Albrecht Daniel Thaer

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Albrecht Daniel Thaer, Portrait of Johann Jacob de Lose (1806)

Albrecht Daniel Thaer [tɛːɐ̯] (* May 14, 1752 in Celle ; † October 26, 1828 at Gut Möglin near Wriezen ) was a poly scientist and is considered the founder of agricultural sciences .

Origin and education

Birthplace of Albrecht Daniel Thaer in Celle
Albrecht Daniel Thaer's house in Celle from 1781 to 1804
The Thaersche Villa , built in 1793

Thaer was the son of a doctor of the same name. From 1765, at the age of 13, he attended the Latin school in Celle, which later became the Ernestinum . At the age of 18 he began studying medicine at the University of Göttingen and lived there from 1770 to 1774 at Rote Straße 29.

Doctor in Celle

In 1774 he returned to Celle as a doctor. Due to his success he became personal physician of Georg III. , the Elector of Hanover. He took over the office from Johann Daniel Taube , who recommended him as his successor.

Marriage and family

In 1786 he married Philippine von Willich (1760-1835), daughter of the Vice President at the Celle Higher Appeal Court, Georg Wilhelm von Willich . Of their eleven children, three sons died in Celle at or a few days after their birth. In March 1807 their youngest daughter Henriette Arthemisia died at the age of five, two months later her four-year-old son Ludwig Ernst. Her son August died in February 1814 at the age of 17.

The eldest daughter Wilhelmine (1787–1865) became “ Chanoinesse ” in the Wienhausen monastery . The one year younger daughter Caroline (1788–1845) married the Möglin professor Georg Ernst Wilhelm Crome (1781–1813 ) in 1809 and Franz Körte (1782–1845), also a professor in Möglin, in 1815 .

The sons Georg (1789–1857), Ernst (1790–1837) and Albrecht Philipp (1794–1863) genealogically founded the Pantener tribe in Silesia (by taking over the third Prussian regular sheep farm there), the Berlin tribe and the Mögliner tribe.

Working as an agronomist

In addition to his work as a doctor, Thaer dealt with floriculture and agriculture . In 1780 Thaer was appointed to the Celle Agricultural Society, whose official name was the Royal, Great Britain, Electoral-Brunswick-Lüneburg Agricultural Society. For example, he tested a double plow “ that George III sent to the economic society in Celle. "

In 1798 Albrecht Thaer reported in the first of three volumes on the impressive state of English agriculture: Introduction to the knowledge of English agriculture and its more recent practical and theoretical advances, with a view to perfecting German agriculture for thinking farmers and cameralists .

Thaers first contact with Prussia was that in the spring of 1798 he wrote the first volume of his "English Agriculture" to King Friedrich Wilhelm III. sent. The king thanked him immediately and, in view of the “ low level ” in his states, emphasized the “ importance of the building of acres in relation to individual and common welfare ” and in connection with “ the advantages of English agriculture ”.

With the connection between doctor and farmer, Thaer also corresponded to what could be observed in England. His first biographer, Wilhelm Körte, emphasized that "there were a lot of doctors practicing farmers " and that " agriculture was greatly promoted by the most famous medical writers ".

In 1799, Thaer and his friend v. Mandelsloh " a trip to the Mark ", where he "met many of his most important patrons and friends ", in particular Frau v. Friedland, b. v. Lestwitz, as well as her daughter and her husband, District Administrator v. Itzenplitz, who was most involved in Thaers' subsequent relocation to Prussia and in the vicinity of his estates. “After two years he repeated this trip“ at the invitation of Frau v. Friedland "; this time accompanied by his wife and daughters Wilhelmine and Caroline.

From 1799 to 1804 he published the annals of the Lower Saxony agriculture together with JC Beneke .

In 1802 he founded the first German agricultural training institute in Celle in the Dammaschwiesen (today “Thaers Garten”). There he achieved large increases in yield, among other things with the crop rotation .

Move to Prussia

Albrecht Daniel Thaer, portrait of Johann Jacob de Lose (1803) on a German postage stamp from 2002 on the occasion of Thaer's 250th birthday

In 1804 Thaer switched to Prussian services.

In mid-February 1804, Minister Karl August von Hardenberg wrote to Thaer that he would like to “ acquire it to the Prussian state ” and whether he would be willing to “ give up his Celle business and devote himself entirely to agricultural science. “In addition, Hardenberg promised him“ a large country economy ”in order to set up “ model farms and a teaching institution ”.

Thaer immediately traveled to Berlin to start negotiations with the Prussian authorities. For his willingness to continue his " teaching institute and his agricultural journal " in Prussia, Thaer received the following concessions from the king in mid-March 1804: Full membership in the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences ; " Drey bis Vier Hundert Morgen " ( Drey bis Vier Hundert Morgen ) from the Wollup office with permission to sell them and to buy a more suitable " other freyes Guth "; " Protection and favoring of the agricultural teaching institute "; " Censorship Freyheit " for his " agricultural journal "; " Advantages for letter postage "; “ Practice of Medical Practice ”; finally the award of the title " Secret Council ". The partial transfer of the Wollup office was based on exactly 400 acres, an area of ​​around 100 hectares. In June 1804 Thaer acquired the Möglin manor near Wriezen. He didn't sell Wollup until 1806.

