peschicken
2. Amalienhof 275  
3. Bruchhofs 338  
4. Level floor 70  
5. Grünhof 125  
6. Broken hops 112  
7. Malissen 153  
8. Rauhdorf 71 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Raudohnen
9. Rohren (Ostpr.) 187 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Groß Wannagupchen
10. Shooting location 147 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Petrikatschen
11. Stadtfelde 602 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Lawischkehmen
12. Stumble 51  
Trakehnen district 1,518  
1. Great Trakehnen  

Place names

On June 3, 1938, place names were extensively renamed in the Stallupönen district - with official confirmation from July 16, 1938 - due to an order from the Gauleiter and Upper President of East Prussia, Erich Koch, including the district town and thus the name of the whole District, which was now called the district of Ebenrode. Many place names have been "modernized", because in the eyes of those in power "not German enough", through phonetic adjustments, translations or free inventions: 115 of 175 municipalities (as of May 17, 1939) were given a new name.

In addition to the municipalities mentioned above, smaller places were also renamed:

  • Abracken: Kornfelde
  • Alt Budupönen : Altpreußenfelde
  • Old Kattenau : New Trakehnen
  • Ambraskehmen: Krebsfließ
  • Bajohrgallen: Goltzfelde
  • Bartzkehmen: Bartztal
  • Danzkehmen : Oettingen
  • Gudweitschen: Gutweide (East Pr.)
  • Gurdschen : Schwichowshof
  • Jucknischken: Föhrenhorst
  • Kalpakin: royal oaks
  • Klein tarpupönen : summer mug
  • Kosakweitschen: Rauschmünde
  • New Budupönen: Neupreußenfelde
  • Osznaggern / Oschnaggern: Sandau (Ostpr.)
  • Peterlauken: Petersort
  • Radszen / Radschen: Raschen (Ostpr.)
  • Schilleningken : Hainau
  • Schwieguphnen: Neuenbach
  • Szillen / Schillen: Schellendorf
  • Taukenischken: Belowsruh
  • Wertimlauken: Kleinföhrenforst
  • Wilpischen : Wilpen

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government v. Gumbinnen, year 1823, No. 50, p. 724.
  2. ↑ Acta Borussica Volume 8 / II (1890–1900), p. 506 (PDF file; 2.19 MB)
  3. ^ Community encyclopedia for the Free State of Prussia, Volume 1: Province of East Prussia, Berlin 1931
  4. ^ Official directory of the German Reich 1939, 2nd edition 1941
  5. ^ Official directory of the German Reich 1939, 2nd edition 1941
  6. ^ Andreas Kossert (2003). “'Grenzlandpolitik' and Ostforschung on the periphery of the empire. East Prussian Masuria 1919–1945 ”. Quarterly Issues for Contemporary History , Volume 51, Issue 2, April 2003, Page 141 ( PDF )
  7. ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Stallupönen (Ebenrode, Russian Nesterow). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).