Philip de Chiese

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Caputh Castle

Philip de Chiese , also Philipp de Chièze, Philippo di Chieze, Filippo di Chieze, Filippo di Chiefa or Philippe de La Chièze , Philipp de la Chaise , Philipp von Chaise (*  December 25, 1629 in Amersfoort / Holland; † April 1673 in Osterwieck ), was a chamberlain , master builder and quartermaster general in the service of Friedrich Wilhelm of Brandenburg .

life and work

Philip de Chiese was born in Holland in 1629, where he grew up. He came from a respected Huguenot family from Piedmont. His father was Thomas de Chieze (* 1573 or 1583, probably in Orange / France; † 1632), from 1605 to 1629 officer in the guard of the governor Moritz von Oranien in Amersfoort, most recently as captain. From 1654 to 1660 Philip de Chiese worked as a merchant and did financial transactions in the Hague and Amsterdam, among others. In 1660 he came to the Brandenburg court due to social relationships (Prince of Orange) . Under Friedrich Wilhelm he was first chamberlain and from 1664 quartermaster general with the rank of colonel on foot. On behalf of the Elector, he worked as a builder and architect , among other things at the Potsdam City Palace, but especially on canals and fortifications. In 1662 he left the estate and the desolate building of the later Caputh Castle to him . He had the building , which fell into disrepair during and after the Thirty Years' War , rebuilt in the early Baroque style. In 1671 the Caputh Castle and the estate with all the lands and vineyards were returned to the Elector. In return, Chiese received a 150 Hufen (approx. 2600 hectare ) property in the Memel Delta in East Prussia, from which the County of Rautenburg later emerged.

County of Rautenburg and the location of Rautenburg Castle on the right side of the Gilge in the Niederung district (district boundaries until 1920 in red, today's Lithuanian-Russian border in yellow. This demarcation also corresponds to the northern district boundary after the Memelland was separated in 1920.)

On January 30, 1665, Chiese had married for the first time in the cathedral in Cölln . After becoming a widower, he married 19-year-old Luise Katharina von Rautter in Königsberg on May 20, 1669 . He named the palace in East Prussia that he had built Rautenburg in honor of his wife . Chiese had promised the elector that an area around Lappienen (later Alt Lappienen, 1938 to 1946 Rauterskirch ) would be drained and drained and thus turned into agricultural use. After the sudden death of Philip de Chiese in 1673, his widow married the imperial count Wolfgang Christoph Truchsess von Waldburg in 1679 . In Lappienen she had a church built according to his design . Chiese was buried in Cölln Cathedral.

Buildings

Philip de Chiese was entrusted with numerous construction projects. However, it is not always clear from the literature whether he worked as a master builder / architect or as a construction officer or person in charge of construction on behalf of Friedrich Wilhelm. The larger projects include the Berlin and Potsdam City Palace, which he was in charge of as a master builder from 1660 to 1673, where he played a key role in designing the main facade with the green staircase. He was also involved in an older wing of the Berlin mint building and in fortifications in Küstrin , Stargard and Kolberg . In Berlin he began building a house on Kurstrasse (later the Princely House ), which the heirs sold half-finished to Eberhard von Dankelmann .

His work on the Friedrich Wilhelms Canal near Müllrose , part of what would later become the Oder-Spree Canal , is guaranteed. He was also involved in the construction of the lock and the packing yard in Berlin. In his later home, East Prussia, he had a canal built between the Gilge , today Matrossowka , an estuary of the Memel and the Deime (today Dejma) to make the area navigable and drainage. After de Chiese's death, his widow continued with the completion of the 6 km long Kleiner Friedrichsgraben (today Nemoninski Canal). At the same time, dikes and dams were built. It was only in this area that this enabled a secure agricultural production.

Inventor of a well-known carriage

Philip de Chiese is also considered to be the inventor of a horse-drawn carriage that was very well known in the Baroque era, the so-called Berline or Berliner Kalesche. In 1683 the elector gave a gilded copy to the French sun king Louis XIV . In terms of folk etymology , the term “Scheese” for a carriage or an old car is related to the alleged inventor of this carriage; for the actual origin, see chaise .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Historical directory of the places in the Elchniederung district. In: Kreis-elchniederung.de. Retrieved October 7, 2018 .
  2. ^ Karl Eduard Vehse , History of the German Courts since the Reformation , 1851, p. 138 f.
  3. ^ Uhlemann: Berlin and the Märkische Wasserstraßen. old edition Berlin 1987, p. 74 point 5.2. ff.
  4. ^ Vehse: History of the German courts since the Reformation. 1851, p. 139.
  5. ↑ Ewaldt Harndt: French in Berlin jargon. 1971, p. 51.
personal data
SURNAME Chiese, Philip de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Chièze, Philipp de; Chieze, Philippo di; Chieze, Filippo di; Chiefa, Filippo di; Chièze, Philippe de La, Chaise, Philipp de la; Chaise, Philipp von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Chamberlain, Builder and Quartermaster General
DATE OF BIRTH December 25, 1629
PLACE OF BIRTH Amersfoort
DATE OF DEATH April 1673
Place of death Osterwieck