At the beginning of the move, he faced " some difficulties ". He had "had to sell his possessions near Celle at a ridiculous price and for unrealizable landscape obligations " and " suffered the almost total loss of the local semi-processed sheep farm from smallpox immediately after buying Moegelin " and before " arriving here. “ Thaer in Möglin had to do without “ most of the writings, notebooks, excerpts, letters and the selected books ”from Celle, since they“ were either exchanged, stolen or otherwise lost ” during transport . Due to the " loss of the manuscripts " he had to " look up what had already been collected anew, and rewrite what had already been written down in an orderly manner ".

In return for the above-mentioned transfer of land, Thaer mainly had to move his agricultural teaching institute from Celle to Prussia. In June 1806 he wrote to King Friedrich Wilhelm III. , " That nothing stands in the way of opening this institute on the next Michaelmas ", and reminded him of the promise made two years earlier to receive " protection and favor of the agricultural teaching institute ". Immediately the request of the king to the competent authorities was issued to take this institute, from which " a great benefit can be expected for agriculture as well as for the public service in this field ", under " special protection ".

In mid-October 1806 Prussia suffered the decisive defeat against France near Jena and Auerstedt . The first course began in November at the Möglin Institute with just a few participants: “ Because of the war unrest, there were only three instead of twenty-one, and gradually five to six. "

"Annals of Agriculture" and "Principles of Rational Agriculture"

In accordance with the obligation to continue his journal, Thaer published a monthly issue of the annals of agriculture from the beginning of 1805 , of which six issues formed a volume. The last of the twelve volumes appeared in 1810. As early as June 1804, Thaer announced the expanded subject matter of his annals: "The journal is supposed to understand everything that is closely related to agriculture, cattle breeding and commercial operations."

In the autumn of 1809 the first volume of his principles of rational agriculture , which had already been prepared in Celle, appeared . As a “systematic, non-fragmentary work in a subject that had not yet been scientifically treated”, it became one of the main works of agricultural science. The second and third volumes appeared in 1810, and the fourth volume in 1812.

Thaer published the continuation of the Annals of Agriculture in 1811 and 1812 under the changed title Annals of the Progress of Agriculture in Theory and Practice in twelve pieces.

State Council in the Ministry of the Interior

After Gottlob Johann Christian Kunth and Johann Gottfried Hoffmann were appointed State Councilors for factories and state economics in the Trade Police Section of the Prussian Ministry of the Interior, Minister of the Interior Friedrich Ferdinand Alexander zu Dohna-Schlobitten turned to Section Head Theodor von Schön at the end of December 1808 about “ the occupation the 3rd State Council Office at the Section of the Commercial Policey (...) called the Secret Council Thaer “. Dohna left it to Schön to ask Thaer whether he would “like to accept this position annually for a salary of 800 rt. “However, Dohna stipulated that Thaer“ only be present in Berlin from time to time, then attend the meetings and submit written reports at any time. “Schön, who resigned as head of the section in April 1809, explained to Thaer the very next day that it“ would be wrong ” to withdraw him“ as an agricultural writer and practical farmer from the German fatherland ”, referring to the case that Thaer " exclusively Officiant be " would. Thaer should, according to Schön, undertake “ to submit written reports at all times ” and “ only to attend the meetings of the Department of Trade Policey from time to time. But Schön left it to Thaer to determine for himself “ in which months and how often it should be the case ” and finally suggested a slightly higher salary of “ 800 to 1000 thousand ”. in front.

Thaer replied at the beginning of January 1809 that “ Easter, Michaelmas and Christmas would be the most suitable for a longer and regular stay ” in Berlin, but that he would “of course be at your service for a few days at any time. “As a salary, 1000 thalers seemed appropriate to him . Finally, he wanted “ a skilful concipatory secretary ”, because “ because of an outdated, deferred gout on his right arm, guiding the pen is extremely angry. "

In a letter dated April 1809, the design of which was from Hoffmann, Thaer received two major commissions from Theodor von Schön. He asked him to “subject the foundations of a new nasty division ” attached to the letter to his “ examination ” and “ then to work out the draft for a completely new nasty division. “For those who“ will act as arbitrator ” in the case of divisions , Thaer should write a pamphlet“ in the language of the common man ”and“ kindly publish such a guide for the brands and Pomerania ”so that“ similar works should be published this pattern for Prussia on the one hand and Silesia on the other hand ”could be worked on.

