Bolshiye Bereschki (Kaliningrad)

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settlement
Bolschije Bereschki
Alt Lappienen (Rauterskirch)

Большие Бережки
Federal district Northwest Russia
Oblast Kaliningrad
Rajon Slavsk
Earlier names Gräflich Alt Lappienen (before 1871),
Lappienen (before 1910),
Alt Lappienen (until 1938),
Rauterskirch (1938–1946)
population 153 inhabitants
(as of Oct. 14, 2010)
Height of the center 10  m
Time zone UTC + 2
Telephone code (+7) 40163
Post Code 238612
License Plate 39, 91
OKATO 27 236 810 003
Geographical location
Coordinates 55 ° 6 ′  N , 21 ° 25 ′  E Coordinates: 55 ° 5 ′ 30 ″  N , 21 ° 25 ′ 0 ″  E
Bolschije Bereschki (Kaliningrad) (European Russia)
Red pog.svg
Location in the western part of Russia
Bolshiye Bereschki (Kaliningrad) (Kaliningrad Oblast)
Red pog.svg
Location in Kaliningrad Oblast

Bolschije Bereschki ( Russian Большие Бережки , German  Alt Lappienen , 1938 to 1945 Rauterskirch , Lithuanian Lapynai ) is a place in the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad . It belongs to the local government unit Stadtkreis Slawsk in slavsky district .

Geographical location

Bolschije Bereschki is located on the east bank of the Gilge (Russian: Matrossowka), on the west bank of which the place Malyje Bereschki (Neu Lappienen , 1938 to 1946 Rautersdorf) is settled. A cul-de-sac leads to Bolschije Bereschki, which branches off the side road from Timirjasewo (Neukirch) to Sapowednoje (Groß Kryszahnen , 294 to 1946 Seckenburg) . In town ends a land road coming from Aisty (Neuhof-Reatischken , 1938 to 1946 Budeweg) .

There is no train connection. Before 1945 the place was a small train station on the Brittanien – Seckenburg railway line of the Niederungsbahn (from 1939 "Elchniederungsbahn").

history

The emergence of the village later called Alt Lappienen goes back to the Prussian times. If the population living here was still largely made up of hunters and fishermen from 1250 to 1450, after a period of border fighting with the Lithuanian neighbors a good coexistence on the basis of trade and change followed. From 1613 to 1616 the Gilge (Matrossowka) was straightened , which facilitated traffic between Königsberg (Prussia) (now Russian: Kaliningrad) and Tilsit (Sowetsk).

In 1671, the general builder of the Great Elector , Colonel Philipp de la Chièze , acquired the land still to be reclaimed here in exchange for his Gut Caputh near Potsdam , from which the Rautenburg estates later emerged. His wife Katharina de la Chièze (née Rauter) had the Gile lowland drained, the river deepened and dyed from 1670 to 1674. Her work was also the construction of the octagonal church between 1675 and 1703. In her second marriage to Wolfgang Christoph Truchsess von Waldburg , she had the palace under construction in Rautenburg (Russian: Malinowka, no longer existing) completed.

From 1709 to 1711 the plague , which struck the entire area here, proved to be devastating. Large parts of the population were killed. King Friedrich Wilhelm I let tens of thousands of colonists from Switzerland , Holland , Nassau, Württemberg , Palatinate and Salzburg come to the country, as did craftsmen and farmers from Magdeburg and Halberstadt . The bitter war years followed from 1757 to 1762, during which Russian troops burned the parish village of Lappienen. 40 years later, in the war against Napoleon, a new period of suffering broke out in the population.

The further expansion of the Gilge for shipping and the connection of the area to the Niederungsbahn ensured an economic upswing. In 1874, Alt Lappienen was incorporated into the newly established district of Lappienen, the district of which was Neu Lappienen on the opposite bank. This administrative district existed - after being renamed "Amtsgebiet Rautersdorf" in 1939 - until 1945 and belonged to the Niederung district (from 1939 "Elchneiderung district") in the Gumbinnen administrative district of the Prussian province of East Prussia . In 1910, Alt Lappienen had 161 inhabitants.

