Friedrich von Schuckmann

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Friedrich von Schuckmann
(Source: Stadtmuseum Berlin )

Kaspar Friedrich von Schuckmann , from 1834 Freiherr von Schuckmann (born December 25, 1755 in Mölln (Mecklenburg) , †  September 17, 1834 in Berlin ) was royal Prussian State Minister of the Interior and member of the Prussian State Council .

Life

family

Kaspar (or Caspar) Friedrich von Schuckmann came from an originally Osnabrück merchant family Schuckmann , from which the three brothers Hermann , Leonhard Heinrich (his grandfather) and Johann Friedrich Schuckmann on April 7, 1732 in Vienna by Emperor Karl VI. had been raised to the imperial nobility .

He was the fifth of nine children of the Danish officer Kaspar Nikolaus von Schuckmann (1721–1797) and his cousin Friederike Agnese Maria von Schuckmann (1726–1769) from Bützow ( Mecklenburg-Schwerin ).

Career

After attending the Knight Academy in Brandenburg Cathedral , Schuckmann studied law and political science at the University of Halle . From 1779 he was in the Prussian state service and began to work at the Berlin Superior Court and later at the Higher Government Court . In 1786 he was senior government councilor in Breslau ( Lower Silesia ) and in 1790 he was also senior judge at the Silesian Mining Authority .

Five years later (1791) he took over the administration of the principalities of Bayreuth and Ansbach and at the same time became president of the two war and domain chambers . In this office until 1807 he gained great recognition.

When the principalities of Ansbach-Bayreuth were occupied by the French in 1806, he initially stayed at his post. It was not until May 1807, when they discovered a secret operation against Bayreuth, that the French took Schuckmann, the highest Prussian official there, into captivity at the Mainz fortress , although he had no knowledge of the action. After his release he retired to his Hartlieb estate in Silesia. Previously, on October 8, 1806 , he had been appointed President of the Pomeranian War and Domain Chamber as the successor to Karl von Ingersleben , but was unable to take up his position.

According to the “ Ordinance on the Modified Constitution of All Supreme State Authorities in the Prussian Monarchy ” of “ October 27th, 1810 ”, the Ministry of the Interior was divided into four areas, which are now called departments instead of sections: The “ department of the general police ”, the “ department for trade and commerce ”, the“ Department for Cult and Public Education ”and the“ Department for the Postal Service ”.

On November 20, 1810, Schuckmann was appointed Privy Councilor to head the departments for trade and commerce (this also includes mining, metallurgy and saltworks as well as medicine) as well as for culture and public education. In this function, he replaced Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835).

As early as April 24, 1812, the management of trade and commerce was withdrawn from him and the " general police department ", but " with the exception of the security police ", was transferred. The trade and industry department was “ entrusted ” to the Privy Councilor of State Johann August Sack ; However, Schuckmann kept the leadership for cult and public instruction.

Schuckmann then became Prussian State Minister of the Interior for the first time from 1814 to 1819. His predecessor in office was the later State Chancellor Karl August Prince von Hardenberg (1750-1822), his successor for just under 1819 Wilhelm von Humboldt . Schuckmann then held the office of Minister of the Interior again, to which the Ministry of Police also belonged from 1819 to 1830. From 1830 onwards, Schuckmann limited himself to the tasks of trade and industry because of his advanced age, while Gustav von Brenn took on police matters.

As Minister of the Interior, on October 31, 1816, together with State Chancellor Prince von Hardenberg, he countered the deed with the statutes of the University of Berlin , which had previously been issued by the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. had signed. This gave the Berlin university its official constitution, in which the goals of the university, its structure and hierarchy, the internal jurisdiction, the lecture operations, the study conditions and other things were precisely defined.

From 1818, Schuckmann's Ministry of the Interior comprised three departments. The " First Department " under director Christian Philipp Koehler was responsible for the landscapes and fire societies. The " second division " was headed by director Friedrich Graf von Hardenberg (Friedrich August Burchardt, born 1770, died 1837, not to be confused with state chancellor Karl August von Hardenberg ). This 2nd department was responsible for the " General Commissions " and " Revisions-Collegia for the regulation of manorial and peasant conditions " as well as for the state " regular sheep farms for the improvement and promotion of sheep breeding ". The “ Third Division ” under Johann Carl Ludewig Gerhard was given the name “ Ministry for Mining, Smelting and Salt Works ”.