Thaer presented the result of his examination of the " fundamentals " as early as May 1809 with a few points of criticism and detailed explanations. He welcomed the fact that " the arbitrators' discretion was brought forward ", but emphasized that " the judicial commissioners who are used to similar business should be excluded with good reason ". He criticized " that the arbitrators should " run the whole business "of the common divisions" themselves ". On the other hand, he suggested that mainly paid “ good economic commissaries ” should be employed, but that they should also “ spread the national culture through advice and instruction ”. According to Thaer, the arbitrators would then be “to a certain extent a second instance ”, from whom one would rather expect an “ impartial examination of the contradictions made against them ”.

On the occasion of a “ provisional declaration by the Justice Ministerii on the vulgarity order ”, Interior Minister Dohna-Schlobitten, who “ did not agree with the statements contained therein ”, turned to Thaer and asked him for an “ expert opinion on the statements made by the Justiz Ministerii ”, which he“ drafted as urgently, clearly and accurately as possible ”. Then Thaer was supposed to go to Berlin " please for a few days ", since the Minister of the Interior promised " some success from oral negotiations ".

Professor at the Berlin University

As head of the section for culture and public education, Wilhelm von Humboldt asked Thaer in June 1810 to take over the " professorship in agriculture " at the University of Berlin and to " hold proper lectures " through " at least the winter ". Thaer made the acceptance of this offer dependent on " the costs of city life in winter " being reimbursed , and at the same time gave the advice that he did not want to work " just for scholars ".

Thaer should be " useful to the local students with his valuable economic and cameralistic knowledge ", declared the lecturing councilor for public education Georg Heinrich Ludwig Nicolovius, who in July 1810 applied to the king without naming the subject and renouncing the ordinariate, " to employ the state councilor Thaer as professor extraordinary at the local university ”. The king gave his approval that same month.

In the first course catalog of September 1810, Thaer's two lectures were listed under “ Cameralistic Sciences ” for the winter semester : “ Prof. Thaer deals with the trade of agriculture, or the management of farms in general, with regard to agriculture and the state . Of agriculture and animal husbandry in their individual branches, the same. "

After only two semesters, Thaer wrote to the Ministry of the Interior that he was “ even more convinced that the lectures on agriculture at a university were of little use. “In February 1819, when he asked the king for his“ dismissal from the professorship ”and applied for“ the title of a royal privileged academy of agriculture ” for the Mögliner institute , Thaer again emphasized the little benefit, the“ lecture of agriculture from the university -Catheder, because of a lack of lively intuition and the sense not awakened for it in a big city ”. According to his son Albrecht Philipp, Thaer gave up the chair in Berlin itself “ because of the arduousness of the move, the preciousness of the city budget and an aversion to city life and moved it entirely to Moeglin. "

Merino breeding

In order to set up a “ most noble tribe of shepherds ” of the Prussian state, Thaer suggested to the Ministry of the Interior on July 29, 1815 that one could get an excellent trunk “ for cheap payment ” from the “ shepherds of Malmaison and Ferté Beauharnais or others ”. Despite his age, Thaer would have been ready to “get the golden fleece from France ”, as he wrote to the ministry. However, Lieutenant von Dewitz then organized and accompanied the long journey of the Spanish merinos from the Paris region to Prussia.

In March 1816 Thaer was given " the upper supervision " of the two state merino sheep farms to be established in Brandenburg and Silesia , which were to be directly subordinate to the Prussian Ministry of the Interior. For Brandenburg, Thaer immediately suggested the neighboring Gut Frankenfelde and, as administrator, the veterinarian Lezius, who, according to Thaer, “ as a stable u. Gestütmeister headed stud farms in Austria "and" connects theory and practice in the entire economic field ".

Apart from Frankenfelde, according to Thaer, “ no more suitable local could be found in Mittelmarck ” for the regular sheep farm , especially because it “has a high, quite healthy three-way pasture ” and “is in a paddock farm ”. It was also important for Thaer that the Frankenfelde estate was located “ in an area that is really classy for agriculture ”, where “ the fine sheep-breeding business was particularly important, more than anywhere in the monarchy ”.

Accompanied by his eldest son Georg, Thaer undertook a business trip to Silesia in September and October 1816 " to find an appropriate location for the regular sheep farm to be set up in this province " and recommended " the Panthen Vorwerk " near Liegnitz. His eldest son was administrator of the Silesian tribe sheep, for Thaer end of September 1823 " as the father of the local Administrators " the title of " official or domains Raths applied" and the king in early October of this year the title of " official council approved".

Thaer undertook another business trip in August and September 1819 to " East Prussia and Litthauen " because of a planned regular sheep farm . He suggested the " Vorwerke Fredrichsberg and Cotelischen " because they are " in the middle of Litthauen " and in the " neighborhood of Trakenen ".

Retirement

According to the ordinance of February 1817 " because of the official title to be attached to civil servants and the order of rank ", in November 1817, with a few exceptions, the titles of councilors and department directors were generally renamed. Thaer was given the future title of " Secret Upper Government Councilor " instead of the previous title " Council of State ".