On March 9, 1925, the rural communities Alt Lappienen and Groß Lappienen merged to form the new rural community Alt Lappienen. From now on it belonged to the administrative district of Norwischeiten (the no longer existing place was called from 1938 to 1946: Swan Lake), which was renamed in 1939 to "District of Rauterskirch" and thus raised this place to the rank of an official village until 1945.

The population in 1925 was 551, in 1933 it was 547 and rose to 599 in 1939. On June 3 - officially confirmed on July 16 - of the year 1938, old and new Lappienen were in memory of Katharina Rauter in Renamed "Rauterskirch" or "Rautersdorf". The last owner of the castle was Adalbert Graf von Keyserlingk. On May 7, 1945 the property was burned down by Soviet troops.

As a result of the war, Alt Lappienen and Rauterskirch came to the Soviet Union in 1945 with all of northern East Prussia . The place was given the Russian name "Bolschije Bereschki" in 1947 and was at the same time classified in the village Soviet Sapovednenski selski Sowet in Slavsk Raion . From 2008 to 2015 Bolshiye Bereschki belonged to the rural municipality of Timirjasewskoje selskoje posselenije and since then to the urban district of Slavsk.

District Rauterskirch (1939–1945)

On April 18, 1939, the district of Rauterskirch was renamed the district of Norwischeiten (the place was called from 1938 to 1946: Swan Lake). He belonged with its seven churches until 1945 for county Elchniederung in Administrative district Gumbinnen the Prussian province of East Prussia :

Surname Name until 1938 Russian name
Old Iwenberg until 1926: Kallwellen
Budeweg Neuhof-Reatischken Aisty
Iwenheide Sharkus-Tawell Plodovoye
Nassenfelde Andreischken Krutoye
Rauterskirch Old Lappienen Bolshiye Bereschki
Swan Lake Norwish sides
Tranatenberg until 1929: On the Ulpesch Kamyshino

church

See the main articleLappienen Church

Church building

The Lappienen Church, which today only survives as a ruin , is an octagonal brick building on a field stone foundation, expanded by additions - built from 1675 to 1703 according to the plans of Philipp de la Chièze by his widow Katharina de la Chièze, born Rauter.

Parish

In 1664 the Protestant parish of Lappienen was founded and from 1667 it was given its own parish office. Formerly part of the Tilsit Inspection , until 1945 the parish belonged to the Niederung parish in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .

Today Bolschije Bereschki is in the catchment area of ​​the Evangelical Lutheran parish in Slavsk (Heinrichswalde) . It is the parish seat of the church region of the same name in the provost of Kaliningrad (Königsberg) of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia .

school

In 1938 Rauterskirch was equipped with a new school building. It had five classrooms, a teaching kitchen and an auditorium. It was 150 meters to the Gilge dyke, with the sports field in between.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

  • Adolf Neumann-Hofer (born February 18, 1867 in Lappienen), German newspaper publisher and politician († 1925)
  • Otto Neumann-Hofer (born February 4, 1857 in Lappienen), German writer and theater director († 1941)

Connected to the place

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
  2. ^ D. Lange, Geographical Location Register East Prussia (2005): Rauterskirch
  3. Rauterskirch parish at the Elchniederung district community
  4. ^ Rolf Jehke, Lappienen / Rautersdorf district
  5. Uli Schubert, community directory, Niederung district
  6. a b Rolf Jehke, District Nowischeiten / Rauterskirch
  7. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Elchniederung district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  8. Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 ноября 1947 г. «О переименовании населённых пунктов Калининградской области» (Ordinance of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR "On the Renaming of Places of the Kaliningrad Oblast" of November 17, 1947)
  9. Кирха Альт Ляппинена - The Church of Old Lappienen at prussia39.ru (with historical and current photo)
  10. Walther Hubatsch , History of the Protestant Church of East Prussia , Volume 2: Pictures of East Prussian Churches , Göttingen, 1968, pages 93–94, figs. 384–386
  11. Walther Hubatsch, History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia , Volume 3: Documents , Göttingen, 1968, page 483
  12. ^ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty of Kaliningrad ( Memento of August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  13. ^ Bolschije Bereschki - Alt Lappienen / Rauterskirch