As Minister of the Interior, Schuckmann was also head of the ministerial committee against demagogic activities, the “ Royal Immediate Investigation Commission for the investigation of treasonous connections and state-dangerous activities ”. His attitude of mind is evident in his attack against the poet ETA Hoffmann : Hoffmann was also active on this commission and was not afraid to write a satire against demagogue snooping with his " Master Flea " . Schuckmann insulted him for this in 1828, years after Hoffmann's death, as an evil spirit of the commission and as a libertine.

On his 50th anniversary with the company, he became the sixth honorary citizen of Berlin .

At the end of November 1833, Schuckmann indicated his illness to the king: “ Unfortunately I (am) now very often prevented from attending the sessions of the state minister due to the poor state of my health, which almost completely denies me the casual use of my feet. “As a result, however, Schuckmann did not ask for exemption from the meetings of the State Ministry, but for exemption“ from dealing with the affairs of the general widows' catering establishment. "

It was not until shortly before his death in 1834 that Schuckmann resigned from civil service at the age of 78 for reasons of age.

A few months before his death, on January 11, 1834, he was raised to the Prussian baron status in Berlin .

family

Schuckmann's first marriage in 1789 was Leopoldine Margarethe von Röder (1769–1790), the daughter of the royal Prussian major general Friedrich Wilhelm von Roeder . His second marriage was on April 25, 1791, Henriette Augusta Eleonore Freiin von Lüttwitz (* 1769 in Mittelsteine , Grafschaft Glatz ; † April 17, 1799 in Bayreuth , Upper Franconia ), a daughter of the landscape representative and landlord of Mittelsteine. The couple had a daughter:

  • Henriette Marianne (* December 8, 1796 - † February 4, 1857) ⚭ Baron Karl von Lüttwitz (* January 18, 1779)

In his third marriage, Schuckmann married their sister Eleonore Freiin von Lüttwitz (1755–1834). From the marriage comes:

  • Luise Henriette (* October 21, 1801) ⚭ 1833 Baron Julius von Lüttwitz (* March 22, 1800)
  • Marie (born March 22, 1803), canon of Keppel
  • Karl Friedrich August (February 6, 1817 - May 1, 1867)
⚭ July 27, 1843 Therese Auguste Johanna von Frankenberg-Lüttwitz (* February 18, 1824; † August 26, 1855)
⚭ October 13, 1857 Angelika von Frankenberg-Lüttwitz (* December 23, 1822 - June 8, 1892) (Therese's sister), parents of Otto von Schuckmann

Honors

Orders and decorations

Fonts

  • Remarks about the government councilor von Raumer writing: The British taxation system, in particular the income tax, presented with regard to that in the Preuss. Monarchy to be met. Nicolai, Berlin 1810 digitized

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ On April 18, 1755, as a member of the Mecklenburg knighthood, the father was one of the co-signatories of the Land Constitutional Constitutional Comparison (LGGEV).
  2. ^ Collection of laws for the Royal Prussian States. 1810 , p. 3 and p. 10 ff.
  3. ↑ See Ernst Müsebeck, The Prussian Ministry of Culture a hundred years ago , Stuttgart and Berlin 1918, p. 121
  4. ^ Collection of laws for the Royal Prussian States. 1812 , p. 44
  5. ↑ Source: Acta Borussica, The Protocols of the Prussian State Ministry , Olms-Weidmann 2004, Volume 2: 1817–1934 / 38
  6. ↑ Cf. New Nekrolog der Deutschen , Volume 15, 1837, Part 2 Weimar 1839, p. 1014 f.
  7. ↑ Handbook on the Royal Prussian Court and State for the year 1818 , p. 96 ff.
  8. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 3690, fol. 135 v / 136 r
  9. ↑ Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses for the year 1861, p.456
  10. ^ Walter Schmidt : Oswald Friedrich Feyerabend (1809–1872). Evangelical pastor in the Silesian Oder town of Auras / Wohlau district from 1840 to 1857. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 34, 2015, pp. 265–294, here: p. 270.
  11. ↑ Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses for the year 1861, p.455
  12. ↑ Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of baronial houses, 1859, ninth year, p.761
  13. ↑ a b Genealogical pocket book of the knights u. Aristocratic families 1878. Third year, p.452
personal data
SURNAME Schuckmann, Friedrich von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schuckmann, Friedrich Freiherr von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prussian Minister of the Interior
DATE OF BIRTH December 25, 1755
PLACE OF BIRTH Mölln (Mecklenburg)
DATE OF DEATH 17th September 1834
Place of death Berlin