Alter Packhof (Berlin)
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The Alte Packhof in Berlin served as a warehouse and customs and tax control point. As early as 1671, according to a plan by Quartermaster General Philippe de Chieze, the first buildings (crane, warehouses, scales and guard house) were laid out. In 1688 an excise and customs house was built on Niederlagstrasse. In 1749 his function was supplemented by the “New Packhof”. The Alte Packhof was demolished from 1826 to 1831. The Royal Building Academy of Karl Friedrich Schinkel was built in its place .
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Location description
The Alte Packhof in Berlin stretched along the Spreegraben , in what was then Berlin's Friedrichswerder district , where Schinkelplatz is today (with the Schinkelsche Bauakademie, which has not yet been rebuilt), in the immediate vicinity of today's Foreign Office on Werderschen Markt .
Function of the old packing yard
The old Packhof was of central importance for the entire Berlin economy in its time, because all goods intended for import to Berlin or export from Berlin had to be unloaded there and temporarily stored for a "visit" by officials. They were only allowed to be finally imported into Berlin or exported from Berlin after an official inspection.
Structural equipment
The Packhof consisted of the front building built in 1688 and a large courtyard that was open to the Spree . The Packhof could be entered from the street “Am Packhof” (today: Werderstraße) through a wide gateway. There was also another large and two smaller entrances in Niederlagsstrasse, which branches off to the north. There was a landing stage for ships on the waterfront, and a crane at the top of the quay with which the goods could be lifted out of the ships. There were also large warehouses (or "defeats", as they were called in Baroque German ) for goods arriving by sea or land, as well as a scale with which the goods could be weighed and a guard house to guard the entire property Investment.
Location of several offices
The following offices were located in the front building (around 1806): a) the Ober-Packhofs inspection with four employees; b) the accounting department with seven employees; c) the excise cash register, packing yard and gate calculation with four employees, four appraisers, five goods administrators and two assistants; d) the excise weighing office with two employees; e) the visitation inspector with several visitors. There were also official apartments for some employees in the front building.
How the Packhof works
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From the 18th to the middle of the 19th century, Berlin was surrounded by an extensive and gapless palisade and stone wall (" excise wall "), which ensured that the city could only be entered through the city gates provided for this purpose. After a wagon load arrived at one of the city gates of Berlin, a military guard escorted it to the old packing yard. For goods that arrived by water, the same procedure was followed on the water.
As soon as the skippers or carters arrived at the packing yard with their military escort, they handed over their waybills to the accountants present here, who entered them in the register and marked the waybills as registered. After this had happened, the skippers and carters received the bills of lading back. They could now take them to their customers in the city and deliver the waybills there. The recipient of the consignment note had to present this document to the accountant in the Packhof and indicate whether the goods should remain in Berlin, whether they should be put into stock for the time being or whether they should be exported again shortly as transit goods. In the latter case, they were taken to the new packing yard from 1749, where they were temporarily stored until they were exported.
For the goods that remained in Berlin, the accountant issued a certificate to the recipient, with which he had to go to the Excise office. There the value of the goods was estimated and the boxes and boxes checked and checked in the so-called visitation room. After the agreed excise had been paid, an excise slip was issued as evidence and the goods could be removed by the recipient.
The goods intended for export were also checked. It was checked whether the goods were also allowed to be exported and whether any export fees had to be paid.
Completion by the New Packhof
In 1749, in addition to the Packhof in Friedrichswerder, which had long been felt to be too narrow, another Packhof was set up in the former Berlin Orangery House , which was then north of the Lustgarten (on today's Museum Island ). From that point on, the Packhof in Friedrichswerder was referred to as the "old Packhof" and the former orangery house as the "new Packhof". In the New Packhof , which also had a crane, mainly goods intended for export were temporarily stored. The area was rearranged by Karl Friedrich Schinkel at the end of the 1820s and the "Neue Packhof" was completely rebuilt according to his plans between 1829 and 1832 using modern, larger facilities.
The Alte Packhof was demolished around 1830 and its site was used for the building academy.
literature
- Johann Christian Gädicke: Lexicon of Berlin and the surrounding area. Berlin 1806.
- Friedrich Nicolai : Description of the royal royal cities of Berlin and Potsdam, all the peculiarities located there, and the surrounding area. (4 volumes). Berlin 1786.
- Helmut Zschocke: The Berlin excise wall: the penultimate wall in the city. Berlin Story Verlag, Berlin 1st edition 2007.
Individual evidence
- ^ Matthias Hahn: Academy of Fine Arts and Mechanical Sciences, In: Virtual Berlin around 1800, "Berliner Klassik. Eine Großstadtkultur um 1800 ”, Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences 2006 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Gädicke, p. 435 f.
- ↑ Zschocke, p. 25.
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 58 ″ N , 13 ° 23 ′ 56 ″ E