Due to the difficult existence of his agricultural teaching institute for many years, Thaer asked the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III in February 1819, “ that the institute should receive the title of a royal privileged academy of agriculture ”, because it was “ nowhere less appreciated than in this province and only to a certain extent regarded as an angle school ". Only after extensive correspondence was the institute awarded the title of “ academic teaching institute for agriculture ” in July 1819 .

At the beginning of 1819 Thaer made the “ decision to give up the professorship at the local university and with it a significant income. “As a reason he named“ next to the institute ”in Möglin“ the many but useful businesses ”which“ the regular sheep farms attract him. “Thaer's professorship ended in autumn 1819. Half a century later, Minister of Agriculture Werner von Selchow formulated Thaer's resignation from the professorship with the words:“ The famous Councilor of State Thaer also left Berlin for Moeglin to explain his teachings in the stable and in the fields can. “Because of his oversight of the regular sheep farms, Thaer kept his position in the Interior Ministry even after he renounced the Berlin professorship. In the manual on the Royal Prussian Court and State , he was listed as a lecturing council (or member of the 2nd department) in this ministry until his death in 1828. Thaer's superior and director of this agricultural department was Friedrich Graf von Hardenberg (Friedrich August Burchardt, born 1770, died 1837) from 1814 to 1824 , not to be confused with the state chancellor Karl August von Hardenberg .

As part of the Karlovy Vary resolutions , the Prussian censorship ordinance was passed in October 1819 and the freedom from censorship granted to the Academy of Sciences and the universities was repealed. According to the Minister of the Interior and the police, “ Thaer too had to submit to the censorship with regard to the Mögelin Annals of Agriculture which he published ”.

In mid-September 1827, Thaer wrote to Interior Minister Friedrich von Schuckmann for the first time about his old age , which was due to a “ painful illness that had lasted for three months. “In order to ensure the continuation of the Mögliner teaching institute, he asked for permission to let his son Albrecht Philipp “ join this institute as a teacher ”so that he could “ support and replace ” his father“ in the field of actual agriculture ”in the future . At the same time he asked for Albrecht Philipp to have " the expectance of a reasonable salary " after Thaers " death. "With a" weak population of 10 to 12 students, of which several only stay for half a year "," the institution without that royal. Grant “does not exist. According to Thaer's letter to the Prussian king on New Year's Eve 1827, the son took over the “ teaching lecture this semester ” because of “ the protracted and painful gout disease ”. Thaer hoped " after the improvement that has now occurred " to be able to take over the teaching lecture " at least in part, after a few weeks ", whereby Albrecht Philip's help should be " necessary ".

Thaer was not raised to the nobility. The inscription “ Albrecht v. Thaer ”in the base of the bust of the Thaer (in the vestibule of the Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute, Invalidenstrasse 42) was probably due to a confusion with his grandson Georg Ernst von Thaer.

According to Josef Kulischer, “ the results of Thaer's work were already quite visible in the middle of the 19th century: the soil was plowed deeper on well-run farms ”. Perfected farm implements, set in motion by horses, “ appeared. “In the 1940s , the import of artificial fertilizers into Germany began. "

Grave site in Mögliner Gutspark

Albrecht Daniel Thaer died in 1828 on the Möglin manor . His grave as well as a Thaer bust and a memorial stone are located in the Mögliner Gutspark.

  • Moeglin Thaer grave.jpg
  • Thaer grave plaque.jpg
  • Moeglin Thaer Bueste.jpg
  • Thaer Memorial Stone.jpg
  • Thaer plaque.jpg
  • Thaer plaque2.jpg

No memorial in public places in Berlin

In a letter to Caroline von Humboldt dated June 23, 1828, four months before Thaer's death, Christian Daniel Rauch informed her that he “received the request this week ” “ for a public. Memorial (- also in bronze) on the work of the still living State Councilor Thaer, which is to be erected in Berlin, his statue and many reliefs. "

On behalf of the " friends and admirers " of Thaers, Friedrich von Schuckmann , Minister of the Interior for Trade and Industry, presented to King Friedrich Wilhelm III on May 3, 1830 . the application to erect a Thaer memorial in Berlin, namely in the part of the city that had " the greatest frequency of agriculture due to the wool market ", ie " in the Klosterstrasse on the wall of the commercial building or on the sidewalk ".

Peter Beuth suggested " to connect a fountain with it, " which he would have operated " during the wool market through the steam engine of the commercial building ".

The King immediately replied to Schuckmann that “ neither the proposed nor any other public square was suitable ” and pointed out that “ the statue should be given a place in Moegelin ”.

Disappointed about the lack of official support for a Thaer memorial in Berlin, Beuth wrote to Minister Ludwig Gustav von Thile on May 8, 1843 : “ I have grown old and dull and it is closer to my friend Schinkel, the last love service through the casting to show his statue if it is intended to be executed in ore. "

Ten years later, King Friedrich Wilhelm IV seemed to reject the principle of his predecessors and " to determine the space between the library and the opera house for monuments that should be dedicated to the merits earned in the peaceful conditions of life ". Ludolph von Beckedorff , President of the Landesökonomiekollegium , therefore asked the King on March 20, 1853 to “give permission to erect the Thaerian monument in Berlin ” and “ to want to assign him a place there. “After ten weeks, on May 30th, the king's civil cabinet replied that Thaer's“ statue could be set up in Berlin ”and suggested“ the courtyard of the warehouse ”in Klosterstrasse or Alexanderplatz, on which the memorial was marked with“ Well connected “should be. For the erection of the memorial in one place or another, however, the “ approval of the relevant authorities ” was required .

