Gromowo (Kaliningrad)
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Gromowo
Lauknen (Hohenbruch (Ostpr.)) Громово
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Gromowo ( Russian Громово , German Lauknen , 1938 to 1945 Hohenbruch (East Prussia) , Lithuanian Lauknos ) is a place in the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad . It belongs to the local government unit Stadtkreis Slawsk in slavsky district .
Geographical location
Gromowo is located on the river Laukne (Russian: Rschewka) in the middle of the Großer Moosbruch (Russian: Bolschoje Mochowoje Boloto) and is 23 kilometers from the former district town of Polessk (Labiau) and 19 kilometers from the present Rajonsstadt Slavsk (Heinrichswalde) . A side road leads into the village, which branches off the regional road 27A-145 (ex A190 ) in a northerly direction at Salessje (Mehlauken , 1938 to 1946 Liebenfelde) . The next train station of the more than five kilometers long place is Zalessje on the railway line Kaliningrad – Sovetsk (Königsberg – Tilsit) .
history
The place later called Lauknen existed as Linkonin as early as the 14th century. Nearby is one of the most important archaeological finds of ceramics burials from the Neolithic Age , where the remains of dead bodies were dug up in a crouching position in 1933/1934. In 1828 the nearby moor colony Schöndorf was created , which developed more and more to the center of the Great Moosbruch and was united on March 3, 1887 as "Lauknen A" with Lauknen (= "Lauknen B"). Once a fishing village , Lauknen later became important due to its cattle and horse breeding as an economically competent estate. A windmill , peat extraction and a tree nursery also provided work.
On April 9, 1874, Lauknen gave its name to a newly established district , which was renamed "Large Moosbruch District" on August 25, 1938 and until 1945 belonged to the Labiau district in the Königsberg district of the Prussian province of East Prussia .
On June 3rd - officially confirmed on July 16th - of the year 1938 Lauknen was renamed "Hohenbruch (East Prussia)" for political and ideological reasons to avoid foreign place names.
As a result of the Second World War , the place came in 1945 with northern East Prussia to the Soviet Union . He was given the Russian name "Gromowo" in 1950 and was at the same time classified in the Bolshakovsky selski Sowet in the Bolshakovo Rajon . Since 1963 the place belongs to the Slavsk Raion . From 2008 to 2015 Gromowo belonged to the rural municipality Bolshakowskoje selskoje posselenije and since then to the urban district of Slavsk.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1910 | 828 |
| 1933 | 1,137 |
| 1939 | 1,150 |
| 2002 | 436 |
| 2010 | 423 |
Lauknen District (1874–1938)
The Lauknen district, which was newly established in 1874, initially included six villages. In 1938 there were still four parishes:
| Surname | Change name from 1938 | Russian name | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lukewarm | Hohenbruch (East Pr.) | Gromowo | |
| Laukwargen | 1877 incorporated into the manor district of Nemonien, Forst | ||
| Mauschern | Kleinlangendorf | Passechnoye | 1909 incorporated into the manor district of Nemonien |
| Nemonia, forest | Elchwerder, forest |
1935 in the Gutsbezirk Tawellningken in the district Gilge incorporated |
|
| Petricken | Welmdeich | Fontanka | |
| Timber | Rybatskoye | ||
| from 1935: old sweet milk | Friedrichsrode (East Pr.) | Tarasovka | until 1935 belonging to the district of Pfeil |
Of these places only Gromowo still exists today.
Hohenbruch concentration camp (1939-1945)
See the main article → Hohenbruch concentration camp
From August 1939 to January 1945 there was a concentration camp in Hohenbruch that was assigned to the Gestapo in Königsberg (Prussia) . Mainly Poles from Warmia , Masuria and Kujawy were imprisoned here, including teachers, pastors, customs officers and students from the University of Königsberg . The prisoners also included Jews, Germans, Russians and members of other nationalities. Four prisoners were shot. Today a memorial commemorated the camp.
church
Evangelical
Church building
Lauknen had long been a Protestant church village. An older church was replaced in 1850 by a new building, a wooden circular church with turrets as a crown. In 1905 the Lauknen church was rebuilt in a Gothic style with a high tower. This building survived the wars, but after 1945 it was used as a quarry and removed. The tower became a water tower and thus survived time, albeit in a demolished state as a ruin .
Parish
An independent parish was only founded in 1854, separated from the Gilge Church (today in Russian: Matorssowo). Before 1945, the parish had 4,200 parishioners who lived in 16 different towns and villages. It belonged to the parish of Labiau within the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . After 1945 all church life came to a standstill. Since the 1990s there has been a new Evangelical-Lutheran congregation in nearby Bolshakowo (Groß Skaisgirren , 1938 to 1946 Kreuzingen) , in whose catchment area Gromowo is today. It is a subsidiary of the Salzburg Church in Gussew (Gumbinnen) in the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia .
Russian Orthodox
Since 2018 there has been a Russian Orthodox Church in Gromovo , which is dedicated to Saint Spyridon .
school
After Schöndorf was incorporated into Lauknen ("Lauknen A"), a school was built opposite the church, which was initially two-class, later three-class. The building still stands today. In the other part of Lauknens ("Lauknen B") there was also a school that was considered to be the oldest of the Great Moosbruch. In 1764 a teacher Michael Topeit officiated here. As early as the middle of the 19th century, the school building proved to be too small, as she had to accommodate 130 school children in her classroom, which was barely enough for 40 children. A new school building was erected in 1847 and a single-class school in 1926. The building is empty today.
Gromowo Neuro-Psychiatric Institute
After 1945, a collective farm was the only employer in Gromowo, but since perestroika it has been a neuro-psychiatric institution (Russian: ОГСУСО - Gromowski psichonewrologitscheski internat) on the town's former marketplace. Around 200 patients (exclusively men) are cared for by around 100 employees.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ D. Lange, Geographical Location Register East Prussia (2005): Hohenbruch (Ostpr.)
- ↑ a b c d Gromowo - Lauknen / Hohenbruch at ostpreussen.net
- ^ D. Lange, Geographical Location Register East Prussia (2005): Schöndorf
- ↑ a b Rolf Jehke, Lauknen / Großes Moosbruch district
- ↑ The Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 5 июля 1950 г., №745 / 3, "О переименовании населённых пунктов Калининградской области» (Regulation 745/3 of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR "About renaming of places of Kaliningrad Oblast" from July 5, 1950)
- ↑ census data
- ↑ Hohenbruch Labor Education Camp Memorial
- ^ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty of Kaliningrad ( Memento of August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Information on https://news.rambler.ru/ from April 20, 2018