Schinkelplatz
| Schinkelplatz | |
|---|---|
 |
|
 View of Schinkelplatz, 2010 |
|
| Basic data | |
| place | Berlin |
| District | center |
| Created | 1837 |
| Newly designed | 2007-2008 |
| Confluent streets |
Unter den Linden (north), Werderscher Markt (south), An der Kommandantur, Prinzengasse (west) |
| Buildings | former building academy |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrians , cyclists |
| Space design | Wells, monuments |
| Technical specifications | |
| Square area | 1700 m² |
The Schinkelplatz is a triangular space in the Berlin district of Mitte . It was laid out in 1837 according to plans by Peter Joseph Lenné and named after the Prussian master builder Karl Friedrich Schinkel in 1869 . After the destruction in the Second World War and the overbuilding in the GDR era, the reconstruction of Schinkelplatz took place in 2007–2008 . It is bordered by residential and commercial buildings in the west, the Spree Canal in the east and the former building academy in the south.
description
The area of Schinkelplatz has the shape of a narrow triangle . Located in the Mitte district near Schloßplatz , the area belongs to Friedrichswerder , which was built before 1662 and incorporated in 1709 . The area was planned as a square by the Prussian landscape architect and town planner Peter Joseph Lenné until 1837 and then designed. The later expanded facility and its surroundings were largely destroyed in the Second World War . With the demolition of the GDR foreign ministry , a temporary overbuilding of the square, the area was rebuilt as an open space in 1996. New plans began to restore the original shape as much as possible. The parts also destroyed and the square dominant building academy but has been (as of early 2020) not rebuilt, although the Bundestag their reconstruction had decided 2016th The financing and future use are unclear.
history
Emergence
The area of today's Schinkelplatz was once the main customs office for shipping to and from Berlin. The buildings of the Old Packhof , where customs traffic for incoming and outgoing goods was processed, stood there since around 1670 . These structures were demolished around 1830 and the bank straightened. Before that, a bay offered the cargo ships suitable berths. The Berlin city administration had a new building erected on the site for the building academy, which had previously been more or less provisionally housed in three different locations one after the other. According to Schinkel's plans, the Neue Packhof , which had already existed on today's Museum Island since 1750 as a supplement to the old Packhof , which existed in the former orangery , was enlarged and reorganized with modern, spacious facilities. The modernized and enlarged new Packhof completely replaced the old Packhof on Friedrichswerder in 1832.
In a drawing from 1831 - published as a copper engraving in the Architectural Design Collection in 1833 - Schinkel's intention to create a space surrounded by trees in front of the north facade of the Bauakademie can be seen. For this square, Peter Joseph Lenné planned a jewelry square, which was named Platz an der Bauakademie . In the 1860s, monuments to Albrecht Daniel Thaer (1860), Peter Christian Wilhelm Beuth (1861) and Schinkel (1869) were erected here. With the erection of the third monument, the city administration changed the name of the square to Schinkelplatz . The honor of the three men in this form was a novelty in the history of Berlin, an expression of the increased self-confidence of the urban bourgeoisie and the reputation of its service providers. The sculptor Christian Daniel Rauch spoke of the “first heroes in public places without swords”.
Design drawing for the Bauakademie, 1831
Schinkelplatz 1888
Statue of Karl Friedrich Schinkel
Base reliefs on the Beuth monument
Plaque
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The monument to Albrecht Thaer was Rauch's last work; it was not yet finished when he died and was completed by his student Hugo Hagen. Thaer is considered to be the founder of modern agriculture in Prussia. His statue shows him lecturing, his left hand grasping the handle of a plow. Four reliefs in the upper part of the plinth depict his work in allegorical scenes, four more below reflect concrete biographical situations.
The monument to Peter Christian Wilhelm Beuth is a joint effort by two other Rauch students. Beuth was a senior civil servant and successfully promoted the transition from manufacturing to industrial production in Prussia. August Kiss created the statue, the base reliefs come from Friedrich Drake : above allegories about the interaction between trade and industry, art and science, below scenes of the technical and civilizational advances of that time.
Drake also designed the monument for Karl Friedrich Schinkel, who, as an architect, had a decisive influence on the appearance of Berlin's city center. Schinkel is shown with a pencil and the floor plan of the Altes Museum on a drawing board. The base of the statue was adorned at the truncated corners with four caryatids , here as symbols for history and for Schinkel's areas of activity architecture, painting and sculpture. In addition to the Altes Museum, there are or were other important buildings by the architect in the vicinity of the monument: the Schlossbrücke, the Neue Wache , the Friedrichswerder Church and the Building Academy.
In the years 1886/1887 the square received its long-term permanent design according to drafts of the ministerial building commission. The costs were borne by the Schinkel Monument Committee. The area in front of the monuments was given a colored ornamented mosaic pavement and a fountain . Behind the monuments, an 18-meter-long, semicircular bench made of polished granite was set up - a formal correspondence to the curve of the fountain and its horticultural border on the opposite side of the square.
destruction
During the Second World War, the Bauakademie largely burned down, and Schinkelplatz and the surrounding buildings also suffered severe damage. Schinkel's statue had fallen from its pedestal, the monuments by Beuth and Thaer had been bullet-proof and damaged by splinters. The four caryatids from the base of the Schinkeldenkmal and five reliefs from the Thaers memorial were lost through theft in 1949.
Restoration
Despite initial repairs after the war, the relevant authorities in the GDR ultimately decided against the possible restoration of the Bauakademie. Instead, between 1964 and 1967, a new building for the GDR Foreign Ministry was built on the area of the Academy, including Schinkelplatz . The three monuments were given new locations within the Humboldt University and at other locations in the city.