When at the end of November 1854 the erection of the Beuth monument on the square at the Bau-Akademie was approved, according to the Landesökonomiekollegium of February 1858 “ the principle, which had been disputed by many sides, was recognized that the suitable places in the capital were not just of the statues of the patriotic war heroes, but also of men who have become an ornament of the fatherland through their civil services. "

The Thaer monument in front of the Berlin Building Academy

On November 27, 1854, the king approved that the Beuth monument “should be erected on the square at the Bau-Akademie in Meiner Residenz Berlin. “This motivated Beckedorff, albeit a good 14 months later, on February 7, 1856, to the following inquiry to the king:“ Perhaps it should not be inappropriate if Thaer's statue were to find its place next to it. “In the civil cabinet of the king, Beckedorff's proposal was not accepted, but a reminder of the two places designated in the“ letter of May 30, 1853 ”, that is the courtyard of the warehouse in Klosterstrasse or Alexanderplatz, and Beckedorff was asked " For what reasons it might be stale ". He replied on March 26, 1856, “ after careful consultation with Professor Rauch ”, that they “could not see any of the places available for selection ” and spoke again “in favor of the installation next to the Beuth monument ”.

On February 27, 1857, the “ members of the committee for the erection of a memorial for Albrecht Thaer ” asked the king for approval that “ the Thaer memorial, as a side piece of the one intended for Beuth, could be erected on the square in front of the building academy. "On April 4, 1857, the king replied with regard to the Thaer monument," that this monument would also be erected on the same place next to the one intended for Beuth ". On April 12, 1857, a week after the royal decree, Christian Daniel Rauch wrote to his friend Friedrich Gottlieb Welcker that he was busy with the model of a “ lecturing professor ”, the “ Doctor Albr. Thaer in costume at the Akergeräth or also to the sheep stables should be able to ”and“ the monumental counterpart to this ”, namely the Geheime Rath Beuth“ also for bronze casting ”would be executed. Rauch saw “ progress ” in the erection of the two monuments, which “turned next to each other on the site of the local building school towards the castle bridge, ” a special meaning “ as the first heroes in public places without swords! “Obtained.

On January 31, 1858, the Central Committee for the erection of the Beuth monument turned to the Minister for Trade, Industry and Public Works August von der Heydt to present “ considerations and concerns ” about this juxtaposition of the Beuth and Thaer monument. Based on " the idea , which has already been suggested several times, " also to erect Karl Friedrich Schinkel " a public monument ", the Beuth Committee seemed to see " no other monument to the same extent as this one as a side piece to the Beuth monument " to be suitable. It was justified by the fact that Beuth and Schinkel “brought the Bau-Akademie building into being ” and “directed the institutes located there for a long number of years ”. In addition, the “ Beuth-Schinkel Museum set up in the Bau-Akademie ” was seen as evidence of “ the close relationship ” in which “ both men stood with each other ”. The Beuth Committee also raised objections by comparing the monuments by Beuth and Thaer, which showed “ such a diversity of characters ” that “ they would not be suitable for side pieces ”. In the opinion of the Beuth Committee, the sculptor August Kiß reproduced “ Beuth in his personality, well known to the current generation, very simply and faithfully, in his personal costume and posture, without any decorative accessories ”. On the other hand, Rauch represented " Thaer's personality, who is already further away from the present generation, more idealized, in a cloak-like garment, with the addition of the plow, as a symbol of his effectiveness ." The Beuth Committee therefore asked the Minister of Commerce to mediate that “ the erection of the Thaer memorial on the square at the Bau-Akademie as a side piece to the Beuth memorial would be refrained from. "

The Thaer Committee received this report from the Beuth Committee on January 31, 1858 to von der Heydt " reported in writing ", so that a reply could be submitted to the Minister of Commerce on February 16, 1858. She began with the following objection: “ The idea that the statues by Beuth and von Thaer should be treated as side pieces and set up in the immediate vicinity in the same place, is known to have originated from the perpetual smoke. “In addition, the Thaer Committee denied the idealization of the Thaer monument and emphasized that“ the image of Thaer is very portrait and so little idealized that even some viewers were offended by the costume and especially the gauntlet ” . Regarding the intention to " reserve the place next to Beuth for a memorial by Schinkel ", the Thaer Committee noted that " the spacious place could very well accommodate three monuments " and "in this way the interests of Schinkel's admirers would be preserved ", “ Without endangering or delaying the erection of the monuments by Thaer and von Beuth as the two luminaries of agriculture and industry. “In the erection of the monuments by Beuth and Thaer“ as side pieces in one and the same place ”, the committee saw“ the great truth ”expressed,“ that agriculture and other commercial activities in the Prussian state were equally justified and equally honored ”and“ that only through a harmonious cooperation of both, kept away from any jealousy, could the good of the whole be truly promoted ”.

