Labiau district
The Labiau district was a district in East Prussia and existed from 1818 to 1945.
overview
The district had an area of 1078 km² and in 1939 was inhabited by approx. 51,000 inhabitants.
On January 1, 1945, Labiau County comprised:
- the city of Labiau
- and 118 other communities
- and seven manor districts (forests).
Administrative history
Kingdom of Prussia
Before 1818 the administrative unit Amt Labiau existed , which included 61 places. The Prussian administrative reforms after the Congress of Vienna, which was created with the February 1, 1818 Circle Labiau in the administrative district of Kaliningrad in the Prussian province of East Prussia .
This included the parishes:
The district office was in Labiau.
Since December 3, 1829, the district - after the merger of the previous provinces of Prussia and West Prussia - belonged to the new province of Prussia with the seat in Königsberg i. Pr.
German Empire
Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . After the division of the province of Prussia into the new provinces of East Prussia and West Prussia, the Labiau district became part of East Prussia on April 1, 1878.
On January 9, 1884, the Michelau estate - an enclave in the Wehlau district - was ceded by the Labiau district to the Wehlau district. On July 1, 1891, the Julienhöhe and Willmanns estate districts from the Königsberg i. Pr. Incorporated into the Labiau district. On September 30, 1929, in line with developments in the rest of Prussia, a regional reform took place in the Labiau district, in which almost all previously independent manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. Around 1930 the district of Labiau had around 50,000 inhabitants with a total area of 1066 square kilometers.
In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army and then came under Soviet administration. The resident German population, if they had not already fled, was subsequently expelled . Today the former district area belongs to the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast .
District administrators
- 1818–1836: by Cisielsky
- 1836–1869: Friedrich von Negelein
- 1869–1878: Gustav Bernhard Heyer (1839–1923)
- 1878–1880: Arthur von Knobloch (1825–1901) ( acting )
- 1880 : Krantz (acting)
- 1880–1892: Karl Robert-Tornow (1851–1892)
- 1892–1899: Max Rötger (1860–1923)
- 1899–1907: Karl Hesse
- 1907–1915: Walter von Hippel (1872–1936)
- 1915–1918: Georg Albert Bacmeister (1880–1918)
- 1918–1920: Otto Constantin (1883–1928)
- 1920–1927: Kurt Führer (1888–1955)
- 1927–1933: Paul Josupeit (1891–1954)
- 1933–1939: Ernst Penner (1883–1940)
- 1940 : Wilhelm Stursberg ( substitute )
- 1940– : Artur Lebrecht ( substitute )
- 1943 : Arnold Krampe ( acting )
- 1943 Klaus von der Groeben (1902–2002) ( substitute ) :
- 1944 : Gerhard Kohlhoff ( substitute )
- 1945 Arnold Krampe (1910–1983) :
Local constitution
The Labiau district was initially divided into an urban municipality, rural communities and - until they were almost completely eliminated - into independent manor districts.
With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitution Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all municipalities from January 1, 1934. The previous municipality of Labiau was now called the city .
With the introduction of the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced on April 1, 1935 at the municipal level .
A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply .
Districts
In addition to the city of Labiau, there were 34 administrative districts in Labiau County between 1874 and 1945 :
Surname | Change name 1938–1946 |
Surname | Change name 1938–1946 |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Bärwalde | Mehlauken | Liebenfelde | ||
Bend this | Mettkeim | |||
Droosden | Nemons | Elchwerder | ||
Geidlauken | Heiligenhain |
Neuwiese until 1930: dimming table tops |
||
Gertlauken | Obscherninken 1938–1946: Dachsfelde |
Korehlen | ||
Gilge |
Pareyken 1938-1946: Goldberg |
Jackaulack | ||
Big tree | arrow | |||
Hindenburg until 1918: Groß Friedrichsgraben I |
Piplin | Timber Harbor | ||
Kaymen | Kaimen | Booze | Markthausen | |
Klein Baum until 1931 also: Rosenberg |
Reikenink | Reiken | ||
Klein Naujock, Forst until 1902: Pöppeln, Forst |
Alder forest | Scharlack | ||
Kotta, forest | Liebenfelde, Forst | Schmerberg | ||
Curonian Lagoon | Tension rules | |||
Rennet | Sternberg until 1931: Old or New Sternberg |
|||
Laukischken | Tawellningken | Taw wave break | ||
Lukewarm | Big moss break | Uszballen 1938–1938: Uschballen |
Mühlenau | |
Legitten |
Wanghusen until 1929 also: writing |
Place names
In 1938, extensive changes to place names took place in Labiau County. Since mostly "not German enough", these were phonetic adjustments, translations or free inventions, for example:
|
|
Personalities
- Colmar von der Goltz (1843–1916), Field Marshal General, military historian
- Anna Neander , pastor's wife from Laukischken , known as Ännchen von Tharau
- Arthur Daehnke (1872–1932), magistrate in Mehlauken and officer, the "Great Prophet"
- Bruno Huguenin (1880–1964), lawyer in the cooperative system
literature
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, p. 9, point 2.
- Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the Königsberg administrative region. Berlin 1966, Kreis labiau, pp. 1-51.
- Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, according to official sources. Hartung, Königsberg 1861, pp. 141-151.
- Leopold Krug : The Prussian Monarchy - represented topographically, statistically and economically. Part 1: East Prussia Province. Berlin 1833, pp. 241-295 .
Web links
- Labiau district administrative history and list of district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 28, 2013.
- GenWiki: Labiau district
- Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Labiau district (Russian Polessk). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- http://www.plew.info/verteiler_regionen.htm
Individual evidence
- ^ Office of Labiau . In: Economic-Technological Encyclopedia. Volume 58 (edited by Johann Georg Krünitz, Friedrich Jakob Floerken, Heinrich Gustav Flörke, Johann Wilhelm David Korth, Carl Otto Hoffmann and Ludwig Kossarski), Berlin 1792, pp. 40–43.
- ↑ The Big Brockhaus . 15th edition, 11th volume, Leipzig 1932, p. 4.
- ^ Rolf Jehke, cities and administrative districts, Labiau district