After the end of the German division , the Foreign Ministry building was demolished in 1995/1996. The urban planning goal was the reconstruction of the historical city plan. The building academy should be rebuilt, the Schinkelplatz was newly laid out, initially only as a lawn. In 1996 the Schinkel statue was returned to its former place, in 1999 that of Beuth and in 2000 the figure of Thaer, the original of which remained in the agricultural faculty of the Humboldt University. In the years 2007 and 2008 the extensive reconstruction of the square was carried out as part of the development measure capital Berlin - parliament and government district .
The condition of 1886/87 was restored with the help of the Berlin sculptor Hans Starcke using photos and documents that have been handed down. The anchor point for the reconstruction of the garden monument preservation was the discovery of the original foundation of the Exedra bench in the south of the square. The fountain bowl with a diameter of six meters was given a rim made of reddish Swedish granite , the fountain in its center is surrounded by a wreath of bronze acanthus leaves , corresponding to the historical fountains on Hausvogteiplatz and Pariser Platz . The height and intensity of the fountain can be controlled by the readings from an anemometer installed in a nearby lantern. The extensive work also included replicas or casts of the lost or damaged base reliefs on the monuments to Thaer and Beuth. Initially, the caryatids on the base of the Schinkel monument were missing due to unsecured funding; Starcke made replicas of these figures and had them attached to the memorial in July 2011. The total cost of the restoration was around 1.6 million euros . The renewed square was inaugurated on October 17th, 2008.
Surroundings
At the inauguration of the square, the Senate leaders who believed elaborate garden historic preservation restoration of Schinkelplatz in the historical center of Berlin would "have a positive impact on the design of the surrounding area." This goal was not achieved even after more than six years (status: end of 2014). Only the headquarters building north of the square has the final shape; its reconstruction was completed in 2003. The reconstruction of the building academy has been decided for years, but the financing has not been secured. A tender was unsuccessful and was canceled.
The historic town plan is also to be resumed in the western edge development on Niederlagstrasse, between Schinkelplatz and Friedrichswerderscher Church. The area was sold individually in seven plots. The Berlin Building Senate developed strict design statutes to prevent the various new buildings from appearing too restless. According to this, the following are stipulated: a uniform building height - lower than the Friedrichswerder Church - a symmetrical facade design with emphasis on the center, a plaster application in the color range between yellow and gray and the limitation of window and door areas to a maximum of 40 percent of the total facade area.
The continuation of this construction project was interrupted between 2009 and 2012. It is true that the Federal Office had examined the ownership structure in order to regulate outstanding property issues and declared the sale of the land to be harmless. In the meantime, however, the Jewish Claims Conference had asserted restitution claims on behalf of previous property owners .
Another competition for further design took place in 2012. As a result, the new construction began in 2013 on the edges of the square, including the Falkoniergasse west of the church was then rebuilt according to the historical location. A residential complex is being built here as the Crown Prince Gardens . However, even before they were completed, building experts criticized all the building designs that have become known around Schinkelplatz: “The designs have simple, monolithic facades,” says Wolfgang Schoele, chairman of the Bauakademie development association, and they “stand in stark contrast to the Friedrichswerder Church and the Building academy that is to be rebuilt with a finely structured facade ”. The chairman of the Gesellschaft Historisches Berlin expresses himself even more sharply that the designs are “an intellectual cheek”. The emphasis on the ground floor areas with shops is too cautious; structural elements such as cornices are missing in the design of the plastered facade.
Another competition took place in 2014, won by the offices of Rafael Moneo (southern section), Axel Schultes (central section) and Hemprich Tophof (northern section). The buildings were erected in 2015–2018 according to their plans.
literature
- Helmut Engel , Ernst Freiberger, Rupert Scholz: Heroes without a sword. The Schinkelplatz in Berlin . Wasmuth Verlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8030-4021-3 .
- Werkbund Berlin (ed.): Building and living on Schinkelplatz . JOVIS Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-86859-109-5 .
Web links
-
Schinkelplatz. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert )
- Schinkelplatz (historical) . In: Luise.
- Place at the building academy . In: Luise.
- Website of the Senate Department for Urban Development on Schinkelplatz
- Zoning plan Friedrichswerder Nord. May 16, 2006, press release from the Senate Department for Urban Development.
- Schinkelplatz and Werderscher Markt on youtube.com.
- Think about it - Schinkelplatz on youtube.com
Individual evidence
- ↑ Helmut Engel, Ernst Freiberger, Rupert Scholz: Heroes without a sword. The Schinkelplatz in Berlin. Wasmuth Verlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8030-4021-3 .
- ↑ a b Inauguration of Schinkelplatz , press release of the Berlin Senate Administration, October 10, 2008. Accessed on January 17, 2016.
- ↑ Fountain on Schinkelplatz at www.stadtentwicklung.derlin.de; Retrieved July 11, 2015.
- ↑ Dispute over Schinkelplatz. In: Berliner Morgenpost , June 10, 2008.
- ↑ Business on unsafe ground - construction on Schinkelplatz is delayed by years. In: Der Tagesspiegel , November 21, 2006.
- ↑ The results of the competition for the development of architectural concepts at Schinkelplatz are available ( memento from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), June 18, 2012, press release from the Senate Department for Urban Development.
- ↑ Kronprinzengärten at www.deutsches-architektur-forum.de with large-format photos of the building; Retrieved February 3, 2015.
- ↑ Uwe Aulich: Senate is alarmed about Schinkelplatz. In: Berliner Zeitung , June 22, 2012; Retrieved February 3, 2015.
- ↑ Star architects build luxury apartments with a view of the castle. In: Der Tagesspiegel , June 25, 2014
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 '59.9 " N , 13 ° 23' 53.6" E