On March 10, 1858, on behalf of the sick Friedrich Wilhelm IV , the Prince of Prussia asked the opposing parties “ to discuss this matter with one another and to report on it as soon as possible ” in the hope of “ an understanding that was satisfactory for all parties ”. The joint report by von der Heydts and Agriculture Minister Erdmann von Pückler was not published until June 1860. Three variants were proposed in it and the decision was left to the Prince of Prussia. On July 9, 1860, he preferred Pückler's view and decided to set up the statues “in front of the Bau-Akademie zu Berlin in the arc ” “ namely Schinkel in the middle, Beuth on the waterfront and Thaer on the house side ”.

Honors

In 1811 Albrecht Daniel Thaer became an honorary member of the Leipzig Economic Society .

Monuments

Monuments to Albrecht Daniel Thaer can be found in several places:

Albrecht Thaer monument in Leipzig , created by Ernst Rietschel , 1850
Albrecht Thaer monument in Celle , created by Ferdinand Hartzer , 1873

Thaer societies

An Albrecht-Thaer Society has existed since 1952, with the objective of agricultural research in the Lower Saxony region .

In 1991, the Thaer working group at the Kulturbund der DDR became the Albrecht Daniel Thaer Möglin e. V. founded. She runs a memorial in Reichenow-Möglin .

Bank note

The Reichsbank printed the portrait of Albrecht Daniel Thaer on the 10 Reichsmark notes from 1929. This banknote was still valid in the three western zones ( Trizone ) in 1948 , until the introduction of the Deutsche Mark through the currency reform in June 1948 .

  • 10 Reichsmark note from 1929

  • Numberless reverse (1945)

Postage stamps

On the 225th birthday of Albrecht Daniel Thaer, the Post of the GDR issued a stamp dedicated to him in 1977 as part of its series of important personalities . In 2002, a special Deutsche Post stamp was issued on the occasion of his 250th birthday.

Thaer as namesake

The Agricultural and Horticultural Faculty of the Humboldt University in Berlin has been awarding the Tha Medal since 1998. On March 31, 2014, the faculty was transformed into the “Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences”.

In Halle (Saale) a district is named as Thaerviertel . In Göttingen , a street and a student residence are named after Thaer, in Münster , in the Berlin districts of Friedrichshain and Prenzlauer Berg , in Blumberg (Ahrensfelde) , Hildesheim , Kleinburgwedel , Leipzig , Görlitz , Remscheid - Lennep , Uelzen , Walsrode , Soltau , in Rüdersdorfer district Hennickendorf and casting one each street. Today's ul. Karolewska in Łódź , Poland, was also called Albrecht-Thaer-Strasse from 1939 to 1945 .

The Albrecht-Thaer-Schule in Celle , a vocational school for agricultural economics, honors the agricultural scientist as well as the facilities it operates, Café KräuThaer and KräuThaer-Laden in the medicinal plant garden of Celle . (The Albrecht-Thaer-Gymnasium in Hamburg-Stellingen was not named after Albrecht Daniel Thaer, but after his great-grandson Albrecht Wilhelm Thaer .)

Works

literature

  • Carl Leisewitz :  Thaer, Albrecht Daniel . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 37, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1894, pp. 636-641.
  • Fördergesellschaft Albrecht Daniel Thaer (Ed.): In the footsteps of Albrecht Daniel Thaer. Möglin and its surroundings . Möglin 1994, ISBN 3-9803835-1-2
  • Fördergesellschaft Albrecht Daniel Thaer (ed.): Albrecht Daniel Thaer, exhibition . Possible in 2002
  • Funding society Albrecht Daniel Thaer, Martin Frielinghaus: Albrecht Daniel Thaer in Brandenburg and Berlin, agricultural and cultural-historical travel guide . Findling, Neuenhagen 2004, ISBN 3-933603-28-5
  • Guenther Franz, Heinz Haushofer: Great farmers . DLG, Frankfurt / M 1970, pp. 59-78
  • Martin Frielinghaus, Claus Dalchow (ed.): Albrecht Daniel Thaer. A life for agriculture . DLG Verlag, Frankfurt 2006, ISBN 3-7690-0671-2
  • Volker Klemm, Guenther Meyer: Albrecht Daniel Thaer. Agricultural science pioneer in Germany . Halle (Saale) 1968
  • Royal Agricultural Society (Ed.): Albrecht Thaer. Its life and its meaning in the past and present. In memory of the 100th anniversary of death on October 26, 1928 . Chamber of Agriculture for the Province of Hanover, Hanover 1928
  • Wilhelm Körte: Albrecht Thaer. His life and work, as a doctor and farmer . FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1839
  • Kathrin Panne (Ed.): Albrecht Daniel Thaer - The man belongs to the world. Accompanying publication to the exhibition of the same name in the Bomann Museum Celle on the 250th birthday of Albrecht Daniel Thaer . Bomann-Museum Celle, Celle 2002, ISBN 3-925902-44-9
  • Wilhelm Rimpau : The doctor Albrecht Daniel Thaer (1752-1828). The man belongs to medicine as to agriculture , Möglin 2016.

Web links

Commons : Albrecht Thaer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Albrecht Daniel Thaer  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Homepage of the Albrecht Thaer Society
  2. ↑ Enrollment in Göttingen on October 10, 1770. See Götz von Selle : Die Matrikel der Georg-August-Universität ... Hildesheim, Leipzig 1937
  3. ↑ See the memorial plaque on the house.
  4. ^ Hans-Peter Kröner:  Taube, Johann Daniel. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 25, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-428-11206-7 , p. 798 ( digitized version ).
  5. ↑ See Brandenburgisches Geschlechtbuch, 3rd volume, Limburg an der Lahn 1872, sv Thaer , p. 419 f.
  6. ^ Sigmund von Frauendorfer: The history of ideas of agricultural economy and agricultural policy in the German-speaking area , Volume 1, 1957, p. 208.
  7. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 120 D XIX 1 No. 16 Bd. 1, fol. 40 r
  8. ↑ HUB UA NL Thaer II 3, fol. 1 r
  9. ^ Wilhelm Körte: Albrecht Thaer. His life and work as a doctor and farmer , Wiesbaden 1839, p. 72.
  10. ^ Wilhelm Körte: Albrecht Thaer. His life and work, as a doctor and farmer. Wiesbaden 1839, p. 157
  11. ^ Johann Conrad Beneke, see Beneke, Johann Conrad (1755-1808), lawyer, from Hameln, pronaotarius at the Higher Appeal Court in Celle ; "Benecke or Beneke (Johann Conrad)" in: The learned Hanover… Volume 1, Bremen 1823, p.133f.
  12. ^ Annals of the Lower Saxon Agriculture. online @ sammlungen.ulb.uni-muenster.de
  13. ↑ Thaers garden and mansion in Celle celle-tourismus.de
  14. ^ Oil portraits in the art collection of the Humboldt University in Berlin www.ub.hu-berlin.de
  15. ↑ Quoted from Wilhelm Körte: Albrecht Thaer. His life and work, as a doctor and farmer , Wiesbaden 1839, p. 167 f.
  16. ^ Secret State Archives of Prussian Cultural Heritage (GStA PK) II. HA Gen.Dir.-Gen.Dep. Tit. 93 No. 5, fol. 1 r / v
  17. ↑ See Volker Klemm / Günther Meyer: Albrecht Daniel Thaer. Agricultural science pioneer in Germany. Halle 1968, p. 70 f.
  18. ↑ Cf. Martin Frielinghaus: The management of Möglins in Thaers writings. In: Albrecht Daniel Thaer. A life for agriculture , hrg. by Martin Frielinghaus / Claus Dalchow, Frankfurt am Main 2006, p. 18.
  19. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 87 B No. 12125, fol. 9a r
  20. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 87 B No. 12125, fol. 15 r
  21. ^ Wilhelm Körte: Albrecht Thaer. His life and work as a doctor and farmer, Wiesbaden 1839, p. 175
  22. ^ GStA PK II. HA Gen. Dir. Gen. Dep. Tit. 93 No. 5, fol. 44 v, fol. 44 r
  23. ^ GStA PK II. HA Gen. Dir. Gen. Dep. Tit. 93 No. 5, fol. 43 r
  24. ^ Thaer: Message from the institute in Mögelin. In: Annals of agriculture. ed. by Albrecht Thaer, Volume 5, Berlin 1807, p. 698
  25. ↑ Annals of Agriculture. online @ uni-bielefeld.de, digital collections of the university library
  26. ^ GStA PK II. HA Gen. Dir. Gen. Dep. Tit. 55 no. 7, fol, 2 v
  27. ↑ A. Thaer: Principles of rational agriculture. First volume. Berlin 1809. Preface, p. VI.
  28. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 120 AI 3 No. 1, fol. 1 r / v
  29. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 120 AI 3 No. 1, fol. 6 r / v
  30. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 120 AI 3 No. 1, fol. 9 f.
  31. ↑ GStA PK VI. HA Nl Thaer No. 5 Fasc. 1, fol. 1 r / v
  32. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 87 B No. 17158, fol. 174 r ff.
  33. ↑ GStA PK VI. HA Nl Thaer No. 5 Fasz. 1, fol. 82 r
  34. ↑ GStA PK VI. HA Nl Thaer No. 5 Fasz. 1, fol. 83 r
  35. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 76 V a Sect. 2 Tit. 1 No. 2 Vol. 3, fol. 152 r
  36. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 76 V a Sect. 2 Tit. 1 No. 2 Vol. 3, fol. 164 r, fol. 164 BC
  37. ↑ a b GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 21479, fol. 42 r
  38. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 21479, fol. 55 r
  39. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 87 B No. 10688, fol. 1 r
  40. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 87 B No. 12125, fol. 116 r, 117 v; see. also Hans Ostermuth: Albrecht Daniel Thaer , Leipzig 1929, p. 77 f.
  41. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 87 B No. 12127, fol. 154 BC
  42. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 74 K VI No. 3 vol. 1, fol. 13 r
  43. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 74 K VI No. 3 vol. 1, fol. 13 BC
  44. ↑ Cf. GStA PK I. HA Rep. 87 B, No. 23320, fol. 54 r
  45. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 74 K VI No. 3, Vol. 1, fol. 100 r
  46. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 74 K VI No. 3 vol. 1, fol. 98 BC
  47. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 74 K VI No. 3 vol. 1, fol. 144 r / v, 145 r
  48. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 87 B No. 22347
  49. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 87 B No. 22348, fol. 29 r, fol. 33 r
  50. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 87 B No. 21998, fol. 114 r, fol. 117 r, fol. 118 r
  51. ^ Collection of laws for the Royal Prussian States. 1817. p. 61 f.
  52. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 77 Tit. 597 No. 2, fol. 2 v / 3 r
  53. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 87 B No. 12125, fol. 117 v, fol. 117 r, fol. 161 r
  54. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 74 K II No. 15 fol 1r
  55. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 76 V c Sect. 2 Tit.23 LITT. A no.74, fol. 5 r / v
  56. ↑ Handbook about the Royal. Prussian court and state: for the year 1824. p. 234
  57. ↑ z. B. Handbook on the Royal Prussian Court and State: for the year 1821. P. 117 ; ... for the year 1824. p. 87
  58. ↑ See New Nekrolog der Deutschen , Volume 15, 1837, Part 2, Weimar 1839, p. 1014 f.
  59. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 77 Tit. 2 Spec. Lit. M No. 4, fol. 5 r
  60. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 87 B No. 12125, fol. 197 ff.
  61. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 76 V c Sect. 3 Tit. 23 No. 4, fol. 81 BC
  62. ↑ Josef Kulischer: General economic history of the Middle Ages and the modern times , Volume II, Munich and Berlin 1929, p. 441
  63. ↑ Quoted from Jutta von Simson (ed.): Caroline von Humboldt and Christian Daniel Rauch. An exchange of letters 1811-1828 , Berlin 1999, p. 371
  64. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 20757, fol. 247 r
  65. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 20893, fol. 6 r
  66. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 20757, fol. 246 r
  67. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 20893, fol. 6 v
  68. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 20894, fol. 16 BC
  69. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 20894, fol. 18 r / v
  70. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 20894, fol. 48 BC
  71. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 93 B No. 2363, fol. 60 r
  72. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 20894, fol. 19 r
  73. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 20894, fol. 21 r / v
  74. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 20894, fol. 27 r / v
  75. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 93 B No. 2363, fol. 86 v, 87 r
  76. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 93 B No. 2363, fol. 72 r
  77. ↑ Quoted from Jutta von Simson (ed.): Christian Daniel Rauch. Oeuvre catalog , Berlin 1996, p. 429 f.
  78. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 93 B No. 2363, fol. 77 v, 78 r, 78 v, 79 v, 80 r, 81 r, 81 v
  79. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 93 B No. 2363, fol. 88 r, 88 v, 89 v, 92 r, 93 r, 94 r
  80. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 20894, fol. 52 r
  81. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 93 B No. 2363, fol. 238 r
  82. ^ Erdmann Röhlig: The six locations of the Leipziger Thaer monument. In: Publications of the Leipziger Ökonomische Societät eV, Issue 11-2 (PDF), p. 20.
  83. ↑ a b Presentation of the Tha Medal by the Agricultural and Horticultural Faculty Albrecht Daniel Thaer - Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences
  84. ↑ Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42 , see photograph of the monument in the atrium.
  85. ↑ Inscription on the memorial, viewed and noted on July 11, 2011
  86. ↑ The Albrecht Thaer Memorial in Celle celle-tourismus.de
  87. ^ Albrecht Thaer Society
  88. ^ Funding company Albrecht Daniel Thaer
  89. ↑ Agricultural and Horticultural Faculty becomes "Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences " Press release from the Agricultural and Horticultural Faculty of Humboldt University in Berlin, March 31, 2014
  90. ↑ Albrecht Thaer School in Celle
  91. ↑ "Café KräuThaer" and "KräuThaer Laden" ( memento of the original from January 24, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cafe-kraeuthaer.de
personal data
SURNAME Thaer, Albrecht Daniel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Founder of agricultural science
DATE OF BIRTH May 14, 1752
PLACE OF BIRTH Celle
DATE OF DEATH October 26, 1828
Place of death Possible at